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Topic: Merge algorithm

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	SparkNotes: Merge Sort: The Merge Sort Algorithm
		To understand the efficiency of the mergesort algorithm it is useful to separate the merging from the sorting.
		The merging process is linear each time two lists have to be merged, because it is simply done by doing one comparison for each pair of elements at the top of each sublist.
		Because all log(n) sublists have to be merged, the efficiency of mergesort is O(nlog(n)).
	www.sparknotes.com /cs/sorting/merge/section1.html (270 words)

	Merge algorithm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Merge algorithms are a family of algorithms that run sequentially over multiple sorted lists, typically producing more sorted lists as output.
		Use has declined due to large random access memories, and many applications of merge algorithms have faster alternatives when you have a random-access memory that holds all your data.
		When merging two lists of length m, there is a lower bound of 2m − 1 comparisons required in the worst case.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Merge_algorithm (284 words)

	Merge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Merge (software) is a computer package, a cut-down 'Virtual Machine', for running Windows 9x on x86 processors under UNIX
		Merge (Unix), is a Unix program that can merge three modified versions of a file.
		Merge (SQL) is a Data Manipulation Language statement in SQL.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Merge (226 words)

	Mark-Merge - monotone documentation
		This in itself is not an algorithm, or anything close to it; the hope is that it's a good description of what people actually want out of a merge algorithm, expressed clearly enough that we can create an algorithm that fits these desiderata.
		Now, a merge algorithm per se: Let's use (A) to mean the unique nearest marked ancestor of node A. Suppose we want to merge* A and B. There are exactly 3 cases: - *(A) is an ancestor of B, but not vice versa: B wins.
		Traditionally, merge algorithms are evaluated by coming up with some set of examples, eyeballing them to make some guess as to what the "correct" answer was, comparing that to the algorithm's output, and then arguing with people whose intuitions were different.
	monotone.ca /docs/Mark_002dMerge.html (3838 words)

	Implementation of the best merge-sort algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Merging is the process whereby two presorted lists of data values are combined in a systematic manner to create a single sorted list.
		Merging is used because it easily allows a compromise between expensive internal Random Access Memory (RAM) and external magnetic mediums where the cost of RAM is an important factor.
		Merging is not normally used for sorting large data files in internal RAM because of the extra memory space required to merge pairs of sorted lists.
	www.logiccoder.com /MergeInfo.htm (1919 words)

	badmerge -- concrete version with good semantics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		See also the abstract version, in which every line of the file is simply an arbitrary character, to focus attention on the question of "Where does this change go?" instead of on the distracting issue of whether a merge algorithm can be more or less faithful to C programming language semantics.
		The svn 3-merge algorithm and the GNU diff3 algorithm apply the changed line from c1 to the wrong place in b2, resulting in an apparently clean but actually wrong result.
		Any algorithm which merges c1 with b2 by examining (a, b2, c1) but without reference to the information in b1 is doomed to do worse than darcs does in this sort of case.
	zooko.com /badmerge/concrete-good-semantics.html (863 words)

	Merge sort
		The algorithms presented are: two-way sort/merge, the balanced two-way sort/merge, the balanced k-way sort/merge, and the polyphase sort/merge.
		The number of passes through this algorithm is the same as the number of passes through the two-way sort/merge algorithm, that is the ceiling of lg NR.
		However the merge phase will be merging into 3 files, that is, run 1 from file 1 and run 2 from file 2 and run 3 from file 3 are merged into file 4 to produce 1 run of sorted records.
	www.geocities.com /privatnaetf/Mergesort.htm (2427 words)

	Description of Trivial Merge Algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This algorithm is central to the submit process, in particular submit end, because the rules of submit end require that all merges to the baseline be trivial.
		For any merge, there are three versions of interest: the FROM version (the source of the merge), the TO version (the destination of the merge), and the BASE version, which is the most recent version both the FROM and TO versions have in common--their "common ancestor", if you will.
		In the case of merges both to and from a version, the only way to be sure that the merge is trivial is to determine the order of the merges.
	www.paulandlesley.org /clearcase/t_merge.html (1406 words)

	Merge Sort
		Merge sort divides the array into two halves which are sorted recursively and then merged to form a sorted whole.
		It is interesting to compare quick sort with merge sort; the former has a pre-order structure the latter a post-order structure.
		The space complexity of the recursive algorithm is O(N+log(N)), N for the "working-space array" and log(N) for the stack space.
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /~lloyd/tildeAlgDS/Sort/Merge (361 words)

