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Topic: Mersey Railway Tunnel

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	TUNNEL - LoveToKnow Article on TUNNEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As instances of ancient tunnels through soft ground and requiring masonry arching, reference may be made to the vaulted drain under the south-east palace of Nimrod and to the brick arched tunnel, 12 ft. high and 15 ft. wide, under the Euphrates.
		The pair of tunnels for this railway from near the Monuniesit to Stockwell, from 10 ft. 2 in.
		This tunnel is one of fiftytwo single-line tunnels, with a gradient of I in 40, on the main line between Florence and Bologna, built by Thomas Brassey.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TU/TUNNEL.htm (7096 words)

	Mersey Railway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mersey Railway connected Liverpool and Birkenhead via the Mersey Railway Tunnel under the River Mersey from 1886, by 1890 it was carrying 10 million passengers a year.
		In 1891 the tunnel was extended to Liverpool Central station from the original terminus at James Street station, on the Wirral various commuter branch lines were built.
		The tunnel is still in use today by Merseyrail, the total length of the tunnel is now 5029m.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mersey_Railway_Tunnel (133 words)

	Wirral Railway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Wirral Railway (WR) was originally incorporated in 1863 as the Hoylake Railway (HR), with powers to build lines from Birkenhead to New Brighton, and to Parkgate on the western side of the Wirral Peninsula ; the latter line was not built.
		The Wirral Railway became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at the Railways Act 1921 Gouping.
		In 1938 what had been the Wirral Railway was electrified, with trains running to both New Brighton and West Kirby.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wirral_Railway (230 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Mersey Tunnels, England
		Tunnelling began from the Liverpool side on 16 December, 1925, and from Birkenhead on 10 March, 1926.
		The two tunnel projects finally broke through and met on 10 April, 1928, an event that was commemorated by the mayors of Liverpool and Birkenhead shaking hands at the meeting point.
		The completed tunnel (or tunnels, as the tunnel was subdivided in two for traffic going to and from the city centre) was 44 feet in diameter and 2.9 miles long.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/collective/A890606 (1272 words)

	Timbo's Liverpool - River Mersey
		The tunnel carried over 10 million passengers a year, however, many people still looked to the conventional ferry due to the smoke fumes of the railway.
		The tunnel was officially opened by King George V on 18 July 1934 and was named Queensway, in honour of Queen Mary who was also present.
		Twenty five years later, the popularity of the Queensway tunnel and the resulting traffic led to a study which concluded that a second tunnel would be built.
	www.timbosliverpool.co.uk /mersey (628 words)

	River Mersey - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The River Mersey is a river in the north west of England.
		The Mersey is formed from three tributaries : the River Etherow, the River Goyt and the River Tame ; becoming the Mersey near Stockport, Greater Manchester, and joined by the River Irwell near Flixton.
		There is also a railway tunnel dating back to the 1880s, which carries passenger services on the Merseyrail franchise.
	www.free-definition.com /Mersey.html (289 words)

	[No title]
		The tunnel is lined throughout with very solid brickwork, some of which is, 18 inches thick (composed of two layers of blue and two of red brick), and toward the river this brickwork is increased to a thickness of six rings of bricks--three blue and three red.
		The form of the tunnel is semicircular, the arch having a 13 ft. radius, the side walls a 25 ft. radius, and the base a 40 ft. radius.
		The Mersey Tunnel scheme may now be looked upon as an accomplished work, and there is little doubt its value as a commercial medium will be speedily and fully appreciated upon completion.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/etext05/8038410.txt (19833 words)

	Liverpool - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The origins of the city are usually dated from August 1207 when letters patent were issued by King John advertising the establishment of a new borough at Liverpool, and inviting settlers to come and take up holdings there.
		There are three tunnels under the River Mersey : one railway tunnel, the Mersey Railway Tunnel, and two road tunnels, Queensway Tunnel and Kingsway Tunnel.
		There is also the Mersey Ferry, made famous by the song Ferry Cross the Mersey by Gerry and the Pacemakers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liverpool (2698 words)

	Institute of Railway Studies & Transport History \| readings: Channel Tunnel
		Between the Thames Tunnel and a tunnel under the Straits of Dover, uniting England with the Continent by continuous land communication, there is, however, an almost immeasurable difference.
		We have tunnels through the same stratum, of three to four miles long, constructed by the aid of machinery altogether inferior and inadequate compared with that which is now available, and there can be no reason why one of twenty miles in length should not be made as easily.
		Sir Edward Watkin says that the tunnel will be perfectly ventilated, and we therefore presume that he and his colleagues know of a system which is, at any rate, better than that of the Metropolitan or District, but the question of ventilation is one which may be left for engineers to discuss.
	www.york.ac.uk /inst/irs/irshome/features/readings/archive/tunnel.htm (3072 words)

