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Topic: Mesopotamian

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Mesopotania

Mesopotamia

Sumer

Babylonian

Hurrians

Uruk

Eridu

Cradle of Civilization

Nippur

History of Mesopotamia

Dilmun

Akkadian mythology

Sumerian

Iraqi

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	Mesopotamian art
		Mesopotamian art was largely used to glorify powerful dynasties, and often reflected the belief that kingship and the divine were closely interlocked.
		Unlike the other southern Mesopotamian peoples, the Assyrians had access to large quantities of stone, and their many carved reliefs have consequently survived well.
		The Babylonians practised all the Mesopotamian arts and excelled in brightly coloured glazed tiles, used to create relief sculptures.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0039818.html (0 words)

	Mesopotamian Art and Architecture - MSN Encarta
		Mesopotamian Art and Architecture, the art and architecture of the ancient Middle Eastern civilizations that developed in the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers from prehistoric times but chiefly spanning the period from about 3500 bc to the 6th century bc.
		The lower parts of the Mesopotamian region encompassed a fertile plain, and it was here that the first cities of the ancient world developed, together with royalty and priesthood that each demanded imposing palaces and temples, decorated with wall paintings, inlays, bas-reliefs, and statues.
		Just as Mesopotamian political control and artistic influences spread to neighbouring cultures, at times reaching as far as the Syro-Palestinian coast, so techniques and motifs from outlying areas had an impact on Mesopotamian centres.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563062/Mesopotamian_Art_and_Architecture.html (1729 words)

	Mesopotamian religion - CDLI Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This explains the Mesopotamians' concern for proper burial of the dead, along with their belief that personal misfortune often stemmed from a lack of propitiating a certain family spirit or god.
		The Mesopotamians understood divination to be an empirical, rational effort to correlate divinely ordained causes with earthly effects.
		The Mesopotamians believed it was possible in certain instances to transfer evil or divine wrath from one subject onto a substitute.
	cdli.ucla.edu:16080 /wiki/index.php/Mesopotamian_religion (1699 words)

	MEDICINE IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
		Mesopotamian diseases are often blamed on pre-existing spirits: gods, ghosts, etc. However, each spirit was held responsible for only one of what we would call a disease in any one part of the body.
		The first type of practitioner was the ashipu, in older accounts of Mesopotamian medicine often called a "sorcerer." One of the most important roles of the ashipu was to diagnose the ailment.
		The Mesopotamian believed that the rivers had the power to care away evil substances and forces that were causing the illness.
	www.indiana.edu /~ancmed/meso.HTM (2257 words)

	Ziggurats - Crystalinks
		Ziggurats were a form of temple common to the Sumerians, Babylonians and Assyrians of ancient Mesopotamia.The earliest examples of the ziggurat date from the end of the third millennium BCE and the latest date from the 6th century BCE.
		The Biblical account of the Tower of Babel may be based on Mesopotamian ziggurats.
		For cultic purposes the Mesopotamians thought mud to be the purest of substances.
	www.crystalinks.com /ziggurat.html (1718 words)

	ArtLex on Mesopotamian art
		Mesopotamians built canals to distribute water throughout the land, uniting thousands of villagers.
		The Mesopotamians' need to control the water for these uses gave strength to their political leaders, and led to the development of the city-state — among them were Ur, Ashur, Ninevah, Nimrud, Emech, Kish, Umma, Erech, Lagash, Tello, Nippur, Larsa, and Babylon.
		This is one of many Mesopotamian objects that have recently been lost or stolen from Iraq's museums and have yet to be recovered.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/m/mesopotamian.html (0 words)

	Mesopotamian Mythology - Ancinet-Mythology.com
		Mesopotamian mythology is essentially the combination of Babylonian, Assyrian, Akkadian and Sumerian religions.
		Mesopotamian mythology was also influenced by other surrounding cultures, including the Hittites and the Phoenicians.
		Given this diverse background, some areas of Mesopotamian myth are inconsistent, as some groups and tribes held to some of their original beliefs, while incorporating some of others.
	www.ancient-mythology.com /mesopotamian (171 words)

	Mesopotamian art and architecture
		Mesopotamian art and architecture were produced by the diverse peoples who occupied the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers from about 3500 to 539 BC.
		The many different Mesopotamian peoples and their shifting foci of power did not permit the cultural uniformity and continuity that are reflected in the contemporaneous artistic and architectural traditions of ancient Egypt.
		Southern Mesopotamian cities were built around temples, and the main temple in each city was dedicated to the chief god or goddess of that city.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/Architec/AncientArchitectural/Mesopotamian/Mesopotamianart/Mesopotamianart.htm (3380 words)

	Mesopotamian myth
		Mesopotamian legends, such as Gilgamesh, differ in a key way from Biblical legends.
		Mesopotamian myths emphasize a free exchange between the realms of the living and the dead.
		For example, the bodies of the dead were buried with food and servants, to see them on their way in the spiritual realm, which was envisioned to be much like the realm they had just left.
	deoxy.org /alephnull/meso.htm (499 words)

	Hope for the Mesopotamian Marshlands
		The great Mesopotamian Marshlands, one of the iconic wetlands of the world, were inhabited by a proud people, inheritors of the Sumerian civilisation, with a vibrant culture and a unique architecture based on the ingenuous use of reeds.
		Already a considerable number of the Ma'dan have returned to their wetland villages, and, in spite of a variety of difficulties, the outcome for the future may be considered as positive.
		All in all, the potential contribution of the Ramsar Convention to the rehabilitation of the Mesopotamian Marshlands was highly appreciated by the participants, who would welcome a more active role by this international body.
	www.ramsar.org /wn/w.n.iraq_unep1.htm (0 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Mesopotamian Menus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Indeed, the Mesopotamians, according to ancient art and texts, had a large and gastronomically advanced menu.
		Two vessels were invented, or refined, by the Mesopotamians to allow cooking in a liquid medium: the metal cauldron, for quick, pre-cooking steps such as browning, and a closed clay pot for simmering.
		Additionally, says Bottéro, truly recreating the Mesopotamian dishes is practically impossible because of the difficulty in matching the original ingredients precisely, and because of the tantalizing shorