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Topic: Meridian astronomy

	* Meridian - (Astronomy): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Zero meridian: Mars' equator is defined by its rotation, but the location of its Prime Meridian was specified, as was Earth's, by choice of an arbitrary point which was accepted by later observers.
		The eagle is solar and a symbol of all sky; the meridian sun, the spiritual principle, ascension, inspiration, release from bondage, victory, pride, dignity, contemplation, royalty, authority, strength, height, the element of air, warriors, courage,...
		Since the Earth is a sphere, 180 E is equal to 180 W. Longitude is the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian of a celestial object.
	en.mimi.hu /astronomy/meridian.html (1146 words)

	meridian - definition from Biology-Online.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Meridians, on a map or globe, are lines drawn at certain intervals due north and south, or in the direction of the poles.
		Magnetic meridian, a great circle, passing through the zenith and coinciding in direction with the magnetic needle, or a line on the earth's surface having the same direction.
		Meridian of a globe, or Brass meridian, a graduated circular ring of brass, in which the artificial globe is suspended and revolves.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/meridian (245 words)

	Meridian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Meridian (astronomy): an imaginary circle perpendicular to the horizon.
		Meridian Broadcasting has been the ITV station for the south of England since 1992.
		Meridian is also an online game, Meridian 59 (http://www.meridian59.com/) one of the first online game to be released at retail, developed by Andrew and Chris Kirmse of Archetype.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Meridian (369 words)

	Meridian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Meridian was a comic book series published by CrossGen in the early 2000s, and was the name of a city-state in that comic.
		Meridian is the name of a line of business telecommunication products produced and marketed by Nortel Networks.
		Meridian is also a term used by the Public Land Survey System in the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meridian (227 words)

	Archaeogeodesy, a Key to Prehistory, by James Q. Jacobs
		The length of an arc of meridian and of longitude are variable functions of latitude due to the oblate ellipsoidal shape of the geoid.
		The latitude with the local meridian matching the scale of the equatorial circumference is near the Thornborough henges and Long Meg circle, north of Avebury.
		Meridians have been used historically in determination of the magnitude of the earth, determination of longitude, and in the demarcation of the beginning of the day.
	www.jqjacobs.net /astro/aegeo.html (2887 words)

	Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Astronomy (Greek languageGreek: αστρονομία = άστρον + nomosνόμος, literally, ''"law of the starstars"'') is the science involving the observation and explanation of events occurring beyond the Earth and its earth's atmosphereatmosphere.
		Astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateur astronomyamateurs can still play an active role, especially in the discovery and monitoring of transient phenomena.
		Astronomy is not to be confused with astrology, which assumes that people's destiny and human affairs in general are correlated to the apparent positions of astronomical objects in the sky -- although the two fields share a common origin, they are quite different; astronomers embrace the scientific method/, while astrologers do not.
	www.infothis.com /find/Astronomy (2015 words)

	Meridian (astronomy) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the sky, a meridian is an imaginary great circle on the celestial sphere that is perpendicular to the local horizon.
		It passes through the north point on the horizon, through the celestial pole, up to the zenith, and through the south point on the horizon.
		The upper meridian is the half above the horizon, the lower meridian the half below it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meridian_(astronomy) (160 words)

	Meridian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The Olcott Meridian Circle was ordered by the Dudley Observatory's first director, Benjamin Apthorp Gould, from the scientific equipment manufacturers Pistor and Martins of Berlin, Germany, in 1855.
		The object-glass of the Olcott Meridian circle is a clear eight inches in diameter, and its focal length is ten feet.
		The two circles used to measure declination are each thirty six inches in diameter, initially inlaid with silver, and capable of being read, with the aid of microscopes, to within tenths of seconds of arc (one tenth of a second is one 36,000th of a degree).
	www.dudleyobservatory.org /Artifacts/artifacts_meridian.htm (602 words)

	Astronomy
		Astronomy, in the real sense, started among the Arabs during the early period of the Abbasid Caliphate.
		It was during the reign of Mamun, that practical steps were taken for the advancement of astronomy and several observatories equipped with the latest instruments were set up at various places in his domain.
		Mamun got a degree of meridian measured in the plain of Sanjar and followed a method which was much superior to that of Greeks.
	www.netmuslims.com /info/astronomy.html (2129 words)

	Astronomy Without a Telescope
		Any celestial object crossing the meridian is at its highest altitude (distance from the horizon) during that night (or day).
		In the morning the Sun is ``ante meridiem'' (Latin for ``before meridian'') or east of the meridian, abbreviated ``a.m.''.
		At local noon the Sun is right on the meridian (the reason why this may not correspond to 12:00 on your clock is discussed a little later in this chapter).
	www.astronomynotes.com /nakedeye/s4.htm (1466 words)

	Zoom Astronomy Glossary: A
		For example, latitude is the angular distance north or south of the equator measured in degrees, and longitude is the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian (which goes through Greenwich, England), measured in degrees.
		Astronomy is the scientific study of space, including the planets, stars, galaxies, comets, and nebulae.
		Astrophysics is a branch of astronomy that studies the physical properties of celestial bodies and other matter and energy in space.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/astronomy/glossary (4930 words)

	History of Astronomy and Space Physics Department
		Astronomy Department was found in Kyiv University in 1834 together with other twelve departments of the Faculty of Philosophy.
		At that time M.Khandrikov was skilled observer, recognized specialist in the field of theoretical astronomy, had an experience of lecturing at Moscow University, knew most of European observatories and their equipment.
		M.Khandrikov was a founder of Kyiv school of theoretical astronomy, he proposed new methods of planets' and comets' orbits determination.
	space.univ.kiev.ua /history.html (1014 words)

	Aspects of Astronomy
		Astronomy books now include detailed pictures of bodies that were only smudges in the largest telescopes for generations.
		Additionally, the balance of the radio astronomy receiver is designed such that the internal noise is cancelled out.
		This means that galaxies have a history, which we can probe either by investigating the makeup of a galaxy in detail, or in a kind of fossil probe unique to astronomy, look at galaxies so distant that the light we observe left them when they were much younger than they are "today".
	www.terra.es /personal/rubenlop/misc/aspects.htm (22716 words)

	Field astronomy and triangulation
		In regards to field astronomy, we will explain the basic elements of field astronomy and the use of different kinds of time-such as solar time, zone time, and Greenwich mean time-in determining direction from celestial observations.
		In other words, when the mean sun is on a particular meridian, it is noontime along that meridian, not yet noon at any point west of that meridian, and already past noon at any point east of that meridian.
		Each time meridian runs through the center of its time zone, which means that the zone extends for 7°30' on each side of the meridian.
	www.tpub.com /inteng/15.htm (707 words)

	Meridian Magazine : : What Every Mormon Should Know About Astronomy
		While the spring festival at the meridian, or midpoint, of the year symbolizes the first coming of Christ at the meridian of time, the larger celebration in the fall apparently symbolizes events pertaining to His second coming.
		Because the Hebrew day begins about sunset, the morning sacrifice was near the meridian of the 24-hour Hebrew day, and the afternoon sacrifice was near the end of the day.
		The ancients tracked the paths of seven heavenly "wanderers" who made their way around our sky-the sun, the moon, and the five visible planets (for which our days of the week are named).
	www.meridianmagazine.com /sci_rel/000512astronomy.html (4044 words)

	Lesson 3 - The Earth's Motion
		When thinking about astronomy, one thing to keep clear in your mind is whether you are thinking about the sky's image or the image of the sky that you have from your current location.
		Meridian is a great circle on the celestial sphere that passes through your zenith and also through both celestial poles.
		Your meridian is important in observational astronomy because it allows you to determine when a star or planet will be directly south or north of your zenith.
	www.synapses.co.uk /astro/earthmot.html (4539 words)

	Meridian - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Meridian (TCM): an important concept in traditional Chinese medicine.
		Meridian was a comic book published by CrossGen in the early 2000s, and was the name of a city-state in that comic.
		Meridian is the Capital of Nosgoth in the Legacy of Kain Series of Games.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Meridian (198 words)

	Open Course : Astronomy : Introduction : Lecture 2 : Motion of Stars and Sun
		The celestial meridian is a semicircle connecting the celestial poles and passing through a particular point on the celestial equator called the vernal equinox (defined below).
		Note that the horizon, zenith, and meridian are fixed relative to the observer; hence the stars and sun will move past them with time.
		The Introduction to Astronomy Webbook is catalogued in the Gateway, and Scott R. Anderson is a member of the GEM Consortium.
	www.opencourse.info /astronomy/introduction/02.motion_stars_sun (2368 words)

	History - Expeditions - Arc of the meridian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		It was because of his proven competence and wide knowledge that when he later made an error in one of his major geodetic measurements, men of the calibre of Maclear and Herschel went to enormous lengths to discover how the calculations of such an expert could possibly have gone wrong.
		Firstly, a Southern Arc of the Meridian was needed to complement the measurements already made in the Northern Hemisphere to determine the exact shape of the Earth.
		His measurement of the Arc of the Meridian rounded off La Caille's work at the Cape and on Thursday 8 March 1753; he sailed for Mauritius aboard the French ship Le Puisieux, none too elated, it is said, by the fact that he was not going straight home to France.
	www.saao.ac.za /assa/html/his_-_expeditions_-_arc_of_the.html (3783 words)

	Radio Astronomy and Sun-Spots (Evidence series)
		Obviously, the astronomical unit of time, the mean solar second, needs to be thought of as invariable if it is to possess the fundamental importance it is expected to have in all the physical sciences.
		For this reason, and because time is determined by observation of stars across the meridian, astronomy pays due regard to the displacement of the meridian caused by a movement of the pole at right angles to it.
		This being granted, astronomy will be seen to be more than a secular science, just as the Zodiac is a mystery to all but the initiated.
	www.wisdomworld.org /additional/ExtensionsOfEvidence-Series/RadioAstronomySunSpots.html (901 words)

	AllRefer.com - meridian circle (Astronomy, General) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - meridian circle (Astronomy, General) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Astronomy, General > meridian circle
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on meridian circle
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-meridian-c.html (119 words)

	Classical Observation Techniques [RU 9534] - Smithsonian Videohistory Collection
		In order to fulfill its objective, the USNO engaged in meridian astronomy and astrometric studies, which provided a fundamental frame of reference whereby the many motions of the earth in space and its position in time could be determined against a celestial reference frame.
		After receiving his B.S. in 1964 and M.S. in 1967 in astronomy from Case Institute of Technology, Geoffrey Douglass accepted the position of astronomer at USNO in 1967.
		Dennis Dean McCarthy was awarded his B.S. in astronomy from Case Institute of Technology in 1964 and his M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in 1970 and 1972, respectively.
	www.si.edu /archives/ihd/videocatalog/9534.htm (1010 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		] The arc of the celestial equator, or the angle at the celestial pole, between the lower branch of the local celestial meridian and the hour circle of the mean sun, measured westward from the lower branch of the local celestial meridian through 24 hours.
		] The arc of the celestial equator, or the angle at the celestial pole which is between the upper branch of the local celestial meridian and the hour circle of the vernal equinox.
		Time based upon the local meridian as reference, as contrasted with that based upon a zone meridian, or the meridian of Greenwich.
	www.accessscience.com /Dictionary/L/L19/DictL19.html (2606 words)

	IAU Commission 8 Astrometry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Over the years Commission 8 has changed its name from "Meridian Astronomy" to "Positional Astronomy" and to the present "Astrometry".
		The IAU Commission 8 "Astrometry" coordinates all aspects of positional astronomy which involve positions, proper motions, and parallaxes of celestial objects.
		This effort is led by the IAU Scientific Division I "Fundamental Astronomy".
	www.pha.jhu.edu /iau_comm8/comm8.html (156 words)

	Astrology Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		MERIDIAN: A GREAT CIRCLE, specific to a location on earth, perpendicular to the Horizon, intersecting it at its north and south points and passing through the Nadir and Zenith.
		The Sun is on the meridian at apparent Noon.
		Perpendicular to the plane of the meridian, it passes through the East Point, Zenith, West Point, and Nadir of a particular location at right angles to the Meridian.
	www.panplanet.com /library/dict.htm (8874 words)

	Positional Astronomy: <br>Sidereal Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The star shown is on the meridian at midnight by the clock.
		the same star is on the meridian at 6 p.m.
		We need to choose one particular meridian to act as a reference point; we choose Greenwich.
	star-www.st-and.ac.uk /~fv/webnotes/chapter6.htm (438 words)

	Week 6 Readings
		Of principal concern was the preservation of English naval superiority, with the attendant goals of reducing risk to colonial expeditions, mapping unexplored waters, and retrieving sunken treasures which were all important to growing mercantile interests.
		Old questions about Airy's obsession with positional astronomy as a help or a hindrance to the growth of astronomy in Britain can be more profitably rephrased in terms of institutional survival strategies and the art of designing a productive rather than a deadend research niche.
		These systemic changes in the practice of astronomy at Greenwich made it possible for Airy to delegate what he defined as the tedium of "mere" observation and computation to lower-level staff in order to devote his own time to tasks more demanding of his specialized training.
	eee.uci.edu /clients/bjbecker/ExploringtheCosmos/week6a.html (2952 words)

	John P. Pratt Bibliography
		The Jubilee Calendar is proposed as a restoration of an ancient inspired version, with evidence that it is used by the Lord for many sacred events.
		Abraham's great vision on astronomy revealed the design of the heavens and can be summarized as three truths.
		Divine calendars indicate precise birth dates for Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Rebekah, and Jacob, as well as for the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, resolving the long-standing question of whether or not Noah and Abraham were contemporaries.
	www.johnpratt.com /biblio.html (2521 words)

	Astronomers-Zoom Astronomy Glossary
		Maria Mitchell (August 1, 1818 -June 28, 1889) was the first woman Professor of Astronomy of the United States.
		Reber's work led to many developments in radio astronomy; he made the first radio maps of the sky and showed that the brightest areas corresponded to the center of the Milky Way.
		He was a great popularizer of astronomy, was also involved in many NASA flights and SETI, and he pioneered the field of exobiology.
	www.allaboutspace.com /subjects/astronomy/glossary/Astronomers.shtml (6017 words)

	History - Astronomers - Lacaille (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		As it was, he showed later generations how to set about an intensive observing programme and his diligence in pursuing it, has become legendary.
		The excellent work that that he did on the survey of the coastline and arc of meridian got Lacaille admitted to the French Academy of Sciences.
		Scientists knew from measurements and Newton's theory of gravity that the earth is round and a bit flattened at the Poles).
	www.saao.ac.za /assa/html/his-astr_-_lacaille.html (1267 words)

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