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Topic: Merchant marine

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	Unsung Heroes of World War II: Seamen of the Merchant Marine still struggle for recognition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Congress, at the urging of Roosevelt, passed the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, which established a 10-year program for building ships that would be used for commerce during peace time and would be converted for use by the Navy during times of war or national emergency.
		Mariners were civilian men and women who were employed by private shipping companies and were represented by the National Maritime Union to carry goods and supplies on cargo ships around the world.
		Countless mariners died on shore of their injuries after their ships were shot at from the air, hit by torpedoes or blown up by floating mines.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/04151/322861.stm (2723 words)

	United States Merchant Marine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The United States Merchant Marine is a fleet of ships that is used to transport both imports and exports during peace time and serves as an auxiliary to the United States Navy during times of war, delivering both troops and supplies.
		A merchant mariner is a seafarer or mariner in the United States Merchant Marine.
		Graduates of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy are commissioned into the USNR by default if they do not choose to be commissioned in another service of the armed forces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine (1099 words)

	Merchant marine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In most seafaring countries, the merchant marine (or merchant navy) is a fleet of ships used for commerce that sometimes complements the navy.
		In the United States, the term usually refers to the U.S. Merchant Marine, which serves as an auxiliary to the U.S Navy in times of war.
		Panama has by far the largest number of merchant marine ships registered to its country [1] although many of the vessels are owned by other nations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Merchant_marine (345 words)

	merchant marine - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about merchant marine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		To avoid strict regulations on safety, union rules on crew wages, and so on, many ships are today registered under ‘flags of convenience’, that is, flags of countries that do not have such rules.
		During wartime, merchant shipping may be drafted by the national government for military purposes.
		Most merchant ships are diesel-powered, but there have been attempts to revive sails (under automatic control) in combination with diesel to reduce costs, the first commercial venture being the Japanese Aitoku Maru (1980).
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /merchant+marine (242 words)

	The War Amps: Newsroom - MERCHANT SEAMEN BACKGROUNDER - ESSENTIAL FACTS
		Merchant Navy ships delivered troops, ammunition, goods, tanks, clothing, boots, bombs, airplanes and their fuel, raw materials, and so on.
		The Merchant Marine in the UK were covered under the Pension (Navy, Army, Air Force and Mercantile Marine) Act right from the very beginning of the war.
		By the time the Canadian Merchant Navy disbanded, the good jobs were gone, and any government aid for relocation or rehabilitation of the merchant seaman was non-existent (though it had been available in 1945 for the regular forces).
	www.waramps.ca /news/merchant/back.html (1653 words)

	Lars Josefsson. Important marine steam boiler information
		Know-how is the keystone of all steam boiler operations; the pioneer scotch fire tube marine steam boiler as well as modern water tube steam boilers, package steam boilers, composite steam boilers and exhaust gas steam boilers, all steam boilers require skilled boiler-engineers to operate them.
		The earliest types of marine boilers were relatively large pressure vessels, with furnaces located underneath them, but it soon became apparent that such exterior furnaces were far from satisfactory, and they were then located inside the boilers shell.
		Marine engineers began to adapt various types of water tube boilers to fit into the restricted space available for installations on shipboard, Some adaptations proved highly advantageous with respect to heat transfer and weight, and offered a variety of designs suitable for pressures in excess of the maximum of fire-tube types.
	www.steamesteem.com (1179 words)

	Merchant (Marine) Service History
		The Merchant Marine Act of 1936, was enacted by the 74th Congress of the United States on June 29,1936.
		Experienced mariners who had been drafted were released by the Army to serve in the Merchant Marine.
		Merchant Marine crews were subject to Articles of War and court martial during WWII.
	train.missouri.org /~emgeer/merchantmarine.html (1924 words)

	US Merchant Marine: Reviving A National Asset
		Background: The United States merchant marine is floating in a sea of turmoil for reasons economic, political, and international.
		The merchant fleet must not only be capable of carrying tonnage requirements, but it must also have the proper mix of ships to transport vital imports and exports and to meet the Nation's emergency military needs.
		The dwindling capabilities of the US Merchant Marine to meet national security needs in a major emergency are questioned by many analysts, particularly the ability to meet immediate ship tonnage requirements with present resources.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1992/IRW.htm (4449 words)

	Merchant Marine (U.S.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The commemorative flag was first displayed at the annual U.S. Merchant Marine Memorial Service at the Nation's Capitol in Washington, D.C. The event honors the thousands of merchant seafarers killed during wartime.
		The eagle's wing tips follow the contour of the U. Merchant Marine emblem below the words "In Peace and War." The year 1775 is also included in the design in recognition of the early contributions of the U.S. merchant marine to the Nation's history.
		Most recently, the merchant marine and armed forces combined in support of humanitarian efforts to relieve the suffering people of Somalia, and to restore democracy in Haiti.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/us^mm.html (277 words)

