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Topic: Merle (coat colour in dogs)

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	Merle (coat colour in dogs) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Merle is a colour combination in dogs’ coats.
		Merle is actually a heterozygote of an incomplete dominance gene.
		In January 2006, scientists at Texas AandM University announced the discovery of the mobile genetic unit, a retrotransposon, responsible for the merle mutation in dogs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Merle_(coat_colour_in_dogs) (219 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Coat colour in dogs: identification of the Merlelocus in the Australian shepherd breed
		Merle is found throughout the body except on the pheomelanic regions of the fl and tan coat colour (Figure 1A, 1B).
		It was proposed that the merle coat colour may be due to a transposable element, after the observation of two germinal reversions out of 66 merle offspring of a homozygous merle female [20].
		In the dog region, 99 genes are predicted and 48 are known (Broad1), in the human region, 134 genes are predicted and 98 are known (NCBI 35), and in the mouse region, 112 genes are predicted and 95 are known (NCBI M34) [27].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1746-6148/2/9 (4184 words)

	VITA-TECH
		Canine coat colour is determined by the expression of a specific combination of genes.
		If the basic colour of the dog is fl, the effect of the merle gene is a soft gray, often referred to as “blue”.
		It is suspected that the DNA sequence of the merle allele in the cryptic is shorter than the allele expressed in the typical merle dog.
	www.vita-tech.com /diseasesinseason_profile.cfm?id=merle (894 words)

	Merle Chihuahuas- time to call a halt#Mar 2005
		Coat colour in the Chihuahua is quite complex because a range of colours is acceptable in both varieties.
		Merle is a gene that causes patches of lighter colour (usually greyish blue) to appear in the coat.
		The KC should ban merle as a colour in Chihuahuas and not register any merles on the grounds that it is a serious defect but also because any merle Chihuahuas may have false pedigrees later back if the crossing with Dachshunds is how the gene was introduced.
	www.pedigreedogs.co.uk /k9bytes/merle.htm (917 words)

	Coat
		To breed the recessive colours with some certainty it is desirable that the sire or dam is phenotypical of the desired colour ie: blue or fawn.
		Regarding the colour "Cream" this colour also exists within a very limited number of ANKC dogs, however, since "Cream" as a colour is a dilution of Fawn, and a extreme expression and interrelation of the alleles on A & E Loci and possible the C Loci "Ceay".
		As I mentioned earlier the influences on coat colour are not confined by pure genetics however given the current gene pool aesthetically poor coats are becoming an issue in the ANKC registered Kelpie's and the options to address the issue at hand are becoming limited.
	www.geocities.com /mimbil_kennels/Coat.html (1829 words)

	The WA Chihuahua Club Inc. Web Site
		That is, merle small dogs are not purebred chihuahuas, they are cross-breeds, mongrels, and cannot be registered with the state canine associations.
		The merle gene is in fact a modifying gene (Whitney 1971;192), that is, it genetically alters and lightens dark coloured coats as well as the pigment in the iris of the eye and the middle ear (Lambert 2004).
		These researchers consider that breeding with the merle factor should be restricted to scientific purposes where it might be useful in examining depigmentary disorders in man such as the Klein-Waardenburg syndrome associated with eye and ear defects (Willis 1989;228/9).
	www.istnet.net.au /~wachiclub/MerleMongrels.htm (1216 words)

	[No title]
		Flair is a merle with one non-merle parent and is therefore a heterozygote for merle.
		The merle pattern is inherited in dogs with a heterozygous genotype.
		The dog on the left is an interesting example of how this coat color pattern appeared to affect eye color since the right eye is blue and accompanied by a large white patch on that side of her face and her left eye is amber and accompanied by a merle patch.
	homepage.usask.ca /~schmutz/merle.html (954 words)

	American Pit Bull Terrier Network Merle and the Pit Bull
		The merle gene when heterozygous Mm (only one copy of the gene) on an otherwise fl dog produces a blue merle which is phenotypically a bluish gray dog that is dappled with full color fl spots.
		The merle allele is considered to be caused by a transposon or transposable element.
		The merle locus is autosomal (not carried on one of the sex chromosomes) acting as a dominant mutation (it is expressed in all dogs that carry this gene).
	www.apbtconformation.com /merle.htm (1760 words)

	merlegenetics
		The dominant gene M produces dilution of dark coat colour in a blotched or patched pattern.
		If present in a red or sable, the merle is often observd in the grey puppy coat when the pup is in the nest, but may be totally masked in the adult red dog.
		Although the colour of all the ancestors of these dogs are not known, there are no obvious blue dogs for several generations.
	www.cardicommentary.de /genetics/merlegene.htm (740 words)

	untitled
		Merle in dogs produces a characteristic increase in white areas and areas of reduced pigment, with patches of mid-tone and full pigment when the dog is a heterozygote.
		Merling has quite a bit of natural variation, and ideally merles would be BAER and CERF tested (especially by those advocating their breeding) to ascertain the extent of their sensory deficits.
		Dogs which are fl, or fl with white trim, have always been a by-product of Harlequin breeding, and breeding such "harl fl" Danes to Harlequins has always been a preferred breeding as it avoids the production of so-called white Danes which are typically defective as they are double merles (MM white merles).
	www.chromadane.com /2004CoatColor.htm (7491 words)

	bluemerles
		At that time the colour had all but died out and it is thanks to her hard work that we now have the colour at all.
		Gray showed interest in the colour, the only person who had any was the late Miss Wylie of the Geler prefix who never sold any of her dogs or let anyone use them at stud and after the war it was thought that the blue merle gene had become extinct.
		She mentioned to the owner of the dog that if he was mated to a tricolour bitch he could produce blue merles.
	www.cardicommentary.de /Coloursandcoats/BlueMerles.htm (1488 words)

