Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

Mesoamerican Long Count calendar - Factbites
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Topic: Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

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	Encyclopedia: Mayan calendar
		The Maya Long Count Calendar is a subset of the Maya calendar used by the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization.
		There was also a Long Count which started at 13.0.0.0.0 on August 11, 3114 BC according to the "Goodman, Martinez-Hernandez, Thompson" correlation (nicknamed "GMT"), the most widely accepted correlation between the Maya and Gregorian calendar.
		In the Mesoamerican calendars, Calendar Round dates are composed by interlacing the dates of the Tzolkin 260 day period (eg the Tzolkin) with that of the 365 day period (known in the Maya language as the Haab).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mayan-calendar

	History & info - the Mayan calendar
		The Maya calendar was adopted by the other Mesoamerican nations, such as the Aztecs and the Toltec, which adopted the mechanics of the calendar unaltered but changed the names of the days of the week and the months.
		When the Long Count was put into motion, it was started at 7.13.0.0.0, and 0 Yaxkin corresponded with Midwinter Day, as it did at 13.0.0.0.0 back in 3114 B.C.E. The available evidence indicates that the Mayas estimated that a 365-day year precessed through all the seasons twice in 7.13.0.0.0 or 1,101,600 days.
		The Haab was the civil calendar of the Mayas.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-mayan.html

	Maya Links and Calculators
		Mesoamerican Calendars (Resonate) Another great site, with an introduction by Jenkins, loads on the correlation issue, with a reply from Arguelles over his Dreamspell count, which misses a day every leap year, unlike the Tzolkin count still used in Guatemala, which is unbroken.
		Long Count and Calendar round (Tzolkin and Haab) calculator for AD dates - BC dates are all 364 days out (i.e.
		Gregorian, Julian date, Jewish, French Revolutionary, Julian day number, OF calendar, Mayan Long Count, (including Pictuns), Tzolkin and Haab: all convert into each other, plus ancient Egyptian calendar and Gregorian day of week.
	www.diagnosis2012.co.uk /mlink.htm

	Maya Links and Calculators
		Mesoamerican Calendars (Resonate) Another great site, with an introduction by Jenkins, loads on the correlation issue, with a reply from Arguelles over his Dreamspell count, which misses a day every leap year, unlike the Tzolkin count still used in Guatemala, which is unbroken.
		Gregorian, Julian date, Jewish, French Revolutionary, Julian day number, OF calendar, Mayan Long Count, (including Pictuns), Tzolkin and Haab: all convert into each other, plus ancient Egyptian calendar and Gregorian day of week.
		calendars including Maya Long Count, Calendar Round (=Tzolkin and Haab); Gregorian, Julian day; Julian date; Persian; Islamic; Hebrew, Bahai; Egyptian; Coptic; Armenian; Balinese; Chinese.
	www.diagnosis2012.co.uk /mlink.htm (3417 words)

	Mesoamerican calendars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This 52 year cycle was by far the most important for most Mesoamericans, with the apparent exception of the Maya elite until the end of the Classic Era, who gave equal importance to the Maya Long Count Calendar.
		While the Julian calendar came to the region when it was conquered by Spain in the 16th century, and the Gregorian calendar is now in general use, in a few communities some Native Americans of the area still use the ancient count of days as well.
		Other calendar cycles were also kept track of, such as a lunar calendar, as well as the cycles of other astronomical objects, most importanly Venus.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars (300 words)

	Mesoamerican Calendars
		The Aztec (also known as Mexica or Nahua) calendar is derived from the Maya but excludes the long count and adds a year name which is also formed with a numeral (1-13) and 1 of 4 signs in a cycle of 52 years (Xiuhmolpilli).
		Finally, many other Mesoamerican cultures, notably the Olmecs who are credited with the invention of the Mesoamerican calendar, had adopted similar calendars as the Mayas and the Aztecs.
		The Zapotecs are believed to have invented the Mesoamerican ritual calendar of 260 days.
	www.geocities.com /a1ma_mia/calendar/mesocal.html (829 words)

