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Topic: Merozoite

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	A proteomic view of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle : Nature
		Merozoites are released from an infected erythrocyte, and after a short period in the plasma, bind to and invade new erythrocytes.
		Several proteases expressed in the merozoite and trophozoite fractions, and not involved in haemoglobin digestion, may be important in parasite release at the end of schizogony, invasion of the new cell, or merozoite protein processing.
		Merozoites were prepared essentially as described in ref. 36, using highly synchronized schizonts and purifying the merozoites by passage through membrane filters.
	www.nature.com /uidfinder/10.1038/nature01107 (5327 words)

	Malaria Vaccine Research References
		Vaccine efficacy of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 in malaria-naive, -exposed, and/or -rechallenged Aotus vociferans monkeys.
		Allelic diversity in the merozoite surface protein-1 and epidemiology of multiple-clone Plasmodium falciparum infections in northern Tanzania.
		Sequence diversity of the merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum in clinical isolates from the Kilombero District, Tanzania.
	www.malaria.org /vaccref1.html (1512 words)

	Opsonization and Phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites Measured by Flow Cytometry -- Kumaratilake and ...
		of neutrophil surface-bound merozoites from the merozoites ingested
		Histogram A, neutrophils incubated with merozoites in the absence of opsonin or cytokines.
		of the merozoites, and the extent of merozoite adherence or
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/7/1/9 (2816 words)

	immstr
		The merozoite is the free invasive form of the parasite during the erythrocytic stage.
		Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1) and Apical Merozoite Antigen 1 (AMA1) are among the most widely studied of the Plasmodium surface antigens in vaccine development.
		Apical Merozoite Antigen 1 is a membrane protein produced in the apical organelles of the merozoite.
	www.pasteur.fr /recherche/unites/ImmStr/en/projects/malaria.html (916 words)

	Annual report of Structural Immunology for year 2003
		Plasmodial antigens on the surface of the free parasite, or merozoite, as well as on the surface of the infected red blood cell, are promising vaccine candidates since their can play key roles in biological processes and are accessible to antibodies induced by immune response to the pathogen.
		Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1), one of the most widely studied of the Plasmodium surface antigens, is implicated in the erythrocyte invasion process.
		Apical Merozoite Antigen 1 (AMA1) is a type I membrane protein secreted from the apical organelles to the outer surface of the parasite during invasion.
	www.pasteur.fr /recherche/RAR/RAR2003/print/ImmStr-en.html (1047 words)

	Cellular Localization of Babesia bovis Merozoite Rhoptry-Associated Protein 1 and Its Erythrocyte-Binding Activity -- ...
		Merozoite extracts were preincubated with 1 mg (lane 2), 0.2 mg (lane 3), 0.04 mg (lane 4), and 0.008 mg (lane 5) of MAb 1C1 and 1 mg of control mouse IgG (lane 1).
		merozoites (3, 7, 15, 17) and was detectable as a rhoptry component
		Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 and rhoptry-associated protein 1 are expressed in sporozoites, and specific antibodies inhibit sporozoite attachment to erythrocytes.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/10/5822 (3596 words)

	Merozoite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A merozoite is a daughter cell of a protozoan parasite.
		Merozoites are the result of asexual reproduction (schizogony, merogony).
		In coccidiosis, merozoites form the first phase of the internal life cycle of coccidian.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Merozoite (99 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Interactions between Plasmodium falciparum merozoite and erythrocyte proteins are essential for the parasite's survival.
		Merozoite proteins involved in erythrocyte recognition, binding and invasion are specific targets for the development of effective weapons against malaria (Camus & Hadley 1985, Kochan et al.
		Merozoite surface proteins play an important role in erythrocyte invasion, since they determine the first contact between erythrocyte and merozoite.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc00078 (3156 words)

	Malaria
		Merozoites: several days after the initial infection, some of these sporozoite progeny in the liver enter the bloodstream and infect erythrocytes.
		Fever: the hallmark of malaria; induced when the erythrocytes rupture and merozoites (and possibly an unidentified pyrogen) are released; vasodilation (and hypotension) occurs in response to the high fever.
		The primary goal is to eliminate the merozoite stages and erythrocyte destruction.
	www.kcom.edu /faculty/chamberlain/Website/lectures/lecture/malaria.htm (964 words)