	The English Cocker Coat: Colors and Patterns
		Lemon is a red/orange dog (ee) that also has the loci for liver (bb.) So a lemon must have have two recessives, the one that gives the red color (ee) and the one that gives the liver color (bb.) The two recessives lighten the coat color to lemon.
		The nature of the coat pattern and the progressive development of dark hair in a light area is unclear and still in debate.
		A dog may produce a tan without showing tan marking if it has recieved one (at) from a parent and is mated to another dog with the (at) as well.
	www.ecsca.org /ecscoat.html (1420 words)

	Sheltie coat color genetics [Athro, Limited]
		Thus the coat colors and markings of the Sheltie and the Collie are similar.
		Here we describe what is known about Sheltie coat color genes, and present an interactive coat color calculator that lets you choose the parent's coat colors and see what colors of offspring you could get.
		Merle is a pattern gene that dilutes dark coat colors, usually in a splotchy pattern.
	www.athro.com /evo/gen/sheltie.html (1497 words)

	colours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Golden colour should be in a range of light-golden and dark-mahogany (which is often misjudged by laics as Tri-colour).
		Blue merle and Bi-blue colour coat is, similarly to golden colour, “maturing” as the dogs are getting older; their coat is becoming properly coloured.
		Unlike white-coloured dog, extreme mottled dog (sometimes called as Colour-headed white) is basically normally breeded dog (Bi- or Tri-colour or Blue merle dog) with large amount of white colour.
	www.volny.cz /shelties/english/colours.htm (462 words)

	Harger Chihuahuas
		All breeds carry the merle gene but most have the non merle M+ in duplicate and are thus homozygous for non merle.
		Merle to merle would be MMM+ to MMM+ which would give rise (in large numbers) 25% MMMM 50% MMM+ and 25% M+M+ and clearly there are serious problems with the 25% homozygous merles.
		This means that the long held belief that MMMM dogs had problems but not MMM+ is not true and thus merle is a gene that would be best eliminated as a defect and certainly not introduced to new breeds where it does not really exist such as the Chihuahua.
	www.hargerchihuahuas.com /Ethics1.htm (3014 words)

	untitled
		Breedings that supposedly have produced "harl from merle" inevitably turn out to have one non-merle parent (who contributes the Harl gene) or a "merle" parent that has been misidentified (usually a nearly white dog, so hard to accurately identify--which is a hint to why these animals are disqualified under the breed standard).
		Merles are routinely born to harls, as are various other mismarks, including white merles (MM) also known as (deaf) white danes.
		Merles LACK the necessary genetics on their own to produce harls: noone has ever documented a merle to merle breeding that produced harls.
	www.chromadane.com /harl2merle.htm (7301 words)

	Deaf dogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		While, as in Danes, Dobermans, and other breeds, a pure white coat indicates albinism and possibly deafness and sight deficiency, a white coat in the German Shepherd Dog is not a new mutation but a normal coat type that has been around since the breed was established in Germany.
		The reason they are not allowed in conformation in the United States is because, in Germany, as the breed was developing, some dogs were being found that had paler coats than was desired.
		Misunderstanding the genetics of the GSD, fanciers blamed the white dogs for causing these patterns, and amended their breed standard to exclude all white dogs.
	www.greatdanerescueinc.com /deaf_dogswhyaretheydeaf.htm (581 words)

	Dog Coat Color Genetics
		These are not dogs bred in research colonies, but simply dogs living normal dog lives.
		The research we conduct is not meant to advocate that dog breeders purposefully crossbreed or breed mutants to introduce colors or patterns that were not a tradition in their breed.
		Our research is meant to help dog breeders understand how coat colors and patterns are inherited so that if more than one color variant has been a classic color in their breed, they can plan matings to get pups of one or another color or several if that suits the aims of their breeding program.
	homepage.usask.ca /~schmutz/dogcolors.html (1718 words)

	American Spaniel Club: Views on Merle Cockers
		ASC is responsible for burying the identity of the lethal genes not AKC.
		The good news was, that they had contacted Dr Keith Murphy who had been studying the merle in other breeds (the Chihuhuhua people were amazed to find out that their breed had merle in from the beginning) and had traced it to the SILV gene..and found the merle gene is a very ANCIENT gene.
		If owners of merle cockers would be willing to use their dogs for testing as well as non merle cockers, we could get this done and over with.
	merlecockers.com /ASCviewsonmerle.html (6142 words)

	Dogs - NEWBIE!!
		I think there must be some variation in the breed, since some of the pups in the litter with mine were poofier than others.
		I have 3 dogs 1 dachuhaund/ shih-tzu (joey), 1 dachuhaund (Reesie), and a miniture pintcher/?
		I noticed you have a few different dogs and a few less other pets all of the sudden.
	www.repticzone.com /forums/Dogs/messages/908896.html (748 words)

	Breeding for Colour
		All colour variations, including colour headed white and sable merle, illustrated with colour photographs of Rough and Smooth champions.
		Quick reference genetic colour variations and detailed litter colour expectancy charts.
		â¦ a considerable work on the inheritance of coat colour in the collie with splendid illustrations and lots of diagramsâ¦
	www.collietree.info /breedingforcolour.html (239 words)

	The White Aussies Project - Links
		See also Cocker Spaniels With Merle Coat Pattern for pictures of a merle Cocker
		The Dalmatian Dilemma - White Coat Colour and Deafness
		Inheritance of tweed, a modification of merle, in Australian shepherd dogs
	www.lethalwhites.com /links.html (244 words)

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