	Under the Red Star - Merchant Marine
		The gilt anchor/wheel/star emblem encircled by a rope identifies it as belonging to a junior commander (petty officer-equivalent) of the Riverine Fleet.
		Neither the crown nor the band are piped (differentiating Riverine and Merchant Marine caps from white-piped Soviet Navy caps).
		Buttons are standard navy and the visor is made from thick vinyl material commonly found within the Merchant Marine (probably since they are much more rugged than the standard fiberboard or plastic visors and stand up well to long ocean voyages).
	www.undertheredstar.com /nonmvdmarine.htm (1493 words)

	United States Merchant Marine Academy
		The American Merchant Museum serves as a repository for the USMMA's extensive and valuable collection of marine art, ship models and nautical artifacts.
		The Museum's mission is to educate and inform visitors about the American merchant marine in a learning center for the regiment and public at large, to promote public interest in and understanding of our nation's merchant marine and to collect, preserve and exhibit historic items that represent our nation's rich seafaring heritage.
		The Museum employs imaginative exhibitions and displays to illustrate what the American merchant marine is and who its leaders are.
	www.usmma.edu /about/Museum/default.htm (95 words)

	American Merchant Marine in World War 2
		About 8,300 mariners were killed at sea, 12,000 wounded of whom at least 1,100 died from their wounds, and 663 men and women were taken prisoner.
		The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy is the only Federal academy authorized to carry the Battle Standard Flag, by virtue of her 142 Cadets killed in action.
		Merchant mariners were fully involved working with the Armed Guard gun crews, rescuing soldiers from fiery decks below, and often assisting the Army doctors with the wounded.
	www.usmm.org /ww2.html (4261 words)

	Marine Links
		The Council of American Master Mariners (CAMM) is a nationwide professional organization of active and retired ship masters and pilots in the American Merchant Marine.
		Marine Firemen's Union is the official website of the Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers Association.
		Marine Money is the Ship Finance Publication of Record, is the premier magazine providing financial information to the maritime industry.
	www.hal-pc.org /~nugent/link.html (1987 words)

	United States Merchant Marine Academy
		The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy was reviewed in the early 90's by the Vice President's National Performance Review, the Department of Transportation's Inspector General Office, and by members of Congress.
		It is clear that the role of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, both within the undergraduate program and within GMATS will become increasingly vital to America's strategic and economic transportation interests.
		A recent Standard and Poor's survey ranked the United States Merchant Marine Academy 16th among all colleges and universities in the nation in percentage of graduates holding senior level executive positions in corporate America.
	gmats.usmma.edu /info/gmats (1761 words)

	us merchant marine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		United States Merchant Marine Academy One of the five US Service Academies, and is located in Kings Point, New York.
		United States Merchant Marine Academy A United States Merchant Marine Academy education is one of the great.
		American Merchant Marine Veterans, Juan De Fuca Chapter Intended to educate the general public as to the important services rendered to our country all these many years by those who have served in both the US.
	www.justfinances.com /pages/us-merchant-marine.html (291 words)

	UTFP Merchant Marine
		The UTFP Merchant Marine is a fleet of privately owned, merchant transport ships, which provide space-borne transportation for cargoes moving in interplanetary commerce.
		The Merchant Marine is a part of the Transportation Department and answers to the Chief of Transportation
		It is used to transport minerals from a surface refinery to an orbital processing plant.
	www.utfp.org /HQ/MerchantMarine/mm.htm (1160 words)

	GENUKI: UK and Ireland Topics - Merchant Marine
		British Mercantile Records of the 19th and 20th Centuries - A realistic guide to what is available to those looking into merchant mariners' careers by Len Barnett.
		The Palmer List of Merchant Vessels is an international listing, but it includes details of many British ships, both steam and sail.
		Through Mighty Seas - Merchant Sailing Ships of the NW of England - individual ship histories, and information on shipbuilders, shipyards, lifeboats, sea captains and mariners.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/MerchantMarine.html (680 words)

	Merchant Marine Memorials
		The first group shows the American Merchant Marine Memorial in Battery Park (sculpture by Marisol), inspired by a photograph of survivors of a U-boat attack (they later perished), and dedicated Oct. 8-1991.
		Mariners Buried/Commemorated in European Theater National Cemeteries - This is a section of the American Merchant Marine website, and lists seamen of misc.
		In a Norwegian magazine ("Krigsseileren" No. 1 for 1996) I came across a short article entitled "Durban's Lady in White", telling the story of Perla Gibson who is remembered by many a seaman for singing to the troopships as they went by, often standing on North Pier with a megaphone in her hand.
	www.warsailors.com /freefleet/memorials.html (2296 words)

	Bush to visit Merchant Marine Academy - Boston.com
		Not the Army or Marines -- the Merchant Marine.
		Even though some midshipmen acknowledge their school is "the redheaded stepchild of the service academies," they are hoping that begins to change on Monday when George W. Bush becomes the first American president to address a graduating class of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy.
		The Merchant Marine Academy was created following a 1934 fire in which 134 people died aboard the passenger ship Morro Castle.
	www.boston.com /news/education/higher/articles/2006/06/18/bush_to_visit_merchant_marine_academy (782 words)

