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Topic: Mesencephalon

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Tectum

Superior colliculi

Hindbrain

List of regions in the human brain

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	48 Hour Chick Serial Cross Section: Photograph Descriptions
		In this section of the head region of the embryo, a portion of the brain, the mesencephalon is now visible.
		A portion of the metencephalon is visible within the section as well as the mesencephalon.
		The level of sectioning is now through the myelencephalon, the floor region of the metencephalon and mesencephalon, and the diencephalon.
	www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/devobio/48hrchck/48cktext.htm (3450 words)

	Mesencephalon
		The tectum ("roof") is the dorsal surface of the midbrain.
		The tegementum is the division of the mesencephalon ventral to the tectum.
		The mesencephalon is generally an unimportant structure in the study language and the brain.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~lngbrain/cglidden/mesen.html (199 words)

	Role of Lmx1b and Wnt1 in mesencephalon and metencephalon development -- Matsunaga et al. 129 (22): 5269 -- Development
		Ectopic expression of Fgf8 in the caudal mesencephalon is canceled by co-electroporation with wild-type Lmx1b.
		Lmx1b is induced by Fgf8b misexpression in the diencephalon and mesencephalon broadly (E).
		was broadly induced in the diencephalon and mesencephalon by Fgf8b
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/129/22/5269 (5131 words)

	Mesencephalic and Associated Posterior Circulation Infarcts -- Kumral et al. 33 (9): 2224 -- Stroke
		territories of the upper, middle, and lower mesencephalon are
		mesencephalon was involved in 3 patients (patients 1, 6, and
		of PCA to the lateral-dorsal region of the rostral mesencephalon.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/33/9/2224 (3171 words)

	Neuroembryology: Midbrain Development: Mesencephalon
		The adult mesencephalon (midbrain) is the least modified of the brainstem structures with regard to basal and alar plates.
		Neuroblasts of alar plates migrate to form inferior and superior colliculi (tectum).
		The cavity of the original neural tube is little modified in the adult midbrain except to be narrowed by growth of the surrounding midbrain structures; it remains as the narrow cerebral aqueduct.
	isc.temple.edu /neuroanatomy/lab/embryo_new/midbrain (189 words)

	Mesencephalon - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In biological anatomy, the mesencephalon (or midbrain) is the middle of three vesicles that arise from the neural tube that forms the brain of developing animals.
		The mesencephalon is considered part of the brain stem or the midbrain.
		The mesencephalon is archipallian in origin, meaning its general architecture is shared with the most ancient of vertebrates.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Midbrain (343 words)

	Developmental Biology Online: Roles of the Mesencephalon in Chick Embryos
		However, new evidence suggests that the mesencephalon is critical in forming a portion of the cerebellum and that the neurons derived from the mesencephalon are critical in preventing epileptic seizures.
		Figure 1 The presence of mesencephalon cells in the cerebellum was shown by replacing chick mesencephalon with the corresponding region from the quail.
		By grafting smaller pieces from specific regions of the mesencephalon and metencephalon, it was shown that the entire cerebellar cortex arises from the dorsal half of the neural tube.
	www.devbio.com /preview_article.php?ch=12&id=121 (653 words)

	Mesencephalon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biological anatomy, the mesencephalon (or midbrain) is the middle of three vesicles that arise from the neural tube that forms the brain of developing animals.
		The mesencephalon is considered part of the brain stem.
		The human mesencephalon is archipallian in origin, meaning its general architecture is shared with the most ancient of vertebrates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mesencephalon (481 words)

	[No title]
		Parameters of characterisation were the proportion of neural cells in cell culture, the presence of catecholamines, and the functional effects after transplantation of the dopaminergic cell suspension in the striatum of 6-OHDA lesioned rats and survival and ingrowth in this host striatum.
		Fetal porcine mesencephalon grafts: dissection procedure and cellular characterization in culture.
		porcine ventral mesencephalon in the perspective of its potential use as a xenograft in Parkinson’s Disease.
	www.rug.nl /umcg/onderzoek/overonderzoek/stamcelcluster/neurosurgery (1149 words)

	Introduction to V514 Neuroanatomy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The middle is the midbrain or mesencephalon, and the caudal is the hindbrain or rhombencephalon.
		Therefore, the brain is composed from caudal to cranial, of the medulla oblongata, pons and its associated cerebellum, mesencephalon and cerebrum (diencephalon and telencephalon); of these, the medulla, pons, and mesencephalon comprise the brain stem.
		The mesencephalon is continued cranially into the cerebrum; each hemisphere of the cerebrum is composed of a gray cortex and white medulla in which are embedded a number of nuclei.
	www.opt.indiana.edu /v514/intro.htm (2096 words)

	midbrain (mesencephalon)
		Early appearance of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells in the mesencephalon of mouse embryos.
		Astrocytes promote or impair the survival and function of embryonic ventral mesencephalon co-grafts: effects of astrocyte age and expression of recombinant brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
		The pre- and postnatal development of the dopaminergic cell groups in the ventral mesencephalon and the dopaminergic innervation of the striatum of the rat.
	www.arclab.org /node_pages/54.html (1921 words)

	Dopaminergic cells align along radial glia in the developing mesencephalon of the rat. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Studies were performed to examine the relation of dopaminergic cells and radial glia in the developing mesencephalon of the rat at ages E12-E20.
		Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells were located along the ventral surface of the mesencephalon at age E13.
		At age E15, E16, and E18 the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells were present from the aqueduct to the ventral pial surface of the mesencephalon and were aligned along radial glia.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_1979855.html (231 words)

	Insomnia/Fatigue
		The top part of the brain stem is called the mesencephalon, and it determines our sleeping/waking patterns.
		The specific term is the "mesencephalic reticular activating system" which is a three-dollar phrase for “top of the brain stem.” If the mesencephalon is firing, you will be awake.
		If the mesencephalon decreases frequency of firing, you will be tired and unable to stay awake.
	www.consumerhealthdigest.com /healthcontent/Insomnia-Fatigue.htm (485 words)

	Pleiotrophin mRNA is highly expressed in neural stem (progenitor) cells of mouse ventral mesencephalon and the product ...
		Neural stem cells are promising candidates for donor cells in neural transplantation.
		In the present study, a serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was carried out to generate a gene file of neural stem (progenitor) cells from the mouse ventral mesencephalon.
		Among the 15,815 tags investigated, the mRNA of the housekeeping genes (elongation factor 1-α, ATPase subunit 6, GAPDH, actin), laminin receptor 1, HSP 70, pleiotrophin, and nestin were highly expressed.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/abstract/03-0927fjev1 (467 words)

	TGF-{beta} is required for differentiation of mouse mesencephalic progenitors into dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in ...
		TGF-{beta} is required for differentiation of mouse mesencephalic progenitors into dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo.
		Ectopic induction in dorsal mesencephalon -- Roussa et al., 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0514 -- Stem Cells
		that neural progenitors from ventral and dorsal mouse E12 mesencephalon
	stemcells.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/short/2005-0514v1 (218 words)

	The Human Brain... please wait... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The tectum is located in the dorsal region of the mesencephalon, and contains two very important sensory relays, known as the colliculi:
		The tegmentum is located in the ventral region of the mesencephalon, and contains several important systems:
		The substantia nigra is an essential sensorimotor system involved in the regulation of movement, especially in relation to the initiation and smoothness of motion.
	songweaver.com /brain/mesencephalon.html (94 words)

	>Neuroscience: Neuroanatomy
		MESENCEPHALON + BASAL GANGLIA: Also supplies posterior limb of internal capsule, and parts of the Thalamus and Lentiform Nucleus.
		TEGMENTUM: That region of the Mesencephalon, between the Substantia Nigra and the Cerebral Aqueduct.
		TECTUM: That region of the Mesencephalon dorsal to the Cerebral Aqueduct, containing the two Superior colliculi and two Inferior Colliculi.
	us.share.geocities.com /doctor_uae/neuro2.htm (6166 words)

	NIDA - Director's Report - September 2003
		Platelet-derived Growth Factor-producing Cells Immortalized from Rat Mesencephalon with SV40 Large T Antigen Transduced by an AAV Vector Adeno-associated virus (AAV) can infect a wide variety of mammalian cell types and is capable of infecting both dividing and non-dividing cell populations.
		The AAV-T vector was constructed by introducing the BamH1 fragment of the pCMV/SVE/Neo plasmid containing T antigen and SV40 regulatory elements into the JM48 plasmid containing the inverted terminal repeats of AAV.
		Neuronal cultures from E-12 rat mesencephalon were grown in defined media supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor.
	www.drugabuse.gov /DirReports/DirRep903/DirectorReport8.html (4411 words)

	Midbrain
		The mesencephalon is considered part of the brain stem or the midbrain.
		The mesencephalon is archipallian in origin, meaning its general architecture is shared with the most ancient of vertebrates.
		Dopamine produced in the subtantia nigra plays a role in motivation and habituation of species from humans to the most elementary animals such as insects.
	www.mrsci.com /Central-Nervous-System/Midbrain.php (896 words)

	Pleiotrophin mRNA is highly expressed in neural stem (progenitor) cells of mouse ventral mesencephalon and the product ...
		Pleiotrophin mRNA is highly expressed in neural stem (progenitor) cells of mouse ventral mesencephalon and the product promotes production of dopaminergic neurons from embryonic stem cell-derived nestin-positive cells -- JUNG et al.
		Gene expression in stem (progenitor) cells derived from the ventral mesencephalon of mouse embryos
		the ventral mesencephalon (VM) of E12.5 mouse embryos.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/18/11/1237 (1434 words)

	Startle Response of Rats after the Production of Lesions at the Junction of the Mesencephalon and the Diencephalon
		Startle Response of Rats after the Production of Lesions at the Junction of the Mesencephalon and the Diencephalon
		LESIONS at the junction of the mesencephalon and diencephalon have been found to affect the reactivity of white rats.
		These rats sometimes showed intense muscular reactions to sensory stimulation although they were usually more placid than other rats.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v212/n5069/abs/2121504a0.html (152 words)

	Chapter Meropodite <i>to</i> Mesodont of M by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		The flowers usually open about midday, whence the name.
		Of or pertaining to the mesencephalon or midbrain.
		The middle segment of the brain; the midbrain.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1204/23333/3.html (330 words)

	Regional dopamine transporter gene expression in the substantia nigra from control and Parkinson's disease brains -- ...
		The pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease is degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the ventral mesencephalon.
		In the quantitative assessment of labelling intensity in the Parkinson's disease brains, dorsal and ventral tier neurons were
		Differential expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and membrane dopamine transporter genes in subpopulations of dopaminergic neurons of the rat mesencephalon.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/65/2/164 (3915 words)

	IngentaConnect Xenografts of MHC-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Mesencephalon Improve... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chronic brain xenograft rejection is largely mediated by helper T cells, which require presentation of xenoantigens by major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II for their activation.
		We examined survival and function of xenografts of E13 mouse mesencephalon deficient in either MHC class I, class II, or both after transplantation into adult hemiparkinsonian rats without immunosuppression.
		Recipients received grafts from C57BL/6 mice that were either: 1) wild-type (wt), 2) MHC class I knockout (KO), 3) MHC class II KO, 4) MHC class I and II double KO, or 5) saline sham transplants.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/cog/ct/2002/00000011/00000001/ct268 (395 words)

	A novel N18TG2 x mesencephalon cell hybrid expresses properties that suggest a dopaminergic cell line of substantia ...
		A novel N18TG2 x mesencephalon cell hybrid expresses properties that suggest a dopaminergic cell line of substantia nigra origin -- Crawford et al.
		A novel N18TG2 x mesencephalon cell hybrid expresses properties that suggest a dopaminergic cell line of substantia nigra origin
		A dopaminergic neuroblastoma was derived using somatic cell fusion of rat
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/12/9/3392 (427 words)

	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine destroys dopamine neurons in explants of rat embryo mesencephalon -- ...
		1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine destroys dopamine neurons in explants of rat embryo mesencephalon
		Explants of embryonic rat mesencephalon were grown in organotypic culture.
		Addition of 10 microM 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to the culture medium for 4 to 7 days resulted in loss of dopamine cell bodies and fiber outgrowths, as observed by fluorescence histochemistry.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/short/225/4661/529 (343 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy: Section 17: Central Nervous System
		The brain includes the cerebral hemispheres, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.
		The latter includes the diencephalon; mesencephalon, or midbrain; pons; and medulla oblongata.
		Each of these components is made up of cell groups and fibers, arranged in a manner that characterizes the particular component.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /MicroscopicAnatomy/Section17/Section17.shtml (1230 words)

	Definition of mesencephalon - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "mesencephalon" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "mesencephalon" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "mesencephalon" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=mesencephalon (26 words)

	[No title]
		Meniere's Disease: Hearing and Balance problems resulting from a rupture of the basilar membrane.
		Mesencephalon (Midbrain): Links forebrain and hindbrain; contains cerebral aqueduct.
		Mesoderm: The middle layer of the three embryonic tissue layers first delineated during gastrulation; give rise to skeleton, circulatory system, muscles, and reproductive system.
	www.brainconnection.com /gen/gloss.html (12864 words)

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