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	Merchant Navy
		Merchant ships were attacked not only in distant waters but also within sight of the Australian coastline while traversing much frequented trade routes.
		Contrary to popular belief, merchant seaman were not well-paid, did not have comfortable working hours, and their living conditions were often very poor.
		Given the union’s claim of a total membership of 4,500 at the beginning of the war, the overall fatality rate among seamen members of the SUA during the Second World War was 8.5 per cent, a rate higher than that sustained by Australia’s fighting services.
	www.awm.gov.au /encyclopedia/merchant_navy.htm (394 words)

	Merchant Navy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Merchant Navy, also known as Merchant Marine denotes a class of seagoing vessels owned and operated by civilian companies, as opposed to the single word Navy, which denotes fighting ships owned and operated by the military arms of sovereign countries.
		Prior to the end of the First World War when she sailed more than half of the world's tonnage, it was known as the Merchant Service, and became the Merchant Navy by a Royal Proclamation of George V, in recognition of the fact that the service sailed valiantly alongside the Royal Navy's fighting ships.
		Merchant mariners are held in high esteem as a result of extraordinary losses in times of war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Merchant_Navy (1110 words)

	Allied Merchant Navy Memorial
		Crews from torpedoed ships of the Allied Merchant Navies were landed here and found a haven of rest until they returned to their home ports or shipped out as crew on other ships.
		In 1939, merchant vessels from the allied nations, were brought together to form the Allied Merchant Navy.
		The merchant Navy is seldom included in these services, however, due in part to the non-military status of the Navy.
	www.cdli.ca /monuments/nf/merchant.htm (600 words)

	Merchant Navy
		A career in the merchant navy is considered a glamorous one, especially by young people who have the travel bug.
		It is different from the navy in the sense that it offers commercial services, as opposed to the navy, which is involved in the defence of a nation.
		Merchant Navy is the backbone of international trade, carrying cargo across the globe.
	www.spiritofchennai.com /careerguide/mnavy.htm (1469 words)

	Merchant Marine; the "silent service"
		Merchant seamen were among the first Australians captured by enemy forces during the war.
		But of the Merchant Navy Ships of the convoy, and many others to follow, and the Merchant Seamen who manned them, their endurance and tribulations through the unrestricted "U" boat war fare of the "Great War" was soon forgotten.
		The Merchant Navy were civilians, yet they faced mortal danger again and again in the service of others and they did not waver.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-navy/merchant_marine.htm (1029 words)

	Merchant Navy Memorial
		The Merchant Navy provided a vital role in the Allied success of World War II, by carrying troops, food, fuel, and war supplies overseas to the armed forces and civilian population.
		The Canadian Merchant Navy insignia, worn in wartime as a lapel pin, is in the upper left corner.
		The special significance is the memory of 2,200 known Canadian Merchant Seamen and 91 Canadian vessels lost by enemy action and those who served in the cause of freedom, commemorating wars of this century.
	www.cdli.ca /monuments/ns/merchant.htm (451 words)

	Ship Safe Training Group Ltd
		The Merchant Navy today represents a perfect choice for a secure and long term career, and never before have there been so many exciting opportunities for new entrants into the industry with such a bright future, both at sea and on-shore.
		Millions of passengers and vehicles are transported, and the Merchant Navy is also involved in highly specialised marine operations including exploration, engineering, supply and support, resource extraction, cable laying, dredging and emergency support at sea.
		Although the history of merchant ships and their seafarers extend back thousands of years, our Merchant Navy began to take the form that is has today in the fifteenth century.
	www.sstg.org /merchant_navy.php (1084 words)

	A Tribute to the Merchant Seamen of WWII
		Many joined the Merchant Navy because they were not old enough, or too old, or not physically eligible to enlist in the regular armed forces of their countries.
		Their merchant ships were peacetime vessels which even if fitted with guns for defense, were not designed to withstand an enemy attack.
		The merchant seamen contributed enormously to the final victorious outcome of the Battle of the Atlantic, and without their amazing world-wide contribution to the war effort, final victories over the Axis powers would not have been possible.
	members.tripod.com /~merchantships/merchantseamentribute.html (2821 words)

	CareerAge - Merchant Navy information
		The merchant marine is another, non-combatant and essential service that can be very satisfying and certainly more monetarily rewarding.It came to existence as soon as men were able to build a craft that could float and carry people and cargo.
		Merchant navy fleet consist of cargo ships, container ships, barge carrying ships, tankers, bulk carriers, refrigerators ships, passenger ships,as well as roll off/roll on ships.
		Merchant Navy is one of the few careers where the salary is relatively high.
	www.careerage.com /resources/career_choices/merchant_navy/navy.shtml (1574 words)

	Merchant Navy Memories - Postings
		Merchant Navy Remembrance Day be officially recognised and formally observed annually in Australia on the International Mariners
		Merchant shipping has been vital to these commitments, but it was in the “Battle for Australia” period of the Second World War that the nation’s merchant mariners collectively served their most extensive and dramatic role.
		The establishment and annual acknowledgment of the 3rd day of September as International Merchant Navy Day is some, albeit always insufficient, recognition of the faithful service and dauntless courage and self-sacrifice of the seafarers in securing the freedoms we enjoy today
	www.m-navydays.com /newpages/Postings2.htm (1508 words)

	Merchant Navy in WW2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Frank Curry of the Royal Canadian Navy wrote those words in his diary aboard a corvette in 1941, during the Battle of the Atlantic, a battle that would be called the longest in history.
		The Navy’s own official historian records that there was not one single practise in the protection of a slow moving convoy from submarine or air attack.
		Merchant Navy Day.com would like invite all families and relatives, friends and companions, to submit the names of their loved ones to the commemoration page for 3rd September in recognition of their contribution to the years 1939-1945.
	www.mikekemble.com /ww2/merchantnavy.html (6685 words)

	bound by gravity: Merchant Navy Veterans Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Today is Merchant Navy Veterans Day, which pays homage to the "unsung heroes" of the Second World War whose losses, at one in eight, were the highest of any of the services.
		Without the brave men and women of the Merchant Navy, fighting the war in Europe would have been impossible; Canada could never have landed and supplied the troops that we did without their courage and dedication.
		Early in the war, many merchant ships were lost because the aircraft escorting them reached the limits of their flight capacity and had to turn back before the ships reached their destinations.
	www.boundbygravity.com /archives/2006/09/merchant_navy_veterans_day.php (592 words)

	Merchant Navy
		However, one section of people who were all volunteers and performed an absoultely essential operation were the Merchant Navy ships and men who took part in the Battle of the Atlantic.
		While there were merchant vessels lost to U-Boat actions as early as 3 September 1939, due to their long sea voyages from Germany into the Atlantic the effects had not reached their later levels.
		His great heroism and selfless devotion were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Merchant Navy.
	www.stephen-stratford.co.uk /merchant_navy.htm (2673 words)

	Merchant Navy career option
		The Merchant Navy is a non-combatant commercial fleet, which deals with transporting cargo and occasionally, passengers, by sea.
		The main positions open in the merchant navy are for navigating officers, radio officers and marine engineers.
		Women were not generally known to take up jobs in merchant navy but the past few years have seen a positive change with many women taking up jobs as ship doctors and radio officers.
	www.webindia123.com /career/options/merchant/intro.htm (389 words)

	Merchant Navy Association of Scotland MNAoS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Object of the Merchant Navy Association of Scotland is to promote awareness of the part played by the Merchant Navy in the defence, development and sustenance of this nation.
		The men and women of the Merchant Navy have been engaged on exploration, in trade and in support of the Armed Forces throughout the world.
		The Merchant Navy memorial at Tower Hill records the names of 36,000 seafarers of the Merchant Navy and Fishing Fleets who died in both World Wars and have no known grave but the sea.
	www.merchantnavyassociationofscotland.co.uk (342 words)

	Merchant Navy codes
		Here is what he has to say about the MNC: "The cryptographic systems provided for communication with the merchant ships were a prolific source of intelligence to the B- Dienst second only to the Naval Cypher No 3 in their importance to the Battle of the Atlantic.
		BAMS was a merchant naval shore to ship broadcast using Civilian Long Range and Coastal Radio stations, but controlled by the Navy.
		Wesemann achieved what might be the first nautical cryptanalysis on record when, on the basis of the captured code and several merchant messages that he had intercepted, he succeeded in reconstructing about one third of the superenchipherment table then in use.
	www.thebells.btinternet.co.uk /rangitane/bams.htm (2541 words)

	Indiatimes Learning..........Careers - Merchant Navy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Merchant ships came into existence as soon as men were able to build a craft that could float and carry people and cargo.
		Merchant navy ships are used for transporting cargo and passengers from one part of the world to another.
		The Merchant Navy fleet includes cargo ships, container ships, barge carrying ships, tankers, bulk carriers, refrigerator ships, passenger ships as well as roll off/roll on ships.
	learning.indiatimes.com /career/car_options/shipping/merchant_over.html (166 words)

	The US Navy -- Task Force Navy Family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Motor-vehicle safety is one aspect of mission readiness that often goes unnoticed, but in a complete turnaround from fiscal year 2006, the Navy is off to its best year ever as Sailors use risk managem...
		No U.S. Sailors or merchant crew were injured when a U.S. Navy submarine and a commercial cargo vessel collided in the Strait of Hormuz on Jan. 8.
		The Navy released the names, Dec. 31, of the two Sailors from USS Minneapolis-St Paul (SSN 708) who died Dec. 29.
	www.navy.mil /local/hurricane (1142 words)

	Merchant Navy in WW2 - 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the Atlantic Ocean, where the convoys of merchant ships were trying to bring vital supplies of food and war materials to England, it was especially bad.
		Now 84, Short remembers the day in 1942 the U-boat torpedo hit the SS Induna when he was serving in the Arctic convoys in one of the Merchant Navy ships that kept Russia supplied with a lifeline of aviation fuel, aircraft and kit.
		This was the first torpedo attack of the coast of Ireland, He stayed on in the merchant navy till the 50s then went to work at Cammell Lairds, whilst there he took part in the Polaris trials.
	www.mikekemble.com /ww2/merchantnavy2.html (5485 words)

