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Topic: Merthyr Rising 1831

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Merthyr Tydfil

Nathan Jones

History

	MerthyrRising : Archives
		It's generally accepted that the Merthyr Rising of 1831 was in many ways part of the general British struggle for political reform, which would be the basis of a later much stronger Chartist Movement and also part of the struggle to establish Trade Unionism.
		Merthyr Tudful had been in discontent for a long time, particularly since the depression of 1829 with subsequent reform agitation following, not least in the early months of 1831.
		I do not want to dwell much more on repeating the history of the Merthyr Rising as there are a number of books you should read on the subject which will more than inform you of the history but also the differing views as to its nature, form & purpose.
	merthyrrising.blogspirit.com /archive/2006/01/index.html (1342 words)

	Dic Penderyn
		The entire city of Merthyr was linked to the iron works in some way, and so when the demand for iron reduced, the iron masters fired people, and cut the rest of the people's wages.
		Huw Lewis AM said today that the Home Office have agreed to review the evidence in the case of Dic Penderyn, hanged for wounding a soldier during the 1831 Merthyr Rising, who is widely believed to have been the victim of a miscarriage of justice.
		Huw has been examining the evidence presented in the original trial at the Cardiff Assizes in 1831, as part of his campaign to secure a Pardon for Dic Penderyn to mark the Millennium, and believes the verdict could be overturned for a number of reasons.
	website.lineone.net /~sjholcombe/dicp.html (638 words)

	Articles - Merthyr Tydfil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Merthyr Tydfil (Welsh: Merthyr Tudful) is a town and county borough in the traditional county of Glamorgan, south Wales, with a population of about 55,000.
		The riots of 1831 were probably precipitated by the ruthless collection of debts, which caused great poverty and hardship amongst workers affected by lower wages when the iron trade was depressed.
		It is believed that Merthyr Tydfil was the inspiration for many things in J R R Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings novels, including the descriptions of Isengard.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Merthyr_Tydfil?mySession=b3de52f19bf5dda7b39b2ca9b446dd1a (3319 words)

	Walk #174: Pontsticill to Merthyr Tydfil
		I got to Merthyr Tydfil railway station at about the time I expected, and Sam was due to pick me up at midday.
		Merthyr Tydfil, like many of the small Welsh towns, was a small village nestling in the upper Taff Valley until the mid 18th century.
		As part of my attempt to walk to all the County Tops in Britain there are five more county tops in South Wales to be walked to, and Merthyr Tydfil will be a good place to base myself for reaching some of these.
	www.britishwalks.org /walks/2001/174.php (1685 words)

	[No title]
		Against a background of rising prices this caused severe hardship for many of the working people of the area and, in order to survive, many people were forced into debt.
		In April 1831, however, the Bill was defeated in a House of Commons vote, the Government resigned and a new General Election was called to fight on the issue of Parliamentary Reform.
		The rising at Merthyr cause great alarm to the British Government, who feared that the Colliers Union was behind it.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/BobSanders/MTRISING.html (2350 words)

	Speech by Don Touhig MP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Those events in 1831 were a major milestone, and they are part of the proud history of our Labour movement.
		Dic Penderyn and the Merthyr rising struck a great blow against the great interests of that time, in a decade which historians have called Revolution and the rule of law.
		Merthyr in 1831 would recognise the entrenched interests and the selfish elites that deny equality in our workplaces and block progress in our public services.
	www.dontouhig.org.uk /penderyn.htm (1293 words)

	South Wales Paranormal Research - Ghost Tour of Wales - Mid Glamorgan - Merthyr Tydfil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The ghost of a White Lady is said to have haunted a house in this area, to such an extent that it caused the occupiers to move.
		"The A470 on the way to Merthyr is very scary", according to one lady who has written in to the BBC Wales website.
		She reports that her husband has seen a figure on the side of the road and when he looked back it had disappeared.
	www.swpr.co.uk /GhostTourofWales/midglam/merthyr.html (348 words)

