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Topic: Mercaptans

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Thiol

Ethyl mercaptan

Methyl mercaptan

Thiol group

Functional group

Alcohol

Thioesters

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Skatole

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	mercaptan. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Mercaptans are found in crude petroleum, and methyl mercaptan is produced as a decay product of animal and vegetable matter.
		They also are produced by certain plants and animals; e.g., allyl mercaptan is released when onions are cut, butanethiol (butyl mercaptan) derivatives are present in skunk secretion, and mercaptans are among the sulfur compounds causing the disagreeable odor of flatus.
		T-butyl mercaptan blends are often added to the odorless natural gas used for cooking and serve to warn of gas leaks.
	www.bartleby.com /65/me/mercapta.html (173 words)

	Process for the removal of mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide from hydrocarbon streams - Patent 5510568
		The mercaptans are reacted with the diolefins to form sulfides which are higher boiling than that portion of the naphtha which is used as feed to the etherification or alkylation unit.
		These mercaptans are inhibitors for the hydrogenation catalyst used to hydrogenate dienes in the feed to an etherification unit or to an alkylation unit.
		In the reaction distillation zone 12 substantially all of the mercaptans react with a portion of the diolefins to form higher boiling sulfides which are distilled downward into the stripping section 15 and removed.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5510568.html (3170 words)

	Prepared to Respond (P2R) Services - Additives Brocure Insert - Mercaptan Reduction in Light and Heavy Oils
		Mercaptans, or thiols, are sulfur compounds found in nearly all hydrocarbon streams from crude oil to propane.
		Mercaptans can be removed by several refinery processing systems; however, high mercaptan levels are often not discovered until the storage tank is tested prior to shipment on a pipeline, barge or other transport vessel.
		Depending on the type of hydrocarbon and the level of mercaptans in the fuel, the use of a mercaptan scavenger, a hydrogen sulfide scavenger or a copper corrosion inhibitor may be the preferred solution.
	www.bakerhughes.com /bakerpetrolite/p2r/additives_mercaptan.htm (422 words)

	Thiol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thiols are also responsible for a class of wine faults caused by an unintended reaction between sulfur and yeast.
		For example, grapefruit mercaptan, a monoterpenoid thiol, is responsible for the characteristic scent of grapefruit.
		The term mercaptan comes from the Latin mercurius captans, meaning 'laying hold of mercury,' because the –SH group binds tightly to the element mercury.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mercaptan (736 words)

	MERCAPTANS (Thio-alcoh... - Online Information article about MERCAPTANS (Thio-alcoh...
		mercaptans may, be prepared by the See also:
		SULPHONAL.) Methyl mercaptan, CHI.SH, is a liquid which boils at 5.8° C.
		Ethyl mercaptan, C2H5.SH, is a colourless liquid which boils at 36.2° C.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MEC_MIC/MERCAPTANS_Thio_alcohols_.html (295 words)

	Toxic Waste in Abidjan : Greenpeace Evaluation \| Greenpeace International
		Mercaptans are highly volatile and very strongly smelling chemicals (with a smell like garlic or rotting cabbages) which cause irritation to the eyes and respiratory system and can cause rapid onset of nausea.
		There is one reported case of a worker exposed to very high concentrations of methyl mercaptan in a confined space developing anaemia, going into a coma and dying.
		However, as mercaptans produce a highly offensive smell even at low (part per billion) concentrations in air and water and cause strong feelings of nausea and irritation at levels slightly above this, exposure to lethal concentrations is likely to be very rare.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/news/ivory-coast-toxic-dumping/toxic-waste-in-abidjan-green (1757 words)

	mercaptan - Encyclopedia.com
		The deodorizing abilities of ethyl mercaptan by the dyed and mordanted cotton specimens...
		MERCAPTAN - an organic chemical compound that has a sulphur-like odour that is added to natural gas before distribution to the consumer...
		Acute health effects from community exposure to N-propyl mercaptan from an Ethoprop (Mocap)-treated potato field in Siskiyou County, California.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-mercapta.html (1167 words)

	groundWork
		Mercaptans are colourless and odorous gases linked to animal facilities, wastewater treatment plants, paper and pulp manufacturing and bio solids recycling operations.
		Mercaptans are also used as a gas odorant, catalyst, intermediate in manufacturing jet fuels, as well as, the manufacture of some pesticides and fungicides.
		Mercaptans are also irritating to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory tract and is considered to be slightly toxic if inhaled.
	www.groundwork.org.za /Chemicals/mercaptans.asp (306 words)

	The Oyler E-Model -Mercaptans (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If mercaptans were not added, it would be hard for you to know that unlit natural gas was coming from your oven if you had a malfunction or leak.
		Mercaptans are similar to corrosive and toxic sulfur compounds found naturally in rotten eggs, onions, garlic, skunks, and, of course, bad breath.
		While there are many good places to use mercaptans, having them in contact with our beloved barbecue is not one of them- so in order to spare you their bitter flavor, we keep them OUT of our pits.
	www.jrmanufacturing.com /mercaptans2.html (204 words)

