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	Human Rights - Meskhetian Turks: Still Struggling to Return to Their Homeland
		On the contrary, 27,000 of 40,000 Meskhetian Turks in the Red Army died fighting Nazi forces.
		The issue of Meskhetian repatriation is bogged down in debates about ethnicity and bloodlines, which often serve to cloud the fundamental issues of repatriation and human rights.
		While many Meskhetians cling to the hope that the repatriation issue will be resolved soon, some believe that Tbilisi, along with international agencies, are simply ignoring the plight of a politically weak group.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/rights/articles/eav032503_pr.shtml (1025 words)

	Meskhetian Turks in Azerbaijan - Azerb.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Meskhetian Turks, or Meskhi, lived in the historical region of Meskhetia in south-western Georgia until 1944 (main town: Akhaltsikhe, near Ajaria).
		Meskhetian Turks are the consequence of the movement of Turkish settlers into the region during the rule of the Ottoman empire as part of Turkey's expansion.
		The total population of Meskhetian Turks in the territory of the former-USSR is estimated at almost 300.000.
	www.geo.ya.com /travelimages/az-meskhetian.html (400 words)

	ipedia.com: Meskhetians Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Meskhetians are ethnic Georgians, indigenous population of Meskheti.
		Meskhetians (Meskhs) are ethnic Georgians, indigenous population of Meskheti (Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia).
		Meskhetian Turks are the former Muslim inhabitants of Meskheti (Georgia), along the border with Turkey.
	www.ipedia.com /meskhetians.html (197 words)

	Meskhetians -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Meskhetians (Meskhs) are ethnic (A native or inhabitant of Georgia in Asia) Georgians, indigenous population of (additional info and facts about Meskheti) Meskheti (Samtskhe-Javakheti province of (A state in southeastern United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War) Georgia).
		Meskhetian Turks are the former Muslim inhabitants of (additional info and facts about Meskheti) Meskheti (Georgia), along the border with (A Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1923) Turkey.
		In May 1989 a (Organized persecution of an ethnic group (especially Jews)) pogrom of Meskhetian Turks occurred in (additional info and facts about Fergana Valley) Fergana Valley, (A landlocked republic in west central Asia; formerly an Asian soviet) Uzbekistan as a result of growing ethnic tensions in the overcrowded and poverty-ridden area of Fergana.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/me/meskhetians.htm (256 words)

	Middle East Institute: Policy Brief
		As Turkish-speaking Muslims, Meskhetian Turks had strong social ties to Turkey and proved as a group to be resistant to Soviet assimilation.
		Tensions between Meskhetians and other groups came to a head in 1989 with what Pohl characterized as a pogrom against a Meskhetian community living in the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan: about 100 Meskhetians were killed and their houses burnt.
		Meskhetians have not issued formal statements on the pipeline, Pohl says, but questions of compensation will have to be addressed in the near future.
	www.mideasti.org /articles/doc199.html (815 words)

	Meskhetians - Wikinfo
		Meskhetians (Meskhs) are ethnic Georgians, indigenous population of Meskheti (Samtskhe-Javakheti region of theRepublic of Georgia).
		Meskhetian Turks are the former Muslim inhabitants of Meskheti (Georgia), along the border with Turkey.
		In May 1989 a pogrom of Meskhetian Turks occurred in Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan as a result of growing ethnic tensions in the overcrowded and poverty-ridden area of Fergana.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Meskhetians (658 words)

	MINELREL-L Archive (04102002-13:06:15-995)
		From: MINELRES moderator Original sender: Alexander Ossipov Meskhetian Turks are on the brink of expultion MESKHETIAN TURKS IN KRASNODAR ARE ON THE BRINK OF EXPULTION.
		Meskhetians, like other people who did not have propiska by 1992 and in defiance to the Russian citizenship law of 1991 are not officially recognised as Russian nationals.
		The attack on the Meskhetian Turks in Krasnodar must be viewed at the moment as a part of the countrywide 'mop-up operation' against the former USSR citizens.
	www.minelres.lv /minelres/archive/04102002-13:06:15-995.html (1480 words)

	Don Macnaughtan - Lane Community College Library - Bibliography of the Meskhetians
		The flag of the Meskhetian people is a horizontal tricolor of white, red and fl, with a vertical green stripe on the hoist, charged with a white crescent moon.
		The Meskhetians originally lived in the Meskhetian Range, a region in the south of the Republic of Georgia, along the Turkish border.
		"Meskhetian Turks, Kurds and Khemshils." Ethnic Cleansing in the USSR, 1937-1949.
	www.lanecc.edu /library/don/meskflag.htm (1042 words)

	Union of Councils for Soviet Jews: Meskhetian Turks in Krasnodar on the Brink of Expulsion
		Between 15,000-18,000 Meskhetian Turks (or Meskhetians) reside in Krasnodar Krai, a southern region of Russia, and are currently in danger of mass expulsion by regional authorities.
		Some 11,000-13,000 Meskhetian Turks in Krasnodar are deprived of almost all civil, political, and social rights because they still do not have registration to this day.
		In 2001, two Meskhetians whose access to court was denied brought an action before the European Court on Human Rights under articles 6(1), 13 and 14 of the ECHR and are awaiting a decision.
	www.fsumonitor.com /stories/041602Russia.shtml (1441 words)

	Dissertation Abstract: Shallow Roots: The Exile Experiences of Russian-Germans, Crimean Tatars and Meskhetian Turks in ...
		The dissertation, titled "Shallow Roots: The Exile Experiences of Russian-Germans, Crimean Tatars and Meskhetian Turks in Comparative Perspective," is a comparative study of three ethnic groups in the former Soviet Union who were deported by Stalin's government in 1941 and 1944.
		The regime confined the Russian-Germans, Karachais, Kalmyks, Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, Crimean Tatars and Meskhetian Turks to involuntary areas of settlement in these regions.
		The Meskhetian Turks preserved their native language and culture the best of the three groups.
	www.iccrimea.org /scholarly/pohl-abstract.html (441 words)

	Ethnic Turks flee Russia for better life in Tukwila
		Meskhetian Turks are beginning to integrate into U.S. society.
		Comprehending the circumstances of the Meskhetian Turks, who arrived in Washington a year ago this month as refugees and are still coming, requires a crash course in history, politics and geography.
		Considering the history of the Meskhetian Turks, some of the refugees say their new freedoms seem too good to be true to friends and family in Russia.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /local/261937_turks07.html?source=rss (1303 words)

	Georgia readies to tackle return of Meskhetian Turks - Turkish Daily News Apr 23, 2006
		Meskhetian Turks are the former Muslim inhabitants of Meskheti (now Georgia) in an area bordering Turkey.
		Approximately 90,000 Meskhetian Turks were deported to other parts of Central Asia in 1944 by former Soviet ruler Josef Stalin and resettled within Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.
		Khaindrava described the repatriation process of the Meskhetian Turks as challenging and said the issue had two dimensions: the physical return process -- which he said was voluntary -- and its financial aspect.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /article.php?enewsid=41469 (877 words)

	[No title]
		Georgia agreed as a condition of admission to the Council of Europe to accept the return of the Meskhetian Turks, yet they have not fulfilled their pledge, or when Meskhetians are accepted for return, impose conditions upon the Meskhetians that they “Georgianize” if they want to return.
		Meskhetian Turks work very hard and are enviously noted for their work by others in the Krai.
		Meskhetian women are in charge of cooking and would be familiar with stoves and ovens, but not a microwave or other high-end appliances (blenders, mixers, etc.).
	www.tacam.org /Documents/AhiskaTurksQA.doc (1322 words)

	Refugee & Immigration Services at Lutheran Social Services
		The Meskhetian Turks originate from the country of Georgia, located north of Turkey and south east of Russia.
		In Uzbekistan, the Meskhetian Turks faced extensive harassment from the native population, which resented their placement.
		The Meskhetian Turks are Hanafite Muslims (Bethany, 1).
	www.lsswis.org /Programs/refugee/meskhetian.htm (451 words)

	Mekhetian Turks as a particularly vulnerable group
		First, Turks live in dozens of regions of the RF and in other CIS states but reports of “conflicts” and “tension” are coming only from the Krasnodar territory, where the Meskhetian Turks are deprived of their rights and where a campaign of “forcing them out” has been launched.
		Many Turks were denied re-registration for various far-fetched reasons: registration was refused to those who could not produce certificates of earlier registration, who had been permanently registered in other regions of Russia, and who rented and did not own their dwellings.
		The terms “Turks from Meskhetia” and “Meskhetian Turks” originated and were used in the 1960s-70s within the movement for return of the Meshketians to Georgia and as of the late 1980s have been widely employed by mass media, special literature and among Meshketian Turkish activists themselves.
	www.mhg.ru /english/1FD0794 (7739 words)

	MESKHETIAN TURKS ARE FLEEING FROM RUSSIA / Diplomatic Observer
		Acara Turks who were forced to immigrate from Fergani and Azerbaijan Turks who were displaced by force from Armenia, settled in Hocalı as time passes.
		Meskheitan Turks who were exiled from Georgia’s Akhalkalaki (Javakheti) to Middle Asia with the order of the leader of the USSR Stalin in 1944 and remained homeless since then are on their way to the USA nowadays.
		Meskhetian Turks of Krasnodar who do not possess residency rights are isolated in their townships and villages.
	www.diplomaticobserver.com /news_read.asp?id=1355 (1372 words)

	The Seattle Times: Local News: Refugees' road leads to Tukwila
		The Khalilov family, Meskhetian Turks from Russia's Krasnodar region, is part of the latest wave of refugees to the Seattle area.
		As one of the newest refugee groups to move to the Seattle area, the Meskhetian Turks are not unique in experiencing culture shock and disorientation.
		Meskhetian Turks and Russians were taught separately, and the Meskhetians were not allowed to continue school past eighth grade.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/localnews/2002848990_turks7m.html (995 words)

	Cultural Survival
		On November 14, 1944, the Meskhetian Turks were forcefully evicted from Georgia under the pretense of "fortifying strategically vulnerable borders." The supposition at the time was that the Soviet Union planned to attack Turkey, and the Meskhets might side with the latter.
		Within 24 hours, over 100,000 Meskhetian Turks were forced from their homes, herded into wagons meant for livestock, and exiled to the deserts and steppes of Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
		For a half century, the Meskhetian Turks have been trying to obtain a just end, but now only the single hope of returning to their homeland seems to unite this people, to whom the words "homeland" and "freedom" have melded into one.
	www.cs.org /publications/csq/csq-article.cfm?id=256 (1420 words)

	Chapter One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Meskhetian Turk anxiety is heightened by the general economic insecurity in the former Soviet Union, in which fierce competition for jobs, housing and essential services can heighten interethnic tension.
		The precise number of Meskhetian Turks who were forcibly removed from their homeland is difficult to pinpoint.
		The level of discrimination is such that Meskhetian Turk leaders, as well as international observers, warn about the possibility of interethnic disturbances that, for the third time in the last 55 years, could culminate in the forced displacement of thousands of Meskhetian Turks.
	www2.soros.org /fmp2/html/meskone.html (1736 words)

	The situation of the deported Meskhetian population
		The Parliamentary Assembly is concerned by the situation of Meskhetian Turks who, as a result of the Soviet regime’s ethnic policy, were forcibly removed in 1944 from their homeland in south-west Georgia, now known as Samtskhe-Javakheti, to other parts of the then Soviet Union.
		After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Meskhetian Turks in the Krasnodar region were not recognised as Russian citizens and remain de facto stateless due to an arbitrary interpretation of the legislation in force at the time and contrary to the 1991 law of the Russian Federation on citizenship.
		Independently from the prospect of repatriation, the Russian authorities should ensure that the question of the Meskhetian Turks’ legal status is resolved and that the 1991 law on citizenship as well as the Russian Federation’s Constitutional and Supreme Courts’ ruling that residence registration is not a precondition for citizenship, are respected.
	assembly.coe.int /Documents/AdoptedText/ta05/ERES1428.htm (938 words)