	The Taylor laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Invasion by Plasmodium merozoites is a rapid complex process, involving specific interactions between parasite ligands on the merozoite surface and in the apical organelles, and receptors on the erythrocyte.
		Entry of the merozoite into the erythrocyte is accompanied by release of the contents of the apical organelles.
		Free FCB1 merozoites were labelled with an antibody to PfRH1 (green), which stains the parasite at the apical end away from the nucleus (blue).
	www.gla.ac.uk /centres/wcmp/research/taylor/research.html (720 words)

	Antigens
		During the invasion process, several portions of the 195-kDa merozoite surface protein 1 are shed, leaving a highly conserved 19-kDa C-terminal processing fragment (MSP-1(19)) that contains epitopes targeted by antibodies that inhibit erythrocytic invasion.
		MSP-2 is a second merozoite surface antigen with a molecular size of 45-kDa.
		It thought to be involved in attaching merozoites to erythrocyte receptors via sialic acid during invasion.
	www.brown.edu /Courses/Bio_160/Projects1999/malaria/antgs.html (1578 words)

	Laboratory of Parasitology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This shows that neither the complex process of entry into a red cell nor the intactness of the cell is essential to the differentiation and multiplication of a merozoite; rather it is the milieu in which the merozoite finds itself.
		This membrane is formed when a merozoite enters an erythrocyte and is derived in part from invaginated erythrocyte plasma membrane.
		Since it is known that a single merozoite can give rise in its offspring to male and female gametocytes as well as the asexual forms, there must be some environmental cue.
	www.rockefeller.edu /emeriti/trager/trager-lab.html (414 words)

	Cell Biology of Plasmodium
		The initial interaction between the merozoite and the erythrocyte is probably a random collision and presumably involves reversible interactions between proteins on the merozoite surface and the host erythrocyte.
		The C-terminal fragment is attached to the merozoite surface by a
		For example, RESA is localized to dense granules in merozoites and is transported to the host erythrocyte membrane shortly after merozoite invasion (Culvenor 1991).
	www.tulane.edu /~wiser/malaria/cmb.html (4373 words)

	Disruption of Plasmodium berghei merozoite surface protein 7 gene modulates parasite growth in vivo -- Tewari et al. ...
		that remain as a complex on the surface of the merozoite.
		A single fragment of a malaria merozoite surface protein remains on the parasite during red cell invasion and is the target of invasion-inhibiting antibodies.
		The 22 kDa component of the protein complex on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites is derived from a larger precursor, merozoite surface protein 7.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/105/1/394 (1953 words)

	The Fine Specificity, but Not the Invasion Inhibitory Activity, of 19-Kilodalton Merozoite Surface Protein 1-Specific ...
		Clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with serum antibodies to the 19 kDa C-terminal fragment of the merozoite surface antigen, PfMSP1.
		Antibodies that inhibit malaria merozoite surface protein-1 processing and erythrocyte invasion are blocked by naturally acquired human antibodies.
		Antibodies against merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1(19) are a major component of the invasion-inhibitory response in individuals immune to malaria.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/10/6185 (3303 words)

	MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MALARIA IN CAMEROON. XVIII. POLYMORPHISMS OF THE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MEROZOITE SURFACE ...
		Merozoite surface antigen-2 (MSA-2) is one of the four integral
		Polymorphism of a 35-48 kDa Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen.
		Sequence diversity and molecular evolution of the merozoite surface antigen 2 of Plasmodium falciparum.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/full/70/3/238 (3174 words)

	CiteULike: Antibodies inhibit the protease-mediated processing of a malaria merozoite surface protein. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When merozoites of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are released from infected erythrocytes and invade new red cells, a component of a protein complex derived from the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) precursor undergoes a single proteolytic cleavage known as secondary processing.
		These observations unequivocally demonstrate that the binding of antibody to the COOH-terminal region of MSP-1 on the merozoite surface may not be sufficient to prevent erythrocyte invasion, and show that the interaction of different antibodies with adjacent epitopes within the EGF-like domains of MSP-1 can have distinct biochemical effects on the molecule.
		Inhibition of MSP-1 processing on merozoites may be a mechanism by which protective antibodies interrupt the asexual cycle of the malaria parasite.
	www.citeulike.org /user/ffranca/article/505159 (486 words)

	Brendan Crabb
		Summary: Brendan Crabb is studying merozoite surface proteins, the prime targets of immune responses and the leading vaccine candidates for control of the deadly human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
		Specifically his group is using genetic technologies to study the relative importance of specific merozoite antigens.
		Plasmodium falciparum merozoites are coated by glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, several of which are leading candidates for inclusion in a malaria vaccine.
	www.hhmi.org /research/scholars/crabb.html (200 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The polymorphic merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum is a major asexual blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate (Holder 1996).
		Figure 1- a: structure of the merozoite surface protein-1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum.
		Stable patterns of allelic diversity at the merozoite surface protein-1 locus of Plasmodium falciparum in clinical isolates from southern Vietnam.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc98121 (3364 words)