	Mersey Railway Tunnel Definition / Mersey Railway Tunnel Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Mersey Railway Tunnel, between Liverpool and Birkenhead Birkenhead is a town on The Wirral, Merseyside, on the left bank of the River Mersey, opposite Liverpool.
		The first Mersey ferry began operating from Birkenhead in 1150 when Benedictine monks built a priory there.
		The area was later used for as a sea port and for ship building as it was close to the naval activity of Liverpool....
	www.elresearch.com /Mersey_Railway_Tunnel (153 words)

	Trent & Mersey Canal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Once all the boats are in the tunnel the keeper telephones his colleague at the far end, telling him which boats and how many people are on the way.
		This building houses the ventilation fans which are needed because the tunnel has no air vents.If you want to be sure of catching boats going into this end of the tunnel your best bet is probably to be here at 7.55am.
		There are locks in both directions on the Trent and Mersey and a BW boat yard is on the far side just down from the pub.Directly opposite the pub is the junction onto the Coventry Canal.
	www.canals.btinternet.co.uk /canals/trentmersey.htm (7946 words)

	history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The railway also pioneered huge leaps in suburban railway infrastructure, the most notable being the use of signals that were worked automatically by the passage of the trains.
		The suburban lines into Liverpool were prime targets and the first railway in Britain to convert from steam to electric operation was the Mersey Railway in 1903 when they electrified their line from the city to Birkenhead and Rock Ferry.
		It is a fact that prior to electrification the Mersey Railway were on the verge of bankruptcy due to low patronage caused by the choking atmosphere created by the steam trains in the tunnel under the river.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~gsgleaves/merseyside.htm (701 words)

	Timbo's Liverpool - Liverpool Overhead Railway
		The railway was formally opened by British Prime Minister, the Marquis of Salisbury on Saturday 4 February 1893.
		Underneath this tunnel was a goods yard serving the Cheshire Lines railway system whose railway tunnel was next to and beneath the new railway excavation.
		The railway was unable to continue without the essential repairs and after 63 years in operation, the Railway was closed down on 30th December 1956.
	www.timbosliverpool.co.uk /lor (390 words)

	TRAINS on Railway Parcel Stamps and Railway Letter Stamps of the World
		By 1890 the tunnel was carrying over 10 million passengers a year.
		Railway Letter Stamps of GB I have written more about GB's railway stamps HERE, including an interesting e-mail conversation I had with an expert on the topic.
		As in Australia, modern preservation railways of the UK have issued souvenir labels to promote themselves and generate extra revenue.
	alphabetilately.com /TOC/parcels-5.html (1278 words)

	Liverpool biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan ceremonial county of Merseyside in north west England, on the north side of the Mersey estuary.
		In 1190 it was known as 'liuerpul', meaning a pool or creek with muddy water.
		The origins of the city are usually dated from August 1207 when Liverpool was proclaimed a borough and a port.
	liverpool.biography.ms (1832 words)

	REC Farnborough Trivia Quiz
		165) The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway suffered a tragedy in August when one of its drivers was killed when his train was in collision with a car on a level crossing.
		Railway locomotives built at the same time were also named as a memorial to the dead.
		234) Model railways are sometimes criticised for having tunnels where it appears that the engineers have deliberately made for the only hill in the district.
	www.rec-farnborough.org.uk /trivia_quiz.htm (5578 words)

	The Mersey Tunnel Railway - 191
		Earlier suggestions to build a road tunnel and a bridge had both been unsuccessful and the first road tunnel beneath the Mersey was not opened until 1934.
		Before the Mersey Railway Tunnel was opened ferries were the only means of crossing the River Mersey between Liverpool and Birkenhead.
		Despite some difficulties the Mersey Railway Tunnel was a great success and remains in use to this day.
	www.stevengraphs.com /mertunrail19.html (184 words)

	Transport
		A comprehensive overview of railways throughout the world in their heyday, coloured plates (including 1 folding), lots and lots of b/w photo pictures, figures and maps, 1604pp inc index.
		Tracesd the rise and decline of the railway network in the north-west of County durham from the colliery wagonways of the early 18th century onwards.
		Superbly illustrated will appeal to railway enthusiasts and travellers alike, with a chapter on lines that are now operating as tourist lines and new life on the main lines.
	www.collectinghouse.co.uk /transport.htm (8950 words)

	Nottingham's Lost Railway Heritage
		Watnall tunnel eastern portal itself was heavily overgrown and flooded at the time of visiting and could not be reached.
		The Mansfield and Pinxton railway was opened in 1819 as a horse-worked tramway.
		Before the railways came, the Cromford Canal connected Cromford to the Erewash Canal at Pye Bridge.
	www.leverton.org /tunnels/nottingham (1175 words)

	Mersey Railway
		The Mersey Railway runs in tunnel from Liverpool to Birkenhead and area.
		Electric trains from the British Railways (ex-LMS) Wirral peninsula line, which ran on a 3rd-rail system, also used the tunnel.
		Both Mersey and LMS stock were dual equipped so they could both run over 3 and 4 rail systems.
	www.dewi.ca /trains/liverpoo/mersey.html (261 words)

	Articles - River Mersey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Mersey is formed from three tributaries : the River Etherow, the River Goyt and the River Tame ; becoming the Mersey near Stockport, Greater Manchester.
		The eastern part of this estuary is much affected by silting, and part of it is marked on modern maps as dry land instead of as tidal.
		At the point between the Woodside Ferry Terminal and Albert Dock, the Mersey is 1.2km (0.75 miles) wide.
	www.1-helmets.com /articles/Mersey (283 words)

	UNB Archives & Special Collections-Henry George Clopper Ketchum Virtual Exhibit-Engineering Counterparts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Edwin Clark was also the inventor of the lifting docks to be used on the Chignecto Railway, a Board Member and a Provisional Director of the Chignecto Marine Railway Company.
		Captain Eads was a supporter of the Chignecto Marine Railway and confirmed the validity of Ketchum’s claims in writing to Sir Charles Tupper (then Minister of Railways and Canals in the Canadian Government).
		Keefer was a Provisional Director of the Chignecto Marine Railway Company and also wrote several articles with Ketchum for the Ottawa Free Press and the Montreal Gazette relating to the Chignecto Marine Railway.
	www.lib.unb.ca /archives/ketchum/engineering_counterparts.html (571 words)

	Liverpool
		Liverpool is a city in Merseyside in north west England, on the north side of the Mersey estuary.
		It faces Wallasey and Birkenhead across the River Mersey.
		There are three tunnels under the River Mersey : one railway tunnel, and two road tunnels, Queensway Tunnel and Kingsway Tunnel.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/l/li/liverpool.html (1618 words)

	UrbanRail.Net > Europe > UK > England > LIVERPOOL MERSEYRAIL
		This railway was originally steamed powered, but the underwater tunnel became filled with smoke leading to a most unpleasant ride.
		Apart from the Mersey Railway the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway was also electrifying its suburban routes to the north of Liverpool.
		In 1978 a new north-south tunnel was opened connecting to the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway's electrified lines and was extended south over an abandoned railway, which was reactivated and electrified.
	www.urbanrail.net /eu/liv/liverpool_merseyrail.html (985 words)

	Railway Archive No. 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The cause of this dispute was due to the failure of the Solicitor to the Commissioners, Thomas Woollett to examine the Act for the South Wsales Railway.
		The author notes that for clarity reference is always made to the numbers used by the Mersey Railway and not those used by successor-owners.
		Beyer Peacock supplied two types of locomotive to cope with the extremely severe conditions in the Mersey Tunnel which included gradients of 1 in 27 and the necessity for condensing apparatus: these were 0-6-4Ts and slightly later 2-6-2Ts.
	www.steamindex.com /archive/rly5.htm (834 words)

	Mersey Docks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mersey Docks was connected to Liverpool Edge Hill with a rope hauled railway.
		A Ventilation Shaft for the railway tunnel running between Edge Hill and Wapping Dock.
		The tunnel transferred goods between the national rail network and the rest of the world via Liverpool docks.
	www.hows.org.uk /personal/rail/incline/mer.htm (90 words)

	Railway Archive Issue No. 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Steam Era on the Mersey Railway 1886-1903.
		Proposals for extensions to convey freight and the possible involvement of the MSLR/GCR are also noted The lifts situated in Birkenhead and at St James in Liverpool were originally powered by hydraulics: the tower of the former still exists.
		Some of the steam locomotives passed to the Alexandra Docks Railway and were even incorporated into GWR stock, but only one is shown in this condition, others passed to various colliery lines, and one of these is now preserved.
	www.steamindex.com /archive/rly2.htm (1789 words)

	Liverpool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There are three tunnels under the River Mersey: one railway tunnel, the Mersey Railway Tunnel, and two road tunnels, Queensway Tunnel and Kingsway Tunnel.
		A number of battles for the town were waged during the English Civil War, including an eighteen day siege in 1644.
		Liverpool Castle was built in the 13th century and was removed in 1726.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/li/Liverpool.htm (1731 words)

	Railway World Yearbook 1991 - Boocock, Colin (edited by)
		Railway World Yearbook 1991 - Boocock, Colin (edited by)
		In large format glazed boards are 80 printed pages of text, maps, line drawings and photographs in both colour as well as fl and white.
		Articles include, amongst others, The Mersey Railway Tunnel, Aberdeen Memories and Great Western Compound Locomotives A near fine hardback copy
	www.nenevalley-railwaybooks.co.uk /si/S01052.html (54 words)

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