	Armenian News - PanARMENIAN.Net \| Armenian News Agency - Meskhetian Turks Are Returning To Georgia, But Not To Javakhk
		Azeris principally call Meskhetian Turks “Akhaltsikhe Turks”, whereas it is known that before deportation there were not many Turks in Akhaltsikhe and other Armenian populated regions.
		Akhaltsikhe Turks mainly lived in the northern regions of Samtskhe Djavakhetia, which was not populated by Armenians.
		It was made with an aim to improve the security of state border, since Meskhetian Turks actively cooperated with the agents of Fascist Germany and prepared grounds for Turkish invasion.
	www.panarmenian.net /details/eng/?nid=658 (794 words)

	MSN Encarta - Uzbekistan
		Some of these emigrants are members of ethnic groups that were forcibly exiled en masse to Uzbekistan under the directive of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin during World War II (1939-1945).
		Thus, the Meskhetian Turks, who had been deported from Georgia, have almost all left Uzbekistan.
		Clashes did occur between Meskhetian Turks and Uzbeks in 1989; the conflict was attributed to the high levels of unemployment and the shortage of housing in the Fergana Valley.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761551989_2/Uzbekistan.html (1183 words)

	The Meskhetian Turks
		The term Meskhetian Turks refers to a group of people in Russia (especially the region of Krasnodar) who have faced a long history of discrimination and displacement.
		Unfortunately, just as the Turks were beginning to rebuild their lives in diaspora, ethnic tensions began to grow between the newcomers and established groups in the area.
		Despite these challenges, however, the Turks are endearing themselves to resettlement staff and volunteers alike with their openness, hospitality, and desire to make a good life for their families.
	www.davidredd.com /professional/mturks/MTurks.html (968 words)

	Feature News
		However, in the Krasnodar Krai the Meskhetian Turks face hostility from administrative authorities and the paramilitary Cossacks and are consistently denied their rights.
		Because the Meskhetian Turks lack citizenship and residence status, they are unable to fully access social services in Russia or work in formal economic sectors.
		Meskhetians are sometimes evicted from their houses because of a lack of formal ownership documents.
	www.kyrm.org /news (442 words)

	IngentaConnect People in exile: The oral history of Meskhetian Turks ( Akhyskha ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This paper examines the plight of the Meskhetian Turks (Akhyskha Turkleri) originally from Georgia, who subsequently relocated to Central Asia by order of Stalin, later migrated to Russia just prior to the break-up of the USSR, and in the post-Soviet era, a sizeable population immigrated to the United States.
		After researching the subject and conducting interviews with a number of Meskhetian Turks residing in the US coming from various professional and socio-economic backgrounds, my findings suggest that the most prominent feature of these people is their multiple, non-voluntary relocations and experience of discrimination by host populations everywhere.
		Indeed, like most other minorities persecuted by majority rule worldwide, the hardships of the Meskhetian Turks are derived from social and political conditions not of their making—it is as though they have been the pawns in a world shaped largely by local and international political agendas.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/routledg/cjmm/2006/00000026/00000001/art00004 (274 words)

	MINELRES: Washington Post on Meskhetian Turks (and Hemshins, Yezids, Kurds)
		In interviews, leaders of the Meskhetian community expressed dismay that the Russian government has not curbed the actions of the local authorities and has said it intends to formalize the role of the Cossacks as an auxiliary force in law enforcement nationwide.
		Meskhetians say local officials also have blocked implementation of a more recent law that on paper makes it easier for them to obtain Russian citizenship.
		In meetings of international organizations, Russian officials have said that the Meskhetian Turks should be repatriated to Georgia, their historic homeland.
	lists.microlink.lv /pipermail/minelres/2005-November/004321.html (1348 words)

	The Meskhetian Turks
		There are 350,000 Meskhetian Turks (pronounced "mesh-KET-ien TURKS") who are a people without a country.
		Because the Meskhetian Turks are widely scattered, it will take a special team of people called to reach this Muslim people group.
		Pray for God to call two "God-fearing" Meskhetian Turks, "Nabi" and "Ali", to follow Jesus as Messiah and start a house church among their family.
	centralasia.imb.org /pray/MeshketianTurks.html (285 words)

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