	NIMR, London :: Parasitology :: Mike Blackman
		We are interested in the molecular mechanisms by which the invasive blood-stage form of the parasite, the merozoite, modifies and enters its host red cell.
		At invasion, several essential merozoite surface proteins are dramatically restructured as a result of proteolytic activity.
		In the case of two merozoite surface proteins known to play a key role in invasion, called MSP1 and AMA1, the proteins are precisely cleaved by a parasite protease called MESH and shed from the merozoite surface.
	www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk /parasitol/blackman (516 words)

	Naturally Acquired Antibody Responses to the C-Terminal Region of Merozoite Surface Protein 1 of Plasmodium vivax in ...
		merozoite invasion in vitro 5, 6, 25 and confer passive
		A single fragment of a malaria merozoite surface protein remains on the parasite during red blood cell invasion and is the target of invasion-inhibiting antibodies.
		Characterization with monoclonal antibodies of a surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/8/1/14 (3630 words)

	Acquired Immune Responses to Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein-1 in the Human Fetus -- King et al. 168 ...
		Characterization of human T- and B-cell epitopes in the C terminus of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1: evidence for poor T-cell recognition of polypeptides with numerous disulfide bonds.
		Mapping of the region predominantly recognized by antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen MSA 1.
		A longitudinal investigation of IgG and IgM antibody responses to the merozoite surface protein-1 19-kilodalton domain of Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women and infants: associations with febrile illness, parasitemia, and anemia.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/168/1/356 (6496 words)

	MPM 2006
		Given the existence of raft-like detergent resistant membranes (DRMs) on the merozoite surface, it is possible that the molecules responsible for these initial erythrocytic interactions are organised by virtue of their DRM associations into complexes that constitute merozoite ligands.
		We have shown that merozoite DRMs are enriched in GPI-anchored surface and associated proteins.
		In addition to the enrichment of established merozoite DRM proteins, almost all species from 5 known merozoite complexes were prominent including the MSP-1/MSP-7, RAP, RhopH and the myosin motor complex.
	www.mbl.edu /mpm/mpm-2006/abstracts/abstract.php?id=151 (305 words)

	A Multigene Family That Interacts with the Amino Terminus of Plasmodium MSP-1 Identified Using the Yeast Two-Hybrid ...
		noncovalently on the surface of the merozoite (13, 21, 22).
		Lewis, A. Cloning and analysis of the gene encoding 230-kilodalton merozoite surface antigen of Plasmodium yoelii.
		The merozoite surface protein 6 gene encodes for a 36-kDa protein associated with the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 complex.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/1/6/915 (5147 words)

	Expression & immunogenicity of malaria merozoite peptides displayed on the small coat protein of chimaeric cowpea ...
		The present study was undertaken to investigate the expression of a B cell epitope from the merozoite surface antigen-1 of the malaria parasite Plasmodiumfalciparum (PfMSP1) in CPMV for an epitope based vaccine.
		We therefore investigated the expression of selected peptides from putative protective malaria merozoite surface proteins in chimaeric CPMV and the ability of chimaeric viruses to elicit antibodies that react with the native antigens.
		Immunisation with an intact merozoite surface coat antigen, PfMSA-1, or its C- and N- terminal fragments protected Aotus and Saimiri monkeys against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria10,11.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3867/is_200309/ai_n9238860 (950 words)

	The cytoplasmic domain of the Plasmodium falciparum ligand EBA-175 is essential for invasion but not protein ...
		merozoites and is also localized in micronemes (Sim et al., 1992).
		The ability to invade neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes is indicative of a switch in invasion to sialic acid independence and loss of EBA-175 function and this loss of function was confirmed directly by measurement of the ability to invade chymotrypsin-treated erythrocytes.
		at the posterior pole of the sporozoite or merozoite for the
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/162/2/317 (6910 words)

	Hartl Lab - Marcelo Urbano Ferreira (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Plasmodium falciparum: sequence diversity and antibody recognition of the merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2) in Brazilian Amazonia.
		Sequence diversity and evolution of the malaria vaccine candidate merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum.
		Mosaic organization and heterogeneity in frequency of allelic recombination of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 locus.
	www.oeb.harvard.edu /hartl/lab/people/marcelo.html (406 words)

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