	Maya Links and Calculators
		Mesoamerican Calendars (Resonate) Another great site, with an introduction by Jenkins, loads on the correlation issue, with a reply from Arguelles over his Dreamspell count, which misses a day every leap year, unlike the Tzolkin count still used in Guatemala, which is unbroken.
		calendars including Maya Long Count, Calendar Round (=Tzolkin and Haab); Gregorian, Julian day; Julian date; Persian; Islamic; Hebrew, Bahai; Egyptian; Coptic; Armenian; Balinese; Chinese.
		Gregorian, Julian day, Julian date, Persian, Indian, Hebrew, Baha'i, Islamic, French republic, ISO, Unix, Excel and Mayan Long Count, Tzolkin and Haab - all convert into each other.
	www.diagnosis2012.co.uk /mlink.htm (829 words)

	THE MAYAN CALENDAR - WHY 260 DAYS?
		If this cycle is in fact a previously unknown Mesoamerican interlocking cycle then the Long Count, based on the 360 day Tun, could be considered as a lunar calendar which would track the lunar month for over 100 years before it needed correction.
		Why have no Mesoamerican cycles been recorded linking lunations to the Long count?
		The most important Mesoamerican ritual period was the Tzolkin, a calendar of great age in Mesoamerica, with a period of 260 days; made up of a repeating sequence of the numbers one to 13, and 20 day names.
	www.spiderorchid.com /mesoamerica/mesoamerica.htm (829 words)

	A New Look at Ancient Astronomy
		he calendar adhered to by early Mesoamericans is of additional interest in the regard that their week plan of 13 days appears to have been used to determine a long cycle of 364 days.
		Assuming that the years were "collected" or "bundled up" every 52 years--perhaps through an exception for the scribe of day zero--it can be recognized that the resulting number of calendar days would inherently have been reduced by the count of 1 day.
		Thus, it is possible to interpret that early Mesoamericans would have been capable of reckoning each "calendar round" of 52 years to within the average limits of 18992.62969 days.
	www.creation-answers.com /cref.htm (829 words)

	Maya Links and Calculators
		Mesoamerican Calendars (Resonate) Another great site, with an introduction by Jenkins, loads on the correlation issue, with a reply from Arguelles over his Dreamspell count, which misses a day every leap year, unlike the Tzolkin count still used in Guatemala, which is unbroken.
		Gregorian, Julian date, Jewish, French Revolutionary, Julian day number, OF calendar, Mayan Long Count, (including Pictuns), Tzolkin and Haab: all convert into each other, plus ancient Egyptian calendar and Gregorian day of week.
		MayaCal 1.2 is a calendar app for exploring the Maya, Julian and Gregorian calendars.
	www.diagnosis2012.co.uk /mlink.htm (3417 words)

	Maya Links and Calculators
		Mesoamerican Calendars (Resonate) Another great site, with an introduction by Jenkins, loads on the correlation issue, with a reply from Arguelles over his Dreamspell count, which misses a day every leap year, unlike the Tzolkin count still used in Guatemala, which is unbroken.
		Gregorian, Julian date, Jewish, French Revolutionary, Julian day number, OF calendar, Mayan Long Count, (including Pictuns), Tzolkin and Haab: all convert into each other, plus ancient Egyptian calendar and Gregorian day of week.
		MayaCal 1.2 is a calendar app for exploring the Maya, Julian and Gregorian calendars.
	www.diagnosis2012.co.uk /mlink.htm (3417 words)

	Maya Links and Calculators
		Mesoamerican Calendars (Resonate) Another great site, with an introduction by Jenkins, loads on the correlation issue, with a reply from Arguelles over his Dreamspell count, which misses a day every leap year, unlike the Tzolkin count still used in Guatemala, which is unbroken.
		Gregorian, Julian date, Jewish, French Revolutionary, Julian day number, OF calendar, Mayan Long Count, (including Pictuns), Tzolkin and Haab: all convert into each other, plus ancient Egyptian calendar and Gregorian day of week.
		MayaCal 1.2 is a calendar app for exploring the Maya, Julian and Gregorian calendars.
	www.diagnosis2012.co.uk /mlink.htm (3417 words)

	Prehispanic Calendars
		Year 1-13 Sign Day 1-13 Sign Month Name [19] Day# The Aztec (also known as Mexica or Nahua) calendar is derived from the Maya but excludes the long count and adds a year name which is also formed with a numeral (1-13) and 1 of 4 signs in a cycle of 52 years (Xiuhmolpilli).
		Finally, many other Mesoamerican cultures, notably the Olmecs who are credited with the invention of the Mesoamerican calendar, had adopted similar calendars as the Mayas and the Aztecs.
		The correlation with the Gregorian calendar is due to Alfonso Caso.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~rjsalvad/scmfaq/calendar.html (442 words)

	Maya Calendar
		The long count and calendar round were the basic elements of the Maya calendar, used to date inscriptions and time rituals.
		The calendar round was the longest calendrical period recorded by the Aztecs and other Mesoamerican peoples outside the Maya zone.
		Calendar conversion programs are quite useful because they do the tedious arithmetic required to find an exact correlation.
	members.shaw.ca /mjfinley/calnote.htm (3657 words)

	Justeson et. al
		Gregorian equivalents of these epi-Olmec dates, expressed in the so-called "long count" calendar, are based on a 584,265 correlation constant, making them 18 to 20 days earlier than the corresponding Mayan dates would be under the two variants of the almost universally accepted correlation of that system with European chronology.
		in the epi-Olmec language; MG = morpheme-by-morpheme gloss of
		She facilitated our work in particular by granting us access to the museum when it was closed to the public, especially at night, and by helping us with the physical arrangements to make accurate tracing of the text possible.
	www.sciencemag.org /feature/data/justeson.shl (3657 words)

	mesoexamstudy1.html
		The Mesoamerican calendars: 365 day solar; 260 day sacred; calendar round; long count.
		Origin of Mesoamerican agriculture and the importance of maize, beans, squashes, chili, etc.
		Defining features of the Mesoamerican cultural tradition and culture area
	www.santarosa.edu /~mbond/mesoexamstudy1.html (130 words)

	Response to Counterarguments / Appendix 5 to Maya Cosmogenesis 2012 by John Major Jenkins
		Schele (1996) suggests that twenty baktuns is preferable to thirteen baktuns because it is in accordance with the vigesimal counting system used in Mesoamerican mathematics.
		Since all Long Count dates ever found were recorded with the assumption that 13.0.0.0.0, 4 Ahau 8 Cumku (August 11, 3114 B.C. according to the 584283 correlation) equals zero, the early Maya clearly understood a cycle of thirteen-baktuns to be the significant creation cycle.
		Pacal's twenty-baktun period is an exception; it does not speak for how his contemporaries understood when the creation cycle begins anew, nor does it reflect what the Long Count's inventors apparently had in mind (which we will get to shortly).
	www.alignment2012.com /app5.htm (130 words)

	Why 2012?
		December 21st, 2012 (13.0.0.0.0 in the Long Count) therefore represents an extremely close conjunction of the winter solstice sun with the crossing point of Galactic Equator and the ecliptic, what the ancient Maya recognized as the Sacred Tree.
		Why did the ancient Mayan or pre-Maya choose December 21st, 2012 A.D., as the end of their Long Count calendar?
		However, the accuracy of the conjunction of 2012 is quite astounding, beyond anything deemed calculable by the ancient Maya, and serves well to represent the perfect mid-point of the process.
	www.levity.com /eschaton/Why2012.html (4477 words)

	Maya Links and Calculators
		Mesoamerican Calendars (Resonate) Another great site, with an introduction by Jenkins, loads on the correlation issue, with a reply from Arguelles over his Dreamspell count, which misses a day every leap year, unlike the Tzolkin count still used in Guatemala, which is unbroken.
		Includes: three sets of glyphs (Tzolkin, Haab, and Sun Stone / Tonalamatli); notes on mayan history and language; 6 languages (English, Spanish/Español, Yukatek, K'iche, Tzotzil, Nahuatl); 3 interpretations of day signs; long count and countdown to new era in 2012.
		PC software for Maya Calendar conversion which allows a variety of different kinds of conversion, and accommodates user settings for the correlation number, the yearbearer system and the haab month base number.
	www.diagnosis2012.co.uk /mlink.htm (3417 words)

	Maya Calendar
		Almost all Mayanists agree that the base date of the long count is in 3114 BC, but there are three versions of the accepted GMT correlation, placing creation on either August 11, 12, or 13.
		Earlier 8 Kumk'u katun ends occurred before the rise of Mesoamerican civilization, and later examples are long after the LC appeared in inscriptions.
		Vincent Malmström suggests that August 13 was chosen as the base date because the sun is at the zenith on this date at Izapa, an important pre-Classical site in Chiapis, where he argues the Maya calendar originated.
	members.shaw.ca /mjfinley/calnote.htm (3657 words)

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Topic: Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

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