	The Evening Bulletin - Commentary: What's That Smell? It's Your Friend
		Mercaptans are a family of thio (acidic) alcohols which are specifically manufactured and added to natural gas so that you will be able to detect a dangerous leak and quickly notify the authorities to come and fix it before it becomes ignited.
		Mercaptans in the air was probably what New Yorkers were smelling, and it probably did not include methane gas.
		When highly-concentrated pure methanethiol (another name for mercaptans) is spilled or leaked at the local distribution center, the addition point, or at the manufacturing facility, they do present a choking and vomiting hazard to the workers.
	thebulletin.us /site/news.cfm?newsid=17694249&BRD=2737&PAG=461&dept_id=576361&rfi=6 (540 words)

	The Evening Bulletin - Commentary: What's That Smell? It's Your Friend
		Mercaptans are a family of thio (acidic) alcohols which are specifically manufactured and added to natural gas so that you will be able to detect a dangerous leak and quickly notify the authorities to come and fix it before it becomes ignited.
		Mercaptans in the air was probably what New Yorkers were smelling, and it probably did not include methane gas.
		When highly-concentrated pure methanethiol (another name for mercaptans) is spilled or leaked at the local distribution center, the addition point, or at the manufacturing facility, they do present a choking and vomiting hazard to the workers.
	www.thebulletin.us /site/news.cfm?newsid=17694249&BRD=2737&PAG=461&dept_id=576361&rfi=6 (540 words)

	mercaptans
		Mercaptans are a group of sulfur-containing organic chemical substances.
		Because the mercaptans irritate the breathing system, bronchitis is one possible result, but this is not certain at present.
		Although mercaptans are not the most dangerous substance in the workplace, workers must nevertheless be protected from harmful effects of mercaptan pollution.
	www.mflohc.mb.ca /fact_sheets_folder/mercaptans.html (998 words)

	FAQ Regarding Gas Odor
		Methyl mercaptan is a powerful odorant as is its cousin, ethyl mercaptan, which is found in the chemical substances found in a skunk's repellent.
		Methyl mercaptan is also generated in the decaying roots of Raphanus sativus.
		Mercaptans generated in the environment can be carried by rain or irrigation water through the soil.
	www.co.el-dorado.ca.us /EMD/solidwaste/faq_gas.html (352 words)

	total sulfur hydrogen sulfide H2S mercaptans diodes array process analyzer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		), is primarily derived from mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide.
		H2S and mercaptans have distinct absorbance spectra in the 200 - 280 nm spectral region, parts of which are overlapping.
		A sensitive chemometric algorithm differentiates H2S from the mercaptans in the continuously measured spectra and allows the individual concentrations of each of the compounds to be measured and Total Sulfur derived.
	www.novachembv.com /totsul.htm (414 words)

	Mercaptans (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The mercaptans and sulfides have a wide variety of applications in industry, the most common of which is odorant blends for the odorization of natural and LP gas.
		Mercaptans are a group of sulfur-containing organic chemical substances.
		If mercaptans are in the air, even at low concentrations, they are very noticeable.
	www.oxy.com /OXYCHEM/Products/odorants/mercaptans.htm (134 words)

	Aromas and Flavours
		Mercaptans' positive qualities may be due to the type of mercaptan, the level at which it is found, mitigating effects of other odoriferous compounds or a combination of any of these factors.
		Depending on the level found, some foul-smelling mercaptans can turn out to be a positive asset to the complex aromas found in wine.
		Furthermore, since some odoriferous compounds have an absolute threshold 1000 times lower in water compared to wine, there is obviously a vast difference between perception levels of the same compound in, say, a light white wine and a full-bodied red.
	www.wine-pages.com /guests/tom/taste6.htm (1607 words)

	Municipal Applications - Sulfide (H2S) Oxidation
		Mercaptans (RSH) are the organic equivalent to hydrogen sulfide and more odorous at 1/1000th the concentration.
		Mercaptans are naturally occurring from the degradation of sulfur containing organics (proteins, etc.).
		A table of commonly found mercaptans is presented on the reverse side.
	www.caruschem.com /municipal_app_s2.htm (252 words)

	Rollercoaster - Spark: Smelly Science - What's That Smell? M is for... Mercaptans
		Mercaptans are found in your smelliest farts, and can be smelt in rotten vegetables, animal poo and at rubbish dumps.
		Mercaptans are also world famous as they make up the foul smell that skunks spray from their glands when they feel threatened.
		In some countries they add a very small dose of mercaptans to the natural gas supply, so if you accidentally leave the gas on, your nose lets you know about it before too much has escaped.
	abc.net.au /spark/smelly/whats/m.htm (209 words)

	mercaptan — FactMonster.com
		Mercaptans are found in crude petroleum, and methyl mercaptan is produced as a decay product of animal and vegetable matter.
		They also are produced by certain plants and animals; e.g., allyl mercaptan is released when onions are cut, butanethiol (butyl mercaptan) derivatives are present in skunk secretion, and mercaptans are among the sulfur compounds causing the disagreeable odor of flatus.
		T-butyl mercaptan blends are often added to the odorless natural gas used for cooking and serve to warn of gas leaks.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0832739.html (162 words)

