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Topic: Meshrano Jirga

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	Jirga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A jirga (occasionally jirgah) is a tribal assembly of elders which takes decisions by consensus, particularly among the Pashtun ethnic group, but also in other ethnic groups near them; they are most common in Afghanistan and among the Pashtun in the tribal areas in Pakistan near its border with Afghanistan.
		The jirga was also used as a court in cases of criminal conduct, but this usage is being replaced by formal courts some settled areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan, elswhere it is still used as courts in tribal regions.
		Meshrano Jirga — "elders' jirga", the upper house of the Afghan legislature
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jirga (420 words)

	Afghanistan Constitution of 1963
		The executive council of the Wolesi Jirga (House of the People) is elected at the opening of the legislative term while the vice presidents, secretary and deputy secretary of the Meshrano Jirga (House of the Elders) are elected for one year at the beginning of each annual session.
		The Wolesi Jirga (House of the People) is competent to appoint, on proposal from one third of its members, an enquiry commission to investigate and study the conduct of the government and the actions of the administration.
		Afterwards, the budget proposal, together with the comments of the Meshrano Jirga (House of the Elders) and of the committee concerned, are presented to the house for consideration and decision.
	www.constitution.org /cons/afghan/const1963.htm (8695 words)

	Afghanistan - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Between the fall of the Taliban after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and the 2003 Loya jirga, Afghanistan was referred to by the West as the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan.
		The legislative body of Afghanistan is a parliament consisting of two houses: the Wolesi Jirga (House of the People) and the Meshrano Jirga (House of Elders).
		In the Meshrano Jirga, one-third of the members are elected by provincial councils for four years, one-third are elected by district councils of each province for three years, and one-third are appointed by the president for five years, of which half must be women.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/a/f/g/Afghanistan.html (2663 words)

	Final results of Afghan elections announced
		The newly-elected provincial councils met across Afghanistan on Saturday to elect representatives to the Meshrano Jirga or upper house in the national assembly.
		Bissmil said he expected elections of representatives to the Meshrano Jirga to be completed in the coming days and the results to be announced late November.
		Some 68 seats were allocated for women in the Wolesi Jirga and 124 seats for women in the provincial councils, in accordance with the Afghan constitution.
	news.monstersandcritics.com /southasia/printer_1061766.php (474 words)

	Afghanistan : The Meshrano Jirga
		Members of the Meshrano Jirga (senators) as well as those of the Wolesi Jirga (representatives) or the government shall possess the right of legislative initiative, except concerning budget and financial matters for which the government shall be the only competent.
		Then they shall be submitted to the Meshrano Jirga, after their approval by the Wolesi Jirga.
		The Meshrano Jirga (as well as the Wolesi Jirga) shall examine in priority texts for which the government required the urgency.
	www.senat.fr /senatsdumonde/afghanistan/afghanistan_english.html (1335 words)

	Pajhwok Afghan News
		Two-thirds of the Meshrano Jirga or upper house has been elected, while the rest will be appointed by President Hamid Karzai, according to the electoral laws.
		As the laws say that one-thirds of the members for the 102-member Meshrano Jirga should be elected by provincial councils, another third by the district councils and the rest is to be appointed by the country President.
		Results of the lower house or Wolesi Jirga had already been finalized, however, those of the upper house or Meshrano Jirga would be declared after President Karzai had appointed 34 members, the statement contended.
	www.pajhwak.com /viewstory.asp?id=9539 (351 words)

	ONLINE - International News Network
		Only 500 could ffect the outcome of the ballot.The elections were held in September for the 249 members of the Wolesi Jirga, or lower house of parliament, and 420 members of the 34 provincial councils.
		Two thirds of the Meshrano Jirga will be appointed by provincial councils and one third by President Hamid Karzai, he said.
		Under Afghan electoral law, one third of the Meshrano Jirga was to be chosen by Karzai, one third by provincial councils and one third by district councils.
	www.onlinenews.com.pk /details.php?id=89312 (301 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Orientation programme for members of the Afghan National Assembly gets ...
		The 249 members of the lower house, Wolesi Jirga (the House of People), all elected, and the 102 members of the upper house, Meshrano Jirga (the House of Elders), some of them appointed, will be receiving their training in three groups beginning on Saturday December 10, 2005.
		All the members of the Meshrano Jirga will comprise one group and the members of Wolesi Jirga will be divided into two groups for the orientation programme.
		Members of Wolesi Jirga and Meshrano Jirga will also be introduced to"Code of Conduct" and to the process of composition and adoption of the State budget.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EVOD-6JVE6P?OpenDocument (401 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The upper house, the Meshrano Jirga [council of elders], consists of 102 members, a third elected by provincial councils to four-year terms, a third elected by district councils to three-year terms, and the rest (half of whom must be women) appointed by the president to five-year terms.
		A new constitution was approved in Jan., 2004, by a loya jirga.
		Supporters of Karzai won a substantial number of seats in the lower house (Wolesi Jirga); religious conservatives, former mujahidin and Taliban, women, and Pashtuns (which are overlapping groups) were all elected in significant numbers to the body.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/A/Afghanis.asp (3438 words)

