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Topic: Mercury sulfide

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	Mercury
		Mercury is found principally in the form of the ore cinnabar (mercury sulfide) and can also be found in the uncombined state.
		Mercury and mercury compounds were used from about the 15th century to the mid 20th century to cure syphilis.
		Mercury salts released into the environment may frequently be converted by anaerobic bacteria into such compounds, which can then be carried through the food chain to humans as in the disaster at Minamata Bay, Japan Other micro organisms can convert methyl mercury compounds into the insoluble, and therefore harmless, mercury sulfide.
	ist-socrates.berkeley.edu /~eps2/wisc/hg.html (960 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: PIAO, HAISHAN
		The effectiveness of mercury immobilization by sulfide was tested in the presence of various concentrations of interfering ions.
		Nevertheless, the mercury stabilization efficiency was still as high as 99%, even with exposure of the wastes to high pH leachants.
		However, the formation of soluble mercury sulfide species at excess sulfide dosage due to the common ion effect can cause mercury remobilization from sulfide sludge under conditions that can exist in the landfills.
	rave.ohiolink.edu /etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1059751247 (357 words)

	Cinnabar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cinnabar (German Zinnober), sometimes written cinnabarite, is a name applied to red mercury(II) sulfide (HgS), or native vermilion, the common ore of mercury.
		Cinnabar was mined by the Roman Empire for its mercury content and it has been the main ore of mercury throughout the centuries.
		Cinnabar is found in all localities which yield mercury, notably Almaden (Spain), New Almaden (California), Idrija (Slovenia), Landsberg, near Ober-Moschel in the Palatinate, Ripa, at the foot of the Apuan Alps (Tuscany), the mountain Avala (Serbia), Huancavelica (Peru), Terlingua (Texas), and the province of Guizhou in China, where very fine crystals have been obtained.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cinnabar (499 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sulfur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Hydrogen sulfide (hydrogen sulphide in British English), H2S, is a colorless, toxic, flammable gas that is responsible for the foul odor of rotten eggs.
		Sulfur mined in Alberta, prepared for shipment at Vancouver, B. Common naturally-occurring sulfur compounds include the metal sulfides, such as pyrite (iron sulfide), cinnabar (mercury sulfide), Galena (lead sulfide), sphalerite (zinc sulfide) and stibnite (antimony sulfide); and the metal sulfates, such as gypsum (calcium sulfate), alunite (potassium aluminium sulfate), and barite (barium sulfate).
		Hydrogen sulfide is the gas responsible for the odor of rotten eggs.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sulfur (8460 words)

	ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Mercury
		Mercury enters the environment as the result of the normal breakdown of minerals in rocks and soil from exposure to wind and water, and from volcanic activity.
		The levels of mercury in the atmosphere (i.e., the air you breathe in the general environment) are very, very low and do not pose a health risk; however, the steady release of mercury has resulted in current levels that are three to six times higher than the estimated levels in the preindustrial era atmosphere.
		Mercury is not absorbent, so do not try to wipe or blot it up with a cloth or paper towel; that will only spread the mercury and break it up into smaller beads, making it more difficult to find and remove.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /toxprofiles/phs46.html (9890 words)

	Using Sulfate-Amended Sediment Slurry Batch Reactors to Evaluate Mercury Methylation
		Mercury is a common environmental contaminant which becomes much more toxic in its methylated form because of methylmercury's ability to easily cross cell membranes, accumulate in biological tissues, then biomagnify through the food chain [1,2].
		Mercury was added in stages so that bioavailable inorganic mercury would be present for bacterial populations over most of the period when bacterial activity was judged to be highest.
		Sulfide samples were diluted 1:1 with a sulfide anti-oxidant buffer [34] which served as a preservative when the sample was exposed to air.
	sti.srs.gov /fulltext/ms2003337/ms2003337.html (3930 words)

	Geology of Mount Diablo - Mining History
		The mercury (also referred to as quicksilver) occurs in the form of cinnabar (red mercury sulfide) and metacinnabar (a fl mercury sulfide).
		It is believed that the mercury minerals were deposited from hydrothermal solutions which formed mostly in fractures in the silica-carbonate rock..
		The demand for mercury during the second world war resulted in an expansion of operation that was to continue until 1958 when mining operations again ceased.
	www.mdia.org /mininghist.htm (918 words)

	Activated Carbon from Carbon Link: Impregnated activated carbon for environmental protection
		However, for cost-effective removal of certain impurities contained in gases (such as hydrogen sulfide, mercury and ammonia), the adsorption capacities and the feasible removal rates must be substantially boosted by impregnation of the activated carbon by suitable chemicals.
		Mercury and sulfur are not normally converted to mercury sulfide at ambient temperature.
		In the case of an 1 1 wt% adsorbed sulfur, a stoichiometric mercury adsorption of 79 wt% is attained theoretically.
	www.activated-carbon.com /enviro.html (2651 words)

	Mines: Mercury Mines
		Mercury is a metal with several strange characteristics.
		In gold deposits with fine gold dust, the mercury is added in huge amounts and it collects the gold and allows to separate it from the other rocks.
		During this process a huge amout of mercury is lost and pollutes the surrounding area.
	www.showcaves.com /english/explain/Mines/Mercury.html (375 words)

	FDEP Mercury Program - Publications
		Mercury methylation and sulfur cycling in the Northern Everglades.
		Mercury and major ions in rainfall, throughfall, and foliage from the Florida Everglades.
		Mercury concentrations in feathers of wading birds from Florida.
	www.dep.state.fl.us /labs/mercury/docs/openlit.htm (1496 words)

	USGS Fact Sheet 94-072 -- Environmental Geochemistry of Mercury Mines in Alaska
		Mercury concentrations were also measured in salmon collected from large rivers in the region because these fish are often consumed by local residents and sportsmen.
		These low mercury concentrations are understandable because salmon spend much of their lives in the ocean and are not significantly affected by mercury from the mines and deposits.
		Most of the organic mercury resides in the stream sediments and is then transferred to stream water and food sources for the fish, such as larvae, insects, and other small fish that live in and around the mercury-rich sediment.
	pubs.usgs.gov /fs/fs-0072-94 (977 words)

	Fulvic Acid-Sulfide Ion Competition for Mercury Ion Binding in the Florida Everglades
		Mercury bound to fulvic acid for 30-µM Cl is 0.4 at pH = 3 and increases to 1.0 at pH = 4.
		Mercury is bound as humic substance complexes at pH = 8 and 0 parts-per-thousand (ppt) salinity in agreement with the WHAM simulations (Figure 1b) (Mantoura et al., 1978).
		Mercury bound fractions at pH = 4 (0.85 to 0.89), pH = 5(0.92 to 0.96) and pH = 6(0.96 to 0.98) are close to the WHAM prediction (1.0).
	wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov /projects/SW_corrosion/Fulvicacid (4331 words)

	Mercury Removal, Methylmercury Formation, and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Profiles in Wetland Mesocosms Containing ...
		An obvious concern in using constructed wetlands to remove mercury is the potential formation of methylmercury (CH Hg) since wetlands are known contributors of CH Hg to downstream lakes and waters (St Louis et al., 1994; Hurley et al., 1995; Branfireum et al., 1998; 1999).
		Sulfide concentrations in gypsum-amended tanks were at or near the method limit of detection for the months of June and July.
		Conceivably elevations in porewater sulfide (an increase from non-detectable levels) resulted in an increased fraction of neutral dissolved mercury that was available for methylation.
	sti.srs.gov /fulltext/tr2001063/tr2001063.html (5998 words)

	Mercury not being mentioned harmful to the fetus or neonate
		Mercuric sulfide and mercuric oxide may be used to color paints, and mercuric sulfide is one of the red coloring agents used in tattoo dyes.
		Mercury salts released into the environment may frequently be converted by anaerobic bacteria into such compounds, which can then be carried through the food chain to humans--as in the disaster at Minamata Bay, Japan.
		Mercury is used in thermostats, lighting switches, relays, and a host of other electrical equipment.
	www.lotusbirth.com /doc/FEB2003Lotusbirth-644.htm (1857 words)

	Everglades Mercury Debate Environmental Science and Technology v.35, i.3 1feb01
		In the Everglades’ marshes, methyl mercury concentrations in fish, alligators, wading birds, and fish-eating mammals are among the world’s highest.
		Sulfur’s role in the mercury problem is coming to light as federal and Florida state agencies embark on the $8 billion Everglades’ restoration project, a vast replumbing scheme to reverse decades of environmental degradation and ensure adequate water supplies for cities and farms.
		There, methyl mercury levels in sediments, gambusia (also known as “mosquito fish”), and chick feathers are the highest in the Everglades.
	www.mindfully.org /Pesticide/Everglades-Mercury.htm (741 words)

	The Mineral Gallery - Sulfides Class
		The majority of sulfides are metallic, opaque, generally sectile, soft to average in hardness and they have high densities, fl or dark colored streaks and an igneous origin.
		This is a large segment of the sulfide class whose difference from the other sulfides lies in the position of the semi-metal ions.
		In most ordinary sulfides that contain a semi-metal such as antimony, arsenic or bismuth, they substitute in the sulfur positions, but in sulfosalts they substitute for the metal ions and bond with the sulfurs.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/sulfides/class.htm (311 words)

	Toxics Program Bibliography-Mercury in Aquatic Ecosystems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Microbial cycling of mercury in contaminated pelagic and wetland sediments of San Pablo Bay, California: Environmental Geology, v.
		Mercury contamination from hydraulic placer-gold mining in the Dutch Flat mining district, California, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p.
		The distribution of, and relation among, mercury and methylmercury, organic carbon, carbonate, nitrogen and phosphorus in periphyton of the south Florida ecosystem: Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, v.
	toxics.usgs.gov /bib/bib-mercury-year.html (2388 words)

	handprint : synthetic inorganic pigments
		Manufacture is by exposing a solution of cadmium chloride or sulfide and salts of zinc, barium or selenium (to adjust the hue) to hydrogen sulfide gas, then washing, filtering and calcining the precipitate that results.
		The earliest mercury pigment is natural mercuric sulfide, found in the mineral cinnebar, the primary ore of mercury, and used as a pigment since Roman times.
		Zinc sulfide was developed in 1850 as a white pigment used in oil based paints, especially as a compound with barium sulfate (lithopone).
	www.handprint.com /HP/WCL/pigmt1b.html (3921 words)

	SOFIA - Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for Hg ion binding in the FL Everglades
		This competition is evaluated here by using a discrete site-electrostatic model to calculate mercury solution speciation in the presence of fulvic acid.
		Model calculated species distributions are used to estimate a mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant to quantify fulvic acid and sulfide ion competition for dissolved inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) ion binding.
		In the absence of sulfide ion (for example, in oxygenated Everglades' surface water), fulvic acid binding should dominate Everglades' dissolved inorganic mercury speciation.
	sofia.usgs.gov /publications/papers/fulvicacid/index.html (234 words)

	Alan Guisewite's Mineral Collection Images: Miscellaneous Systematic Sulfides Page
		Berthierite's another iron antimony sulfide - this miniature of a massively parallel bundle of fibers is from the Herja Mine, Baia Mare, Maramures County, Romania.
		One of the two "ruby-silver" ores (the other is proustite), pyrargyrite (a silver antimony sulfide) is a marker for silver and is often used as a silver ore (60% silver).
		Siegenite's a rare nickel cobalt sulfide - this large thumbnail (with a dolomite matrix) is from the Sweetwater Mine, Reynolds County, Missouri.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~adg/adg-pssuiimages.html (5680 words)

	CINNABAR (Mercury Sulfide)
		Uses: primary ore of mercury, a pigment and as a minerals specimen.
		It could be thought of as two scalahedral crystals grown together with one crystal going the opposite way of the other crystal.
		Associated Minerals are realgar, pyrite, dolomite, quartz, stibnite and mercury.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/sulfides/cinnabar/cinnabar.htm (286 words)

