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Topic: Merimde

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	Summary
		Merimde Beni Salama was contemporary with the Faiyum and El Omari at different stages of its evolution, and shares with them a number of features.
		Socially, unlike the Faiyum, Merimde was certainly a permanent agricultural settlement, and the dead were buried formally but simply in abandoned areas of the settlement, which represents a higher level of social sophistication than that of the Faiyum.
		Merimde shows the expected mix of increasing social sophistication that usually accompanies increasing control over the land and the ongoing exploitation of permanent territories.
	www.faiyum.com /html/summary.html (3918 words)

	2
		However, it is apparent that in later levels Merimde was a much more substantial and permanent settlement with a great amount of time and labor going into constructing the habitation structures and supporting a much larger population, estimated by Hassan (1988) to have been between 1300 and 2000 people.
		This is seen, for example, at Merimde where later levels have a more orderly arrangement and the storage pits are separated from the main habitation areas.
		Artifactually, this is indicated by the strong similarities in lithic content between the Fayum and Merimde for example, and also by the distribution of certain ceramic wares in the south (Badarian).
	www.acagle.net /dissertation/chapter2.html (11758 words)

	Neolithic Cairo
		Merimde was founded high ground on the Low-Desert between semi-arid desert and the Nile floodplain, and consists of up to 2m cultural debris, representing a lifetime of some 600 years, and with a considerable population.
		Merimde shares with the Faiyum sites a number of key differences from the Epipalaeolithic, which suggest that it may be intrusive — for example a bifacial chipped stone technology.
		People at Merimde were evidently become more sedentary and organised and were beginning to take on early forms of some of the characteristics visible in later agricultural communities.
	www.faiyum.com /html/neolithic_cairo.html (8430 words)

	Merimde Beni-Salam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Besides growing grains, residents of Merimde reared cattle, goats, and pigs.
		Some scholars believe that the pear shaped flint mace heads were used not for the killing of animals, but for the use on other humans, and believed that Merimde may have been at conflict with a neighboring community.
		Instead of interring the dead in large, organized cemeteries, the bodies were buried inside the settlement, mainly in the unoccupied sections of the town.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/egypt/archaeology/sites/merimdebeni.html (345 words)

	HHF Factpaper: Egypt and the Semites; The Pre-Dynastic Period
		In its general aspects, Merimde seems more like a village of sturdy yeoman farmers than a collection of peasants subject to the whims, avarice, and authority of a powerful man or a government, although some cooperative efforts (if not collectivization of food-producing tasks) are recalled by the threshing floors up to 13 feet in diameter.
		Merimde's pottery, while technically advanced for its time, was plain and practical, "a theme which sets apart this and later Delta sites from the ornament-ridden and display-oriented culture of Upper Egypt.
		Skeletons found at Merimde, El Omari and Ma'adi suggest that the peoples of the Ptredynastic Delta were taller and more sturdily built than the inhabitants of Upper Egypt, and their skulls were broader.
	www.hebrewhistory.info /factpapers/fp010-1_egypt.htm (6399 words)

	Egyptian history, gods, pyramids, hieroglyphs and pharaohs.
		Archaeology in Egypt has revealed habitats (map at right) and even large towns that had their own typical pottery, tools, weapons, burial customs etc. An example of this is the northern town of Merimde with a population of several thousands living as peasants and hunters.
		Merimde had similarities to other centres in the east Mediterranean coastal area, but compared to the south, in what was to be Upper Egypt, they were quite different.
		The inhabitants of Merimde made non-decorated pottery and buried their dead within the settlement without any gifts or offerings.
	www.nemo.nu /ibisportal/0egyptintro/2aegypt/2amain.htm (9461 words)

