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Topic: Merya language

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	Finnish language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		It is also an official language in Finland and an official minority language in Sweden, in the form of standard Finnish as well as Meänkieli, and in Norway in the form of Kven.
		The Ruija dialect (Ruijan murre) is spoken in Finnmark (Finnish Ruija), in Norway.
		The spoken language, on the other hand, is the main variety of Finnish to be used in popular TV and radio shows, at workplaces and may be preferred to speaking a dialect in personal communication.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Finnish_language (5790 words)

	Russian_language LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Russian is the official language of Russia, and an official language of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the unrecognized Transnistria, South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
		Russenorsk is an extinct pidgin language with mostly Russian vocabulary and mostly Norwegian grammar, used for communication between Russians and Norwegian traders in the Pomor trade in Finnmark and the Kola Peninsula.
		The official language in Moscow and Novgorod, and later, in the growing Moscow Rus', remained a kind of Church Slavonic until the close of the seventeenth century, but, despite attempts at standardization, as by Meletius Smotrytsky c. 1620, its purity was by then strongly compromised by an incipient secular literature.
	www.school-explorer.com /info/Russian_language (3933 words)

	Russian Language Encyclopedia Article @ Swore.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Russian is the official language of Russia, and an official language of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the unrecognized Transnistria, South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
		Russenorsk is an extinct pidgin language with mostly Russian vocabulary and mostly Norwegian grammar, used for communication between Russians and Norwegian traders in the Pomor trade in Finnmark and the Kola Peninsula.
		The official language remained a kind of Church Slavonic until the close of the seventeenth century, but, despite attempts at standardization, as by Meletius Smotrytsky c. 1620, its purity was by then strongly compromised by an incipient secular literature.
	www.swore.org /encyclopedia/Russian_language (3615 words)

	Russian language information - Search.com
		A language of great political importance in the 20th century, Russian is one of the official languages of the United Nations.
		Russian is the official language of Russia, and an official language of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the unrecognized Transnistria and Abkhazia.
		The official language remained a kind of Church Slavonic until the close of the seventeenth century, but, despite attempts at standardization, as by Meletius Smotrytsky c. 1620, its purity was by then strongly compromised by an incipient secular literature.
	webshots.search.com /reference/Russian_language (3231 words)

	Merya - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia
		The Meryas (also Merä) were an ancient tribe who lived in the region of modern Russian cities of Moscow, Rostov, Kostroma, Jaroslavl and Vladimir.
		They probably spoke a Finnic language related to the languages spoken by other tribes in the surrounding larger region, such as the Mari, the Mordvins, the Meshchera and the Veps who were their neighbours.
		Sacred woods and stones, worshipped by Merya, were part of local traditional feasts for much longer than the similar Slavic sacred places in the west regions of modern Russia.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Merya (325 words)

	Merya language at AllExperts
		An approximative map of the non-Varangian cultures in European Russia, in the 9th century.
		The Merya language was the Finno-Ugric language spoken by the Merya tribe, which lived in what is today the Moscow region.
		Meryan probably became extinct in the Middle ages, as the Meryas were assimilated by the Slavs.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/me/merya_language.htm (167 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Karelian belongs to the Finno-Ugric languages, and is distinguished from standard Finnish by some important extensions to the phonology and the lack of influence from modern 19th and 20th century Finnish.
		The Ludic language or dialect (Luudi, Lyydi, or lüüdi in their own tongue) is sometimes classified as a dialect of Veps.
		Finnish, and not Karelian, was the second official language of Karelia from the Winter War 1940 up until the 1980s[3], when perestroika began.
	stron.frm.pl /wiki.php?title=Karelian_language (862 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Merya
		The Meryas (also Merä) were an ancient tribe who lived in the region of modern Russian cities of Moscow, Rostov, Kostroma, Jaroslavl and Vladimir.
		They probably spoke a Finnic language related to the languages spoken by other tribes in the surrounding larger region, such as the Mari, the Mordvins, the Meshchera and the Veps who were their neighbours.
		Sacred woods and stones, worshipped by Merya, were part of local traditional feasts for much longer than the similar Slavic sacred places in the west regions of modern Russia.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Merya (283 words)

	New Page 1
		The Uralic language family is divided into two major branches, the Samoyed language branch and the Finno-Ugric language branch.
		These languages spread from the Volga to the Arctic Ocean, west as far as Norway and the Carpathian Basin, and east slightly passing the Urals.
		Languages can also be related to each through there vocabulary, like Finnish and Swedish for example, many Swedes emigrated to Finland during the Middle Ages with them they brought new technology, things the Finns had never seen before so this caused an influx of Swedish words into Finnish.
	members.tripod.com /Daniel_Kravin/preface.htm (723 words)

	Uralic languages Summary
		The closest relatives of Hungarian, however, the Ob'-Ugrian languages, are spoken in the Asiatic part of Russia, east of the Ural Mountains, in the basin of the river Ob'.
		The name of the language family refers to the location of the family’s suggested Urheimat (homeland), which is often placed close to the Ural mountains.
		The healthiest Uralic languages, in terms of the number of native speakers and national identity, are Estonian, Finnish, and Hungarian.
	www.bookrags.com /Uralic_languages (1410 words)

	Merya language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Merya language was the Finno-Ugric language spoken by the Merya tribe, which lived in what is today the Moscow region.
		Next to nothing is known about the language, but it was probably related to the other Finno-Ugric languages of the region.
		Meryan probably became extinct in the Middle Ages, as the Meryas were assimilated by the Slavs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Merya_language (127 words)

	· II MMV ·
		The corridors are similar in the sense that the territories of the Indo-European languages have expanded at the expense of other languages, mainly because the speakers of the original languages of northern areas have, in the process of language change, acquired an Indo- European language.
		In connection with the language change, the present Russian language was born, with a large substratum originating in the Finno-Ugric languages.
		Language change from Insular Celtic to English is in fact underway, because Celtic is still spoken in the most western and northern parts of the British Isles.
	www.einst.ee /culture/II_MMV/wiik.html (708 words)

	HUMAN RIGTHS PROBLEMS IN RUSSIA
		Specifically it is unlikely for the language of a small nationality or ethnic group to become the language of scholarship, higher education; there is also little possibility for national opera and ballet to be to become firmly established as a developed art.
		The loss of the native languages' positions is the result of an intentional premeditated national-language policy and primarily of the transfer of school education in the 1960s to the Russian language starting from the first grades.
		In place of the "nationalists", who devoted themselves to the cultural revival of their native peoples, and the preservation and development of their languages, came a new generation of leaders and "intelligentsia", who were not excessively burdened by concern for the culture and the language of their native peoples.
	www.suri.ee /kongress/sanukov.html (6259 words)

	HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE : Encyclopedia Entry
		Hungarian is a member of the Ugric languages, a sub-group of the Finno-Ugric language family, which in turn is a branch of the Uralic languages.
		Connections between the Ugric and Finnic languages were noticed in the 1670s and established, along with the entire Uralic family, in 1717, although the classification of Hungarian continued to be a matter of political controversy into the 18th and even 19th centuries.
		Hungarian is the official language of Hungary, and thus an official language of the European Union.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Hungarian_language (4386 words)

	Estonian language - ikiW
		It is a Finno-Ugric language and is closely related to Finnish.
		In actuality, the distinction isn't purely in the phoneme length, and the underlying phonological mechanism is still disputed.
		Another feature that sets Estonian apart from most languages is the vowel õ ([ɤ]), a close-mid near-back unrounded vowel, which is farther back than the schwa ([ə]), but fronter than [o].
	estonian-language.ikiw.net /en/Estonian_language (150 words)