	1999 Progress Report - THE EFFECT OF SULFATE AND SULFIDE ON MERCURY METHYLATION IN FLORIDA EVERGLADES
		Specifically, the goal of the present work was to determine how the addition of sulfate and sulfide affect Hg methylation rates in Florida Everglades sediments.
		Experimental additions of sulfate and sulfide to ambient sediments, along with measurements of pore water chemistry, were used to study the effect of these two constituents on Hg methylation in the Florida Everglades.
		At TS7, sulfate addition did not result in an increase in pore water sulfide, and at LOX a 5-fold increase was observed, but sulfide levels did not become high enough to inhibit methylation.
	es.epa.gov /ncer_epa/fellow/progress/97/benoitja99.html (502 words)

	ESTIMATION OF MERCURY-SULFIDE SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY IN SEDIMENT PORE WATERS USING OCTANOL-WATER PARTITIONING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Furthermore, sulfide has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on Hg methylation by sulfate reducing bacteria.
		This hypothesis was tested by measuring changes in the octanol-water partitioning of inorganic mercury across a sulfide concentration gradient from 1 uM to 10 mM.
		Thermodynamic modeling indicated that the neutral dissolved HgS complex dominated at low sulfide but was replaced by charged disulfide species as sulfide concentration increased.
	aslo.org /meetings/santafe99/abstracts/SS28WE0530S.html (193 words)

	Mineral Reference
		Comments: Cuprite, copper oxide is a common and widespread ore mineral formed by oxidation of sulfide minerals in the upper zones of copper veins.
		Comments: Enargite, a fairly rare copper arsenic sulfide mineral, is an important ore of copper and arsenic in the few places where it is abundant, such as Bor, Yugoslavia and Butte, Mont. Enargite forms metallic fl, tabular, or prismatic crystals and granular, cleavable masses in vein and replacement deposits of intermediate temperature.
		Streak is brownish, luster is resinous to adamantine, Sphalerite, usually in association with the lead sulfide galena, occurs in contact metamorphic deposits, in replacement deposits within limestone and dolomite, and in veins.
	ist-socrates.berkeley.edu /%7Eeps2/wisc/glossary2.html (7652 words)

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	www.antigenreelitecorps.com /wesgraham/mea/mea289.html (488 words)

	Tattoo-associated skin reactions. DermNet NZ
		The reaction usually appears as an inflamed red rash or may sometimes be scaly and flaky (exfoliative dermatitis).
		Yellow tattoos created from cadmium sulfide are at most risk of causing hypersensitivity reactions when they are exposed to sunlight.
		This phototoxic reaction caused by cadmium sulfide can also occur in red tattoos, as trace amounts of cadmium are added to brighten red tattoo pigment.
	www.dermnetnz.org /reactions/tattoo-reaction.html (554 words)

	CET: KDF Water Filter Systems for Lead, Iron, Mercury, Hydrogen Sulfide & More
		KDF Whole House water filtration systems below are primarily designed to remove Lead, Iron, Chorine, Mercury, Hydrogen Sulfide among others from your water supply.
		KDF Filter Media meets EPA and Food and Drug Administration standards for levels of zinc and copper in potable water and is certified by NSF International to its Standard 61 for drinking water.
		KDF process media work to reduce or remove Chlorine, Iron, Hydrogen Sulfide, Lead, Mercury, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium, Chromium, Bacteria, Algae and Fungi.
	www.cetsolar.com /kdfilter.htm (275 words)

	Magia D' La Luna
		Cinnabar is VERY POISONOUS, and is the principal ore of Mercury (It is Mercury Sulfide).
		The miners heated the cinnabar to release it's Mercury.
		Fine gold, which would otherwise be washed through the sluice box, was captured by the Mercury in a process called "amalgamation".
	www.magialuna.net /gems.html (5114 words)

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