	Trades Union Congress - Legendary Irish Band to Set the Undertone for Union Music Festival
		Merthyr Rising is sponsored and produced by the Wales TUC to raise awareness of the benefits of trade unionism and to promote fairness at work, especially amongst younger people.
		'Merthyr Tydfil is the ideal place for the Wales TUC to present a great night of music because in many ways it was the birthplace of the trade union struggle to improve standards at work.
		In 1831, the workers had had enough and marched on Merthyr to be met by the army who killed 20 protesters.
	www.tuc.org.uk /organisation/tuc-8481-f0.cfm (578 words)

	Ray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Merthyr's more than half-dozen chapels were important social and educational centers.(11) Services, with their characteristic choral hymn singing, were conducted entirely in Welsh.
		By 1831 Merthyr's population of 24,000, the largest in Wales,(27) was a roiling mass of discontent as long hours, low wages, child labor, overcrowding, unsanitary housing, disease and child mortality took their toll.(28) Despite the familiar sight of maimed miners, blind harpists and one-legged men,(29) there was
		Merthyr people had a passion for cultivating plants indoors, and no house would be complete without a myrtle in the window and geraniums and such like plants luxuriating in the warmth from the huge fires." Glamorgan Historian IV at 37-38.
	wsa.c.crosslink.net /ray.htm (4684 words)

	walespagina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		After one of their leaders, Edward Morgan, was hanged in 1834 by the authorities, their activities faded considerably, but by that year the Merthyr Rising, with its fearful consequences for its leaders had already taken place.
		Early in 1831, what began as a popular protest against unjust and often deplorable working and living conditions, the Merthyr rising quickly grew into a full-scale, armed rebellion.
		At Merthyr, where iron master William Crawshay had lowered wages, there was a crisis among the shopkeepers and tradesmen, and the Debtor's Court (the Court of Requests) was responsible for a widespread confiscation of working men's property.
	nl.msnusers.com /walespagina/thehistoryofwales16.msnw (1824 words)

	Of Dragons and Daffodils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was the beginning of Merthyr's phenomenal growth as one of the leading iron manufacturing centers of the world.
		The earliest steam locomotive in the world, it was a four-wheeled tramway locomotive that hauled a five wagon load of 10 tons of iron [some sources state 20 tons] and 70 persons at a speed of five miles an hour, for a distance of nine miles.
		Then came the armed insurrection known as the Merthyr Rising in which the red flag of rebellion was raised for the first time in Britain.
	www.welshdragon.net /product_info.php?products_id=330&osCsid=d61d40a24584963875317a08d3fe7aad (4730 words)

	MerthyrRising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Merthyr Rising, 26 Andrews Close, Heolgerrig, Merthyr Tudful.
		A weekend of events to commemorate the 175th anniversary of the 1831 Merthyr Rising next June is being organised by socialists, republicans and others to celebrate the raising of the red flag as a symbol of Welsh workers' revolt for the first time.
		The Merthyr Rising 06 festival will take place from Friday, 2 June, to Sunday, 4 June at venues to be confirmed in the Merthyr area.
	merthyrrising.blogspirit.com (3081 words)

	BBC - History - The Merthyr Rising 1831 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		By 1831, the south Wales coalfield had long had a tradition of industrial unrest.
		Much of the protest was aimed at the untrammelled power of the ironmasters who, in addition to being employers, were also landlords, owners of truck shops, controllers of such local government as existed and, in some cases, members of the local magistrates' bench.
		In 1831, Merthyr experienced the most serious uprising to occur in nineteenth-century Britain.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/timelines/wales/merthyr_rising.shtml (202 words)

	A Welsh Uprising
		After one of their leaders, Edward Morgan, was hanged in 1834 by the authorities, their activities faded considerably, but by that year the Merthyr Rising, with its fearful consequences for its leaders had already taken place.
		Early in 1831, what began as a popular protest against unjust and often deplorable working and living conditions, the Merthyr rising quickly grew into a full-scale, armed rebellion.
		At Merthyr, where iron master William Crawshay had lowered wages, there was a crisis among the shopkeepers and tradesmen, and the Debtor's Court (the Court of Requests) was responsible for a widespread confiscation of working men's property.
	www.dragonontheweb.com /wales12.htm (2041 words)