	EXPERT RUSSIAN
		Russian (Russian: русский язык, russkiy yazyk, [ˈru.skʲɪj jɪˈzɨk] listen (help·info)) is the most widely spoken language of Eurasia and the most widespread of the Slavonic languages.
		According to the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California, Russian is classified as a level III language in terms of learning difficulty for native English speakers,[3] requiring approximately 780 hours of immersion instruction to achieve intermediate fluency.
		Good reasons for learning Russian: The Russian Language is a means of international communication between nations of the Russian Federation and the CIS (Community of Independent States - former Soviet Republics).
	expertrussian228.blogspot.com /2007/01/russian-language-russian-russia-former.html (1752 words)

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - Meshchera
		In the Northern part of their territory, the Meshchera were converted and stayed in their territory as long as the agricultural Slavic colonists had little interest in the poor marshy lands.
		The Meshchera noblemen were converted by the 12th-13th centuries, but the common hunters and fishers kept the elements of their language and traditional beliefs for a longer period.
		They gave their name to the vast area in the center of the Eastern Europe and their extinct language still exists in the names of some creeks, rivers and villages.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/mordvin/meshchera.html (1216 words)

	Virittäjä-lehden hakemistot
		The most dominant landmarks of the area in which the ancient Merya lived are the large lakes of Central Russia: Lakes Nero and Pleshcheevo in the Yaroslavl' oblast, and Lakes Galichkoye and Chukhlomskoye in the Kostroma oblast.
		The writer believes that the Merya would not, however, have been called the "Meri", as Mägiste assumes, but rather the "Enäjärvi" ('Great lakes') people, which, in truth, they were, in the eyes of the neighbouring peoples of Central Russia.
		As with many other language components present in toponyms, determining the creation and timing of the root ner(V)- is related to the broader tangle of still unresolved questions regarding the origin, distribution and interactions of the Finno-Ugrian peoples and their languages.
	www.kotikielenseura.fi /virittaja/hakemistot/jutut/vir98ahlqvist.html (426 words)

	Abstracts
		According to the Russian chronicles, the Merya territory lay in the vicinity of the Nero and Plescheyevo lakes in the southeastern part of the present-day Yaroslavl region in central Russia.
		The linguistic substratum of the ancient Merya territory has features that resemble not only those of the Volgaic languages (Mordvin and Mari), but also those of the Finnic languages (Vepsian, for example, which was spoken in an area near the northwest of the Merya territory).
		Considering that for the Finn-Ugric languages postposed articles are typical (repeated postpositional copulative conjunctions are found in Erzya-Mordvin, Mari, Udmurt and Hungarian), the question arises whether such might have been used in the ‘neighbouring languages’ mentioned by Shapiro.
	www.let.rug.nl /finoegristiek/news/2001abstracts.htm (6217 words)

	Situation of Finno-Ugric and Samoyed Peoples
		The language law in Mordovia obligates the implementing power to determine where road signs and other signage must be in Russian and Mordvin, however, despite the fact that the law was passed in 1998, all signage is still only in Russian.
		The Komi language as a language of instruction is not used even in the early grades, let alone in the upper grades.
		Instruction in the native languages is the exception as opposed to the rule in kindergartens.
	assembly.coe.int /Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc06/EDOC11087.htm (11246 words)

	Merya information - Search.com
		They probably spoke a Finnic language related to the languages spoken by other tribes in the surrounding larger region, such as the Mari, the Mordvins, the Meshchera and the Vepses who were their neighbours.
		However, the merya culture was also assimilated by them in those regions that were initially inhibited by merya.
		Also the name Merya (in some cases spoken like 'Nerya') is still kept in a lot of local toponims, and was preserved later in a much more vast number of them.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Merya (298 words)

	War Crimes :: Indigenous Peoples :: Indigenous People
		The Marma have their own script and speak a language which is almost identical to that of the Rakhine or Rakhaing of Cox’s Bazar and Patuakhali districts in Bangladesh and Arakan state in Myanmar (Burma).
		Introduction of primary education in the Marma language is believed to be a necessary step for the progress of education among the Marma.
		The Tripura language belongs to the Bodo branch of the Tibeto-Burman family of languages.
	www.warcrimes.info /shop/html/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=200 (3423 words)

	Grammar and Lexicon of the Naidda Language
		The ZBB "Historical Telephone" game involves a group of conlangers deriving daughters from a single parent language, which remains secret while another group attempts to reconstruct the parent language from the daughters.
		Naidda is the language of Kasca, which comprises the broad delta of the Ja River (called the Eige, in Farálo) and its surrounding region, that lies across the southern border of the Huyfárah Empire.
		Naidda is the dominant language in the delta and south of the border, and a minority language elsewhere in southwestern Huyfárah.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~bpawlows/naidda/naidda.html (3516 words)

	Abstracts
		According to the Russian chronicles, the Merya territory lay in the vicinity of the Nero and Plescheyevo lakes in the southeastern part of the present-day Yaroslavl region in central Russia.
		The linguistic substratum of the ancient Merya territory has features that resemble not only those of the Volgaic languages (Mordvin and Mari), but also those of the Finnic languages (Vepsian, for example, which was spoken in an area near the northwest of the Merya territory).
		Efforts of literary language training after the October revolution did not point towards a common literary language, but those were strong influences towards marked differentiation, and two Mordvin literary languages were born as a result.
	odur.let.rug.nl /finoegristiek/news/2001abstracts.htm (6217 words)

	III World Congress of the Finno-Ugric Peoples, Helsinki 2000
		In the republic a lot is done for the national revival, support and development of the languages and preservation of the ethno-cultural ambiance.
		The Erzyan and Moksha languages was given the status of the official ones.
		We see clearly that the official bodies and public organizations of the republic have to solve with more insistence the existing problems and secure a whole development of economical, cultural and national traditions and potential of the Mordovian people and the Finno-Ugrian world.
	www.suri.ee /kongress/kolmas/en/kona.html (1158 words)

	Meshchera
		In the Northern part of their territory the Meshchera were baptized and stayed at their territory as long as the agricultural Slavic colonists had little interest in the poor marshy lands.
		The Meshchera noblemen were baptized by the 12th-13the centuries, but the common hunters and fishers kept the elements of their language and traditional beliefs for a longer period.
		Mixing with the Tatars, they took their language and gave a start to a new sub-ethnos known as the Tatar-Mishers or Misherler.
	www.dlc.fi /~kokov/mesher/index.html (1295 words)

	Participants
		Her study is a significant contribution to the clarification of the extent and borders of this extinct Finno-Ugrian language and it should be noted that there is no other way to track the historical borders of this language but to investigate its impact on Russian dialects and toponymy.
		The English title of her research is The Linguistic Substratum of the Historical Meryan Language Area.
		The emphasis of his research is on constructions in which the predicate is omitted in both types of languages.
	www.helsinki.fi /hum/slav/nwrussia/eng/participants.htm (795 words)

	russian_language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Russian (Russian:,) is the most widely spoken language of Eurasia and the most widespread of the Slavonic languages.
		The number of listed words or entries in some of the major dictionaries published during the last two centuries, and the total vocabulary of Pushkin (who is credited with greatly augmenting and codifying literary Russian), are as follows:
		East Slavic languagesLanguages of AzerbaijanLanguages of BelarusLanguages of EstoniaLanguages of GeorgiaLanguages of GermanyLanguages of IsraelLanguages of KazakhstanLanguages of KyrgyzstanLanguages of LatviaLanguages of MoldovaLanguages of RussiaLanguages of TajikistanLanguages of TurkmenistanLanguages of UkraineLanguages of UzbekistanRussian language
	www.yukoryum.com /wiki/?title=Russian_language (3283 words)

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