	The Role of the U.S. Merchant Marine During World War II
		The Role of the U.S. Merchant Marine During World War II Salute to African Americans for War Time Service in the U.S. Merchant Marine and U.S. Maritime Service
		THE UNITED STATES MERCHANT MARINE AT WAR, report to the President by the War Shipping Administrator, Jan. 15, 1946.
		U.S. Merchant Marine - U.S. Navy Armed Guard - "We deliver." Bronze relief depicting a convoy under attack while enroute to Murmansk during World War II.
	www.marad.dot.gov /education/history/ww2.html (148 words)

	usmerchantmarinevets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This web-site has been put together in hopes of educating the general public as to the important services rendered to our country all these many years by those who have served in both the U.S. Merchant Marine and U.S. Maritime Services.
		Of the U.S. Navy, Coast Guard, Army and Merchant Marine, the mariners are believed to be the oldest.
		On June 12, 1775, a group of Maine mariners, armed with pitchforks and axes, used an unarmed lumber schooner to surprise and capture a fully armed British warship off the coast of Maine.
	www.homestead.com /usmerchantmarinevets (306 words)

	American Merchant Marine Veterans Memorial, San Pedro, CA
		At the height of World War II, there were 215,000 merchant mariners, including many teenage boys too young to enlist in the military, and men classified as 4-F, yet caught up in the patriotic fervor that swept the country after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
		According to official statistics, more than 6,795 civilian merchant seamen lost their lives in World War II for a causality rate of 1:32 (the highest casualty rate of any service); 600 were taken prisoner; and more than 650 of their ships were sunk.
		Unofficial statistics cite 8,651 merchant mariners killed at sea, 11,000 wounded, 1,100 died from their wounds ashore, 604 taken prisoner and 60 died in prison camps.
	www.sanpedrochamber.com /champint/marinmem.htm (360 words)

	Us merchant marine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The ships of the US Merchant Marine and US Army Transport Service were on the frontline as soon as they left their docks and harbors us merchant marine..
		The US Merchant Marine Academy Faculty Salary Schedule shall be the same as the Faculty Salary Schedule at the US Naval Academy with the exception of the.
		US Merchant Marine For more information about the United States Merchant Marine and their service in World War II or for information about obtaining.
	www.partpurchaser.com /us+merchant+marine.html (340 words)

	Hyundai Merchant Marine Keeps Network Attacks at Bay with Fortinet FortiGate Systems
		Hyundai Merchant Marine Co., Ltd. is one of the world's largest multi-modal marine transportation companies, with more than 80 offices and 4,500 domestic, international and shipboard employees around the world.
		A consistent target for network and content attacks, Hyundai Merchant Marine had made prior network security investments, but found that their multiple "point" solutions distributed across individual servers and user desktops and notebooks were difficult and inefficient to manage.
		Hyundai Merchant Marine (HMM), founded in 1976, has grown to become one of the world's largest multi-modal marine transportation companies, commanding some 200 modern vessels.
	www.fortinet.com /news/pr/2005/pr011005.html (841 words)

	Merchant Marine memorial
		The memorial is formed on the central block of three large concrete and stone structures in the sculpture garden on the west side of the main Australian War Memorial building.
		The north and south sides of the block carry plaques recording the names and ships of merchant seamen who died during World War I and World War II.
		Merchant ships carried vital supplies and troops but were vulnerable to enemy attack because they were generally slow, poorly armed and often loaded with dangerous cargoes.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-memorials/merch-marine.htm (276 words)

	U.S. Transportation Secretary Honors U.S. Merchant Marine on National Maritime Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Following the presentation of the colors and a moment of silence, Secretary Mineta spoke of WWII merchant mariners who sacrificed their lives in service to the nation.
		Merchant mariners crewed the Liberty ships, the Victory ships, and thousands of other ships that carried troops and many tons of materiel for the Allied cause in World War II.
		“Merchant Mariners were ready to serve their country at a moment’s notice in the past, are prepared to do so now, and will continue to be prepared in the future,” he said.
	www.dot.gov /affairs/marad0704.htm (385 words)

	[No title]
		Thousands of Merchant Marine veterans, their families and survivors will convene for a day of remembrance and discovery, highlighted by the 10 AM dedication of the memorial on the Delaware riverfront at Wiggins Park, just north of the Battleship New Jersey.
		Merchant Marine Veterans certainly endorse these two Resolutions and we like all veterans to telephone their 2 U.S. Senators and their member of the House of Representatives to urge them to become co-sponsors of these resolutions.
		The Merchant Crew took the same risks and many of them had been rejected by the military services or were requested to stay in the Merchant Marine where they were badly needed.
	www.armed-guard.com (7893 words)

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