	youregypt.com forum :: View topic - Pre-dyanstic Egypt
		Fayum and Khartoum share many similarities such as: the presence of amazon-stone beads, the use of fire pits and hearths, the absence of cemetaries, the possible eventual domestication of animals, the burnishing of pottery, and the flaking and partial grinding of stone celts.
		Carbon-14 dates for Fayum, Merimde, and especially Khartoum, are criticized and the authors propose that the sites actually date earlier than the results.
		The Fayum Neolithic is contemporary with the Neolithic culture of Merimde and is in many ways connected with it (compare a map of African Neolithic cultures).
	www.youregypt.com /forum/viewtopic.php?t=401 (4070 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Heritage \| Dig days: Mixing with mummies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		At that time, I was planning to excavate at Merimde Beni Salama in the Delta, one of the most important pre-historic sites in Egypt.
		Merimde is the oldest known Ancient Egyptian community (dating back to some 5,000 years ago) and it is the first settlement in the country to have practised agricultural food production.
		At the conference, I remember showing my plan for the excavation to Manfred Bietak, one of the most important archaeologists in the field.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/710/he2.htm (687 words)

	GateWorld - Books: Resistance
		She had reported on the human activities on Ballas to the Clan Paramounts on the planet Merimde.
		They have realized that when Abydos was under attack by Hathor, she had managed to cut off a StarGate connection to initialize her own, which means that there has to be some way to cut off the connection that the enemy forces on Ballas have established between their unknown world (Merimde) and Ballas.
		First is Merimde, the planet that Sekhmet escaped to near the end of Reconnaissance.
	www.gateworld.net /books/resistance.shtml (1770 words)

	Ancient Egypt - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Several sites in that area show evidence of agriculture by around 5000 bc.
		Merimde, at the Nile Delta’s western border, may have been almost as old, and a settlement at Buto appears to date from around 4500 bc.
		The style and decoration of the pottery found at these sites differ from those of pottery found in Upper Egypt.
	encarta.msn.com /text_461511156___3/Ancient_Egypt.html (3697 words)

	[No title]
		The Fayum A and Merimde sites (ca 5000-3500 BC) were mostly excavated long ago and not well in described in the literature.
		Merimde burials were in small clusters scattered through the village rather than the large isolated cemeteries of Upper Egypt.
		Omari shows little change from the earlier settlements apart from a lessening dependency on hunting/gathering and accompanying greater use of agriculture and domesticated animals that include pig as well as the usual sheep goat and cattle shown by corrals near the site and many large storage bins.
	www.unm.edu /~gbawden/328-egpre1/328-egpre1.htm (1482 words)

	art appreciation - Krifyblogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Stone tools remain significant components of the material culture, but tools of bone and ceramic vessels are now used as well.
		At the site of Merimde Beni Salama in the Delta, a representation of a human face is the earliest known example of sculpture from ancient Egypt.
		Although most sites of this period are cemeteries located in the low desert of the Nile valley proper, the Delta site of Merimde Beni Salama is the largest known in Egypt from this time.
	www.blogs.krify.com /artappreciation/6215 (970 words)

	Man and his Gods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Close by in the Fayum a related people had domesticated swine, cattle, sheep and goats, learned to hunt with bows and arrows, to fish with hooks and harpoons, and to cultivate emmer wheat and barley identical with modern species.
		At Merimde, in the delta, a third culture had added miniature celts or stone axes to their art; these were pierced for suspension on necklaces and unquestionably served as amulets.
		No graves have been found at Fayum, but the peoples of Tasa and Merimde buried their dead, though apparently without grave offerings.
	www.cp-tel.net /ourhouse/lukes_land/mahg/ch01/1.2.asp (828 words)

	Predynastic and Protodynastic Egypt: A Model of State Formation
		Another important Lower Egyptian Neolithic culture flourished at Merimde Benisalame, NW of Cairo (4900-4400 or 5000-4100 BC).
		As the Fayum A, these peoples practised breeding and agriculture (using mat-lined and big-pottery underground-silos), but they also exploited the savannah and marshes game: antelopes, gazelles, birds, turtles, fishes, hippopotami.
		On the other hand there seems to be a prevailing African-substratum current in the southern areas like Oases, Nabta Playa (Cattle cult, megalithic alignments; the Playas' Neolithic, which we cannot discuss here, had a prominent role in the series of relations between Western Desert and Nile Valley), Upper Nile Valley and also Eastern Desert.
	xoomer.alice.it /francescoraf/hesyra/synthesis.htm (3497 words)

	Prehistory
		Merimde Beni-Salame is an archaeological site placed ca.
		The Merimde is considered by some scholars to be older than Fayum A. The oldest date obtained for the layer I is 5890±60 B.P and the latest from layer V is V 5590±60 B.P. One can assume that this complex was developing in first half of Vth millennium ca.
		El Omari is a complex of archaeological sites north of Heluan and named after Egyptian geologist Amin el-Omari who discovered it.
	www.narmer.pl /main/chr_pre_en.htm (852 words)

	Thomas Hikade
		However, since Ancient Egypt had contacts with her neighbours from the Neolithic on (6th millennium BC) it cannot be seen as isolated.
		These early contacts can be seen in certain ceramic types from the Neolithic settlement of Merimde Benisalame in the western Nile Delta.
		Later during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, Egypt became more and more involved economically with settlements along the Levantine coast well as in Lower Nubia, which is today's northern Sudan.
	cnrs.arts.ubc.ca /index.php?id=3486 (1309 words)

	youregypt.com forum
		Some scholars believe that the pear shaped flint mace heads were used not for the killing of animals, but for the use on other humans, and believed that Merimde may have been at conflict with a neighboring community. The Merimde funerary culture was quite different than that of other predynastic sites.
		The authors hope this will influence future research. The survey of predynastic Egypt is separated into four chronological groups: Neolithic, Badarian, Naqada I (Amratian) and Naqada II (Gerzean).
		They finish the survey with an overview of the Naqada cultures. Throughout the article, Arkell and Ucko list problems caused by the lack of excavations.
	www.youregypt.com /forum/rss.php?t=401 (3287 words)

	The Idol Hands of Death
		Fertility rites associated with the flooding of the Nile feature prominently in their religion, and they believe in an afterworld and personal gods.
		Remains: Settlements and cemeteries of the Tasian and Merimde cultures.
		King Menes (who may be the historic Pharaoh Narmer) unites Upper and Lower Egypt, and Memphis becomes his capital.
	home.comcast.net /~diewald/idol_hands/egypt_history.html (1135 words)

	Egyptology News» Blog Archive » Cairo’s Museum doesn’t match majesty of treasures
		As you wander around the Egyptian Museum, you can see plenty of ways in which that much, and much more, might be spent".
		Two of the objects that the article describes as particularly easy to miss are the Narmer palette and the model human head from Merimde.
		This entry was posted on Sunday, August 28th, 2005 at 4:03 am and is filed under Uncategorized.
	touregypt.net /TEBlog/egyptologynews/?p=267 (298 words)

	Baxter's EduNET - Time Machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Badari, Merimde and Nagada cultures (consisting of groups of farming villages) along the lower Nile, merge to form the two kingdoms of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.
		Kings Narmer and Aha in one of the first known wars united the two kingdoms around 2850BC.
		Trade in olive oil, wine and pottery well established along the Mediterranean coast and major rivers.
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/timemachine/5000med.html (153 words)

	Urban Life of the Archaic Egyptians
		The first known settlement in Egypt (ca 4,750 bce) was at Merimde Beni Salama, on the western edge of the Delta.
		An ordered street pattern and numerous public granaries were also found.
		This settlement is considered to have been a simple rural community unlike the settlement found at Ma'adi, south of Merimde Beni Salama, which is considered to have been a merchant town.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/4254 (340 words)

	river
		Now that we have established in general terms the changes which took place as a result of the Agricultural Revolution, we will spend the rest of the semester looking at specific and distinct examples of "civilized" life, tracing the similarities and the very obvious differences in how humans responded to this revolutionary settled lifestyle.
		The first agricultural communities took root near accessible and reliable water sources, cities such as Tell Halaf, Jericho, Merimde and Anyang.
		The most dramatic areas of growth took place in substantial river valleys where large numbers of people settled.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /distance/hist151/river.htm (681 words)

	Merimde Beni-Salama--oldest pre-dyanstic site in Lower Egypt - EgyptSearch Forums
		Merimde Beni-Salama--oldest pre-dyanstic site in Lower Egypt - EgyptSearch Forums
		Topic: Merimde Beni-Salama--oldest pre-dyanstic site in Lower Egypt
		posted 23 May 2005 04:04 PM Merimde Beni-Salama
	www.egyptsearch.com /forums/Forum8/HTML/002026.html (371 words)

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