	Sphere-Tree Construction Toolkit
		This algorithm is an extension to the Octree algorithm.
		The algorithm also optimises the orientation of the grid of spheres, and their size, so as to minimise the error in the approximation and to minimise the volume of each of the resulting regions.
		The "Optimised" algorithm is the "Combined" algorithm with a simplex based optimisation that further improves the fit of the sphere prior to their inclusion in the sphere-tree.
	isg.cs.tcd.ie /spheretree (1925 words)

	PRCS Merge
		Merge is probably the most difficult operation in PRCS to understand.
		When the merge is complete, B is left with a (possibly) modified set of working files and a project file which has recorded in it the events of the merge.
		When you mix partial merges where files are selected by name or by file-family, it is possible to end up in a situation where a file should to be added that already exists if grouped by the other selection criteria.
	www.xcf.berkeley.edu /~jmacd/merge.html (3538 words)

	Odd-even mergesort
		It is based on a merge algorithm that merges two sorted halves of a sequence to a completely sorted sequence.
		In contrast to mergesort, this algorithm is not data-dependent, i.e.
		The correctnes of the merge algorithm is proved using the 0-1-principle.
	www.inf.fh-flensburg.de /lang/algorithmen/sortieren/networks/oemen.htm (441 words)

	badmerge -- concrete version with bad semantics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		My contention is that darcs merge's decision of "where does the change go", as demonstrated in the abstract version, is better than 3-merge's decision, regardless of the semantic meaning of the text.
		Peter and I have debated about whether the merge behavior of darcs or that of 3-merge is "safer" or "better" for preserving correct semantics when merging source code.
		The svn 3-merge algorithm and the GNU diff3 algorithm apply the changed line from c1 to the wrong place in b2.
	zooko.com /badmerge/concrete-bad-semantics.html (1067 words)

	Algorithms for Cube and Ring Connected Multi-computers
		This algorithm is advantageous over the parallel nested loop join algorithm since after a certain stage, the degree of parallelism is halved at each merge pass and so at the last pass, one processor merges the entire relation.
		The basic idea in all the hash based algorithms, the two source relations R and S are partitioned into disjoint subsets called buckets and tuples are assigned to buckets based on the value of the hash function that is applied to a tuple join’s attribute value.
		This algorithm is effective in limiting the effects of AVS for double-skew joins, but the author does not make a comparison of the performance of the algorithm with basic parallel join algorithms.
	www.ece.uci.edu /~pgontla/report244.html (11212 words)

	subversion: Merge Tracking Design
		Subversion's merge tracking uses a layered design, with the user-visible operations based primarily on the information from the merge history.
		If you are merging forward, the revision(s) you are merging is added to the revision line in sorted order (such that all revisions and revision ranges in the list are monotonically increasing from left to right).
		The path (known as PATHNAME in the grammar) used as the key to determine which revision line to change is the subdirectory path being merged from, relative to the repo root, with the repo url stripped from it.
	subversion.tigris.org /merge-tracking/design.html (1914 words)

	Iterative Split-and-Merge Algorithm for VQ Codebook Generation - Kaukoranta, Frnti, Nevalainen (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Abstract: We propose a new iterative algorithm for the generation of a codebook in vector quantization.
		The algorithm starts with an initial codebook that is improved by a combination of merge and split operations.
		6: A new vector quantization clustering algorithm (context) - Equitz - 1989
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /654862.html (467 words)

	subversion: Merge Tracking Functional Specification
		However, to propogate merge info during copy/move operations, access to both a path's comprehensive merge info and its history is necessary.
		While some state indicating delayed merge info retrieval and handling could instead be stored in WC to preserve offline operation, there are complications with this when subsequent uncommited revert operations should change the merge info (we'd have to store negative merge info in the WC).
		A merge preview which is lighter-weight than an uncommitted merge into a WC is not supported.
	subversion.tigris.org /merge-tracking/func-spec.html (2019 words)

	Analyzing the Merge Sort Algorithm
		The merge sort algorithm looks a lot more complicated than the selection sort algorithm, and it appears that it may well take much longer to carry out these repeated subdivisions.
		Suppose for the moment that merge sort takes the same time as selection sort to sort an array of 10,000 integers, that is, 3.5 seconds on the test machine.
		Quicksort is a commonly used algorithm that has the advantage over merge sort that no temporary arrays are required to sort and merge the partial results.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~clo/www/CMU/Wiley/Contents/Big_Java/horstmann2486c18/sect5.html (1350 words)

	Merge Sort Algorithm
		The merge sort algorithm is said to be one of the earliest sorting algorithms created.
		The merge sort algorithm is a divide and conquer algorithm.
		As the battle rages on determining which sorting algorithm is the fastest, merge sort has shown to be one of the best.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~loganh/mergesort.html (880 words)

	Fast sorting of almost sorted arrays - I
		The cost of the merges can be significantly reduced as follows: Given two successive segments to be merged, do a binary search on the first segment to find the first element greater than the first element of the second segment.
		The costs of the sort/merge algorithm are harder to assess because they depend on the sort algorithm used during the sort phase.
		The nominal cost of the merge pass is 2k comparisons; however because of the k-constraint the average cost is bounded by 1.5k comparisons for the merge of two segments of length k.
	home.tiac.net /~cri/2004/ksort.html (1000 words)

	Merge Sort
		The merge sort splits the list to be sorted into two equal halves, and places them in separate arrays.
		The merge sort is slightly faster than the heap sort for larger sets, but it requires twice the memory of the heap sort because of the second array.
		A sample C program that demonstrates the use of the merge sort may be downloaded here.
	linux.wku.edu /~lamonml/algor/sort/merge.html (249 words)

	The merge algorithm.
		Note that it would be simple to write a mergesort algorithm that operates on linked lists (of a known length) rather than arrays.
		The principle of merging two sorted collections (whether they be lists, arrays, or something else) is quite simple: The smallest key over all will either be the smallest key in the first collection or the smallest key in the second collection.
		algorithm to create a new array to hold the result of the operation at least temporarily.
	www.cs.bham.ac.uk /~mhe/foundations2/node69.html (384 words)

	A New Split and Merge Algorithm with Topological Maps - Brun, Domenger (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Usually, segmentation algorithms implementing the split and merge operations are restricted to a split stage followed by a merge stage.
		This algorithm is based on a data structure encoding topological maps in a discrete plane.
		A new split and merge algorithm with topological maps and inter-pixel boundaries.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /11701.html (709 words)

	Merge Sort - CS245 Project By Joseph George (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Mergesort may be considered to be a tree based algorithm and over here it is executed in a depth first manner.
		Merge Sort algorithm uses the process of merging two sorted lists recursively to accomplish the sorting of an unsorted list.
		The merge algorithm is then used N/2 times to merge pairs of elements into sorted lists of length 2.
	www.cse.iitk.ac.in /users/dsrkg/cs210/applets/sorting/mergeSort/mergeSort.html (440 words)

	Intro to Algorithms: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
		Which algorithm is best for a given application depends on the number of items to be sorted, the extent to which the items are already somewhat sorted, and the kind of storage device to be used: main memory, disks, or tapes.
		Before we can analyze an algorithm, we must have a model of the implementation technology that will be used, including a model for the resources of that technology and their costs.
		The key operation of the merge sort algorithm is the merging of two sorted sequences in the "combine" step.
	www.personal.kent.edu /~mlu3/CSCourses/AdvAlgorithms/CLR-BOOK/books/book6/chap01.htm (5650 words)

	CrissCrossMerge - Revctrl Wiki
		One possible solution is to use 'a' as the common ancestor for the merge; this is the approach taken by Monotone, when it uses the LCA+DOM rather than LCA as a merge base.
		Another possible solution is to first merge 'b1' and 'c1' to a temporary node (basically, imagine that the 'X' in the diagram is actually a revision, not just edges crossing) and then use that as a base for merging 'b2' and 'c2'.
		SimpleWeaveMerge will silently clean merge this to either xcby or xbcy -- which it picks is somewhat random, and depends on the details of the Resolution and global ordering it uses.
	revctrl.org /CrissCrossMerge (1073 words)

	K-way Merge Sort Algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		merge input buffer will be ignored during the selection.
		The files of any previous merge pass become now the input files for the next merge pass.
		the merge, so we have to take that into account in the succesive merge passes.
	www.csam.montclair.edu /~gutierre/kmergeso.htm (324 words)

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