	Smelliest substance in existence : body-mind : kids : Radioshows : Earth & Sky (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The official name for a mercaptan is thiol and there are thousands of different kinds.
		In laboratory studies of genes, special mercaptans that fluoresce or are brightly colored are attached to specific genes to tag them.
		Mercaptans react with mercuric ions to form heavy metal precipitates; from which the word originated.
	www.earthsky.org /radioshows/smelliest-substance-in-existence (399 words)

	Rollercoaster - Spark: Smelly Science - What's That Smell? M is for... Mercaptans
		Mercaptans are found in your smelliest farts, and can be smelt in rotten vegetables, animal poo and at rubbish dumps.
		Mercaptans are also world famous as they make up the foul smell that skunks spray from their glands when they feel threatened.
		In some countries they add a very small dose of mercaptans to the natural gas supply, so if you accidentally leave the gas on, your nose lets you know about it before too much has escaped.
	www.abc.net.au /spark/smelly/whats/m.htm (209 words)

	mercaptans and other volatile sulfur compounds in wine
		Second, that the number of descriptors indicative of the presence of mercaptans in the screwcapped wines is striking.
		We have to be careful, however, not to overstate the potential threat caused by mercaptans in wines that are sealed by ultra-low permeability closures such as tin-lined screwcaps.
		Having said this, though, screwcap-sealed wines affected by mercaptans should be a major concern for winemakers because the closure is modifying the flavour of the wine, which is emphatically not reaching the consumer ‘the way the winemaker intended’.
	www.wineanorak.com /mercaptansinwine.htm (3401 words)

	ETS Laboratories
		Although the mechanisms of mercaptan formation are not clear, mercaptans are probably formed during fermentation by reactions involving H
		Because of the lower sensory threshold of mercaptans, this conversion is often accompanied by an increase in objectionable odors.
		S is desirable to minimize and avoid the formation of mercaptans and other complex sulfides more resistant to treatment.
	www.etslabs.com /pagetemplate/blank.asp?pageid=350 (826 words)

	Process for the removal of h2s and mercaptans from a gas stream patent invention
		However, the removal of mercaptans to a low level in a gas stream wherein both mercaptans and H.sub.2S are present is much more difficult.
		A gas stream comprising H.sub.2S and mercaptans is led via line 1 to a first scrubber 2 and is treated with an aqueous alkaline washing liquid to remove H.sub.2S, thereby creating a H.sub.2S-depleted gas stream and a sulphide-comprising aqueous stream.
		The total amount of mercaptans in the starting gas stream is typically between 10 up to 1000 ppmv, based on the total gas stream.
	www.freshpatents.com /Process-for-the-removal-of-h2s-and-mercaptans-from-a-gas-stream-dt20060824ptan20060188424.php (1539 words)

	Publications
		The fractions containing mercaptans are characterized by the presence of sulfur in hydrocarbon chains.
		After desulphurization, it is expected that the level of mercaptan will decrease to less than 5ppm and the total sulfur in the propane, butane and naphtha dessulphurization units will be as low as 35ppm, 35ppm and 50ppm respectively.
		In this process by using caustic solutions with density of 5-15% H2S, CS2 and light mercaptans are removed and heavy active mercaptans are converted into stable non-toxic alkaline compounds.
	www.ripi.ir /en/dmd-dmc.asp (736 words)

	Natural Gas Odorants (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Most of the blended mercaptans have a very low cloud point of -60°F when they are processed; and a guarantee of -50°F during the handling and filling operations to allow for the absorption of some moisture from the atmosphere.
		TBM is the most resistant to oxidation of the mercaptans used in natural gas odorizing and first in soil penetration.
		Isopropyl mercaptan (IPM) is second in usage among the mercaptans and is commonly blended with TBM to depress the freezing point.
	www.oxy.com /oxychem/products/odorants/nat_gas_odorants.htm (251 words)

	Specialty Chemicals - Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC - Mercaptans
		Mercaptans are used in diverse applications, ranging from agricultural supplements to polymerization modifiers.
		Functionalized mercaptans are listed on our Other Organosulfur Chemicals page.
		Our new product development team is eager to assist you in developing a mercaptan or other organosulfur chemical to meet your needs.
	www.cpchem.com /enu/specialty_chemicals_p_mercaptans.asp (163 words)

	Introduction to Sulfur Functional Groups
		The mercaptans may be prepared by the action of the alkyl halides on an alcoholic solution of potassium hydrosulfide; by the reduction of the sulfo-chlorides, e.g.
		Methyl mercaptan, CH -SH, is a liquid which boils at 5.8°C, and forms a crystalline hydrate with water.
		Mercaptans are malodorous substances otherwise similar to the corresponding alcohols, and parallel them in name.
	www.3rd1000.com /chem301/chem301x.htm (5602 words)

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