	Dic Penderyn (Richard Lewis) / 100 Welsh Heroes / 100 Arwyr Cymru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		With the town already a hotbed of political unrest, news that the ironmaster William Crawshay was to cut his workers’ wages was the spark that ignited the flames of rebellion.
		Along with the Newport Rising eight years later, it was one of the most serious violent outbreaks witnessed on mainland Britain.
		Better known as Dic Penderyn, he was originally from Aberavon and was typical of the men who had flocked to Merthyr, then the largest town in Wales, to find work.
	www.100welshheroes.com /en/biography/dicpenderyn (382 words)

	GENUKI:People, Protest and Politics
		S.53Q William Crawshay describes an incident at Merthyr Tydfil in 1831.
		From South Wales and the Rising of 1839.
		From The Rise and Fall of Chartism in Monmouthshire.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/wal/PeopleProt.html (4597 words)

	BBC - History - Early coalfield society 1800 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The coalfield was disturbed by the Scotch Cattle unrest of the 1820s, the Merthyr Rising of 1831 and the Chartist upheavals of 1839.
		Its communities faced life threatening dangers - the perils of the mines and furnaces and the epidemics of congested districts lacking sewerage and clean water, epidemics which were particularly lethal to young children.
		Nevertheless, such were the deprivations of rural life that places like Merthyr attracted a constant stream of migrants from the countryside.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/timelines/wales/coalfield.shtml (258 words)

	Glamorgan snippets [2]
		To celebrate the visit to Merthyr, a cannon was fired off at the nearby lime kilns, which unfortunately resulted in the death of a young boy.
		Clarke's 'A Guide to Merthyr Tydfil and the Traveller's Companion' first published in 1848, the cup from which Nelson drank on his visit to the Star Inn was kept by the licensee as a memento of his visitand could be viewed in the possession of the then landlady of the Star.
		Re; Coal from Merthyr Tydfil to the coast and the competion of Swansea and Llanelli with the port of Cardiff in the 1780's
	home.clara.net /tirbach/HelpPagepearlsGLA2.html (8238 words)

	Independent, The (London): Obituary: Alexander Cordell
		They include, for the most part, marginalised people, victims of their time and place, who nevertheless manage to rise above their circumstances and make their mark on the society by which they are oppressed, albeit as part of the anonymous, and unsung, crowd.
		What has embarrassed some readers is his insistence on introducing romantic interest into his plots, at which he was not adept, and dialogue which, for Welsh readers in particular, is sometimes excruciating in its inversions, phoney idiom and pseudo-poetic lilt.
		Dic Penderyn had gone to the scaffold protesting his innocence and there was widespread sympathy for the view that he had been made a scapegoat by the ironniasters.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19970711/ai_n14123928 (1326 words)

	[Imc-cymru] INSURRECTION 1831 - COMMEMORATION 2006, 175th Anniversary of the Merthyr Commune? La Commune de Paris 1871 ...
		Merthyr Rising 1831 Paris Commune 1871 1831 Merthyr Rising update: The annual Gwyn Alf Williams lecture on the 7th June at St David's Church hall Merthyr Tudful.
		Other than that note the Paris Commune came to it's sad conclusion on 28 May, in 1831 that time in May was witnessing the beginnings of our Welsh Insurrection 1831 with on 31 May 1831 the rising of the Red Flag on Hirwaun Common.
		FOOT NOTE Some have commented that it is ''unusual'' for two known ''Medieval Remembrancers'' to be promoting such as 1831, well you see i was born in Merthyr Tudful with father and grand father miners, so i have ''Coal dust between my toes''.
	lists.indymedia.org /pipermail/imc-cymru/2006-May/0513-2v.html (1467 words)

	Penywern
		After the Merthyr Rising of 1831 soldiers were permanently barracked at Penywern to keep an eye on the growing town of Merthyr Tydfil.
		The famous historian Gwyn Alf Williams was born in Lower Row in a cottage belonging to his grandmother, Mrs Morgan.
		In 2005 the Dic Penderyn Society and the Merthyr Tydfil Heritage Trust erected a plaque on the walls of this property in commemoration of the birth of Gwyn Alf.There was quite a large Spanish community here before the First World War.
	www.alangeorge.co.uk /penywern.htm (542 words)

	Alexander Cordell - Definition, explanation
		Faithful to historical fact, he presents events like the birth of trade unionism and rise of the Chartist movement.
		The "Mortymer Trilogy" is the story of the Mortymer family, commencing in 1826, and tells of the trials of several generations of the family, set against the background of the coal and iron industry.
		It is set against the background of the 1831 Merthyr Rising, for which Cordell did considerable research.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/al/alexander_cordell.php (423 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In April 1831 Grey asked the king to dissolve Parliament so that the Whigs could secure a larger majority in the House of Commons.
		However, the Tories still dominated the House of Lords, and after a long debate the bill was defeated.
		John Doyle produced this cartoon showing John Bull (who represents public opinion) helping Earl Grey against the Duke of Wellington and King William IV (May 1832).
	www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk /vtc/20030127/History/Keystage3/Walesandindustr/TheMerthyrRisin/EarlGreyReformA (231 words)

	Manic Street Preachers Frequently Asked Questions (Where is ..?)
		The Crawshay dynasty thus dictated the living standards of the workforce to the extent that by 1831 the workers of Merthyr Tydfil rose up against the ironmasters.
		The 'Merthyr rallying cry' was heeded by near neighbours and fellow sufferers in Hirwaun and Aberdare.
		A meeting was held on Hirwaun Common, land which today belongs to Tower Colliery, and plans were made to march on Merthyr Tydfil in what subsequently became known as the Merthyr Rising of 1831.
	members.home.nl /gerhardnijenhuis/msp/faq/where.htm (1922 words)

	The Merthyr Rising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On 2 June 1831, thousands of workers under a red flag broke into insurrection.
		Gwyn Williams examines in depth the reality and the mythology of that martyrdom; he tells the story of this remarkable year in detail and largely through the words of the people who bore witness.
		He argues that the events of 1831 in Merthyr were central to the emergence of a working class in south Wales: in that year its pre-history came to an end and its history began.
	www.uwp.co.uk /book_desc/1014.html (202 words)

	Wisdom and Walks UK - Industrial Heritage of the valleys of South Wales
		There were many heroes, and although the rivers and valleys have once more been restored to their unspoilt former glory, the names and deeds are recalled with pride today throughout the South Wales Valleys, and at many places you will still get a real sense of these historic and heroic times.
		Despite his protest of innocence and a major campaign he was hanged in Cardiff on 13th August 1831.
		The verdict was and still is contested, and Dic Penderyn and the Merthyr Rising have thus become potent symbols for the trade union movement in Wales, the UK and indeed the World.
	www.wisdomandwalks.co.uk /products.asp?ProductID=1 (676 words)

	GO BRITANNIA! Wales: Welsh Literature - 20th Century, Pt II
		The continuation of his major theme was continued in a novel based on the Merthyr Rising of 1931: "All Things Betray Thee" (1949).
		His second trilogy deals with the Merthyr Rising of 1831, the long-lasting strikes in the slate quarries of Gwynedd, and the Tonypandy riots in the Rhondda.
		This tension is not found in his poetry, however, and his poem "Merthyr" is described by Meic Stephens as "one of the most brilliantly balanced, humorous and evocative in the Anglo-Welsh canon." (p.
	www.britannia.com /wales/lit/lit17.html (4794 words)

	Raising the Banners: The Merthyr Rising
		The spark that finally lit the powder keg was the use of bailiffs to seize goods from anyone who owed debts to tradesmen and moneylenders.
		In June 1831, shortly after the Reform Bill, that would have given a very limited extension of the vote, was rejected by Parliament, disturbances broke out.
		So when in 2002, the Wales TUC decided that the rich history of the working class in Wales deserved an annual event that celebrated those generations of struggle, the natural choice was the Merthyr Rising.
	www.raisingthebanners.org /archives/000007.html (986 words)

	Search Essays By Essays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Economical Drain on Merthyr - the Merthyr Rising
		Summary: This paper is written to help explain the reasons for Wales and Merthyr in particular being transformed from a society into an economy during the 1800s.
		By 1820 the most contributing factors that would cause the rising were in place, by 1831 these factors had created an intolerable lifestyle for the people in Wales.
	www.bookrags.com /essays/user/bushby207/stories (171 words)

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