	The Merchant Navy - NZHistory.net.nz
		Lionel Hodgson was one of several thousand New Zealanders who served in the Merchant Navy during the Second World War.
		This work was so essential to the Allies' war effort that the Merchant Navy was effectively regarded as the 'fourth service' alongside the army, navy and air force.
		Merchant seafarers often found themselves in the front lines of the war at sea.
	www.nzhistory.net.nz /war/merchantnavy (270 words)

	SR Merchant Navy Class - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Southern Railway (SR) Merchant Navy Class is a class of 4-6-2 steam locomotive designed by Oliver Bulleid for express passenger work.
		The SR West Country Class and the identical SR Battle Of Britain Class were lighter versions of the basic Merchant Navy design.
		One engine, 35028 "Clan Line", was bought by the Merchant Navy Locomotive Preservation Society direct from BR in 1967.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SR_Merchant_Navy_Class (407 words)

	Merchant Navy - Veterans Affairs Canada
		Canada's Merchant Navy was vital to the Allied cause during the Second World War.
		Merchant seamen and women showed tremendous bravery on the ocean "battlefield".
		The Canadian Merchant Navy War Dead Database is an index that can be used to search for the names of Canadian Merchant seamen who were killed while serving in Canada's Merchant Marine.
	www.vac-acc.gc.ca /general/sub.cfm?source=history/other/merchant (195 words)

	MNA.org.uk Homepage for the merchant navy association
		Attending parades, lobbing councillors and government ministers and encouraging a unified voice for all merchant seafarers was much harder in those early days but their courage was borne of hardship and endeavour.
		The campaigns continued and many wanted to establish Merchnat Navy memorials in their own areas and those few places with existing memorials wanted to establish an annual service of remembrance dedicated to merchant seafarers in the same way as many of the ex-service organisations had done for many years.
		In the Merchant Navy almost 1 in 5 were lost at sea and have no grave but the sea and many are still not properly commemorated.
	www.mna.org.uk /History.htm (2974 words)

	Canada's Merchant Navy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Since humans have waged war across a body of water, the merchant navies of these countries have made the ultimate sacrifice.
		After many months of sinking and dying, the convoys were finally protected to some extent by the Canadian Navy and the US Navy using updated and modified convoy and anti-submarine warfare tactics.
		Hannah Baird of Québec, one of the eight women killed in action serving with the merchant mariners, she was killed aboard the
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/canadas_military/68587 (437 words)

	Juno Beach Centre - The Merchant Navy of Canada
		Actually, although they were paid less than their U.S. counterparts, Canadian merchant navy sailors earned slightly more than RCN sailors.
		Veterans of the Merchant Navy were granted a status equivalent to that of RCN veterans in 1992.
		In order to encourage the captains of the merchant ships of all counties which carry the lifeblood of the U.K., I made it a point to attend the briefing conference of all captains and chief engineers before their departure.
	www.junobeach.org /e/4/can-tac-mer-e.htm (689 words)

	MNA.org.uk Homepage for the merchant navy association
		The recognition of this day will continue to change the nation’s perspective of all merchant seafarers and raise the profile of what our Merchant Navy has contributed to the development of world trade.
		Through exploration and trade, war and conflict, suffering and sacrifice the Merchant Navy and its seafarers were the link, the unbroken line, that helped to develop a nation and in part secure the freedoms we all now enjoy.
		The Merchant Navy Association was established in 1989 and is the oldest national Merchant Navy lobby group in the country.
	www.mna.org.uk (977 words)

	Wartime M.N. contents
		Welcome to the Wartime Merchant Navy pages of Gordon Mumford, author of award-winning, creatively written non-fiction books about his World War Two experiences in the British Merchant Navy.
		Information is also given about the role of the Merchant Navy, the Battle of Convoy ONS154, marine radio officers, high-level gallantry awards to merchant seamen and seamen held as prisoners in Timbuktu.
		Information about merchant shipping and seamen, including information on Gordon Mumford's ships, the Merchant Navy badge, campaign medals, and the Continuous Certificate of Discharge.
	www.gordonmumford.com /m-navy.htm (324 words)

	The Australian Merchant Navy \| Norwegian Fleet
		This narrative focusses on Nortraships' vessels' participation in the indispensable Merchant Navy support for the armed forces' efforts in the Asia/Pacific theatre of the Second World War.
		She was reported to have set records of 235000 tons carried and about 161000 miles travelled and her three deck officers served together on the ship throughout the war.
		In summary, no story of the Merchant Navy service of Australia's allies would be complete without some detailing of that of the Norwegians.
	www.merchant-navy-ships.com /index.php?id=0,53,0,0,1,0 (1759 words)

	Merchant Navy WebRing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Merchant Navy webring for sites that help remember the past and present sacrifices of the men and women who serve in the Merchant Navy.
		On board this vessel was my Great Grandfather, you will find information on the vessel he served on and also information on the submarine that his vessel came into conflict with.
		Online Merchant Navy store, here you can purchase books on the history of the MN and story's.
	a.webring.com /hub?ring=merchantnavywebr (197 words)

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