	[ www.azadiradio.org ]
		Elections to the District Council -- to provide an important part of the bicameral National Assembly's Meshrano Jirga (Council of Elders) -- were postponed indefinitely, in large part due to disagreements over jurisdictional limits and numbers of districts.
		The number of seats allotted to individual provinces is based on population, ranging from a minimum of nine seats to a maximum of 29 seats.
		Article 84 of the Constitution prescribes that members of the Meshrano Jirga be taken one-third each from the Provincial and District councils, with the remaining one-third of members appointed by the president "from among experts and experienced personalities" -- including two representatives from the disabled and impaired and two representatives from the kuchis.
	www.azadiradio.org /en/weeklyreport/2005/09/02.asp (2838 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Afghans prepare to elect first parliament in decades
		In all, there are 2,707 candidates, including 328 women, competing for the 249 seats in the lower house of the national assembly, known as the Wolesi Jirga, or "house of the people." According to the Afghan constitution, the Wolesi Jirga must include at least two women representatives from each of Afghanistan’s 34 provinces.
		Once the lower house approves a proposal, it is passed to the Meshrano Jirga, which has 15 days to accept or reject it.
		The JEMB hopes to have the election results certified by late October, and the Meshrano Jirga should be appointed by mid-November.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EGUA-6FMMZN?OpenDocument (645 words)

	Untitled Normal Page
		During the session of a Grand Council [Loya Jirga], the provision of Articles 101 and 102 of this Constitution are applied on its members.
		(2) For approval of the amendments, a Grand Council [Loya Jirga] shall be convened by the decree of the President in accordance with the provisions of the Chapter on the Loy Jirga.
		The Title of the Father of the Nation and the privileges granted by the Emergency Grand Council [Loya Jirga] of 1381 (2002) to His Majesty Mohammad Zahir Former King of Afghanistan are preserved for him during his lifetime, in accordance with the provisions of this constitution.
	home.att.net /~history101/ConstitutionAfghanistan.htm (10270 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In late 2001, major leaders from the Afghan opposition groups and diaspora met in Bonn, Germany, and agreed on a plan for the formulation of a new government structure that resulted in the inauguration of Hamid KARZAI as Chairman of the Afghan Interim Authority (AIA) on 22 December 2001.
		The AIA held a nationwide Loya Jirga (Grand Assembly) in June 2002, and KARZAI was elected President by secret ballot of the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (TISA).
		The Transitional Authority convened a Constitutional Loya Jirga from 14 December 2003 until 4 January 2004 and ended with the approval of a new constitution.
	www.brainyatlas.com /geos/af.html (1590 words)

	European Union \| Election Observation Mission to Afganistan 2005
		The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was adopted by the Constitutional Loya Jirga in January 2004.
		Any registered voter may be a candidate provided that in relation to Wolesi Jirga, provincial council and district council elections he is at least 25 years of age and in respect of appointment to Meshrano Jirga he is 35 years of age (Electoral Law, Art.
		In respect of both Wolesi Jirga and Provincial Council elections, the system chosen in the Electoral law for seat distribution is the Single Non-Transferable Vote (SNTV).
	www.eueomafg.org /Legal.html (1523 words)

	Afghanistan-Denmark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The focus of the note will be on Presidential and Wolesi Jirga elections, as it is widely agreed that it is not possible to hold local elections this year and will be postponed to next year.
		Elections for the Meshrano Jirga will be held following elections for the Provincial and District Councils, as two third of the members of the MJ are elected by the local councils.
		The Wolesi Jirga is to include 249 seats which would be divided among provinces on the basis of population figures or estimates provided by the Central Statistics Office 90 days prior to the elections.
	www.afghanistan-danmark.dk /artical-7.htm (1381 words)

	The Muslim News
		The results were initially scheduled to be released in October, but have been repeatedly delayed by inquiries into widespread electoral fraud across the country.
		Meanwhile, the newly elected provincial councils met on Saturday across Afghanistan to elect representatives to the Meshrano Jirga, or upper house of parliament.
		Afghanistan's last parliamentary elections were held in 1969, before a coup in 1973 and the 1979-89 occupation by the Soviet Union.
	www.muslimnews.co.uk /pda/news.php?article=10210 (423 words)

	The New Afghan Constitution On 26 January 2004
		On 26 January 2004, President Karzai signed the new Afghan Constitution which was unanimously agreed by the 502 delegates of the Constitutional Loya Jirga (CLJ) on 4 January 2004.
		The CLJ (Constitutional Loya Jirga) convened on 14 December 2003 under the chairmanship of former President Mojaddedi.
		The President is responsible to the nation and to the Lower House of the National Assembly (the Wolesi Jirga).
	www.laghman.net /constitution_points.asp (421 words)

	Afghanistan
		Between the fall of the Taliban after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and the 2003 Loya jirga, Afghanistan was referred to by the Government of the United States as the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan.
		Before the election, Karzai led the country after having been hand-picked by the administration of United States' President Bush to head an interim government, after the fall of the Taliban.
		In the Meshrano Jirga, one-third of the members are elected by provincial councils for four years, one-third are elected by district councils of each province for three years, and one-third are appointed by the president for five years, of whom half must be women.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/a/af/afghanistan.html (6597 words)

	Afghanistan Government Information
		An election was held on September 18, 2005 for the “Wolesi Jirga” (lower house) of Afghanistan’s new bicameral National Assembly and for the country’s 34 provincial councils.
		The Afghan constitution provides for indirect election of the National Assembly’s “Meshrano Jirga” (upper house) by the provincial councils and by reserved presidential appointments.
		Younus Qanooni and Sigbatullah Mojadeddi were elected Speaker of the Wolesi Jirga and Meshrano Jirga, respectively.
	www.traveldocs.com /af/govern.htm (448 words)

	Afghanistan: Branches of Government
		The lower house is the Wolesi Jirga (the House of People) and the upper house is the Meshrano Jirga.
		Members of the Wolesi Jirga are elected by the people through free, general, secret, and direct elections.
		The Supreme Court is composed of nine members who are appointed by the President for a period of ten years with the approval of the Wolesi Jirga.
	www.afghan-web.com /politics/government.html (531 words)

	News Item (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Another prominent nominee for the Meshrano Jirga is Syed Hamid Gillani, who was defeated at the September 18 parliamentary polls.
		Hamid Gillani is the son of Pir Syed Ahmad Gillani, head of the Mahaz-i-Milli – a conglomerate of jihadi outfits.
		The 34 members, who had earlier made their way to the upper house for the interim period, will cease to be its members after the holding of district council elections, delayed for technical reasons.
	www.afghanhindu.info /news/news20051211.htm (357 words)

	Pajhwok Afghan News
		, Feb 12 (Pajhwok Afghan News): Meshrano Jirga (Upper House) of the parliament Sunday named members of the 14 committees to discuss issues of their expertise, but chairmen and their deputies are yet to be appointed.
		Qadam Ali Nikpai, a press officer for the Meshrano Jirga, told Pajhwok Afghan News the committees would focus on their relevant fields and would present their recommendations to the parliament for approval.
		Nikpai also said acting Interior Minister Zarar Ahmad Moqbil was supposed to brief the Meshrano Jirga about the current security, but Moqbil did not come due to some business and MPs were also busy in other discussions.
	www.pajhwak.com /viewstory.asp?id=13306 (204 words)

	Afghanistan.sc: JEMB certifies all final results for Wolesi Jirga and Provincial Council electio... - Afghanistan ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The 102 member Meshrano Jirga will consist of two representatives from each Provincial Council, one of whom will be a transitional member until District Council elections can be held when.
		Mr Bissmil said: "Our plans for the Meshrano Jirga elections are progressing well and most Provincial Councils have today elected their representatives for the new upper house of the National Assembly.
		The JEMB will hold the concluding press conference on the 2005 electoral process once all elected member of the National Assembly have been certified; 68 Meshrano Jirga representatives, 249 Wolesi Jirga representatives and 420 Provincial Council members.
	www.afghanistan.sc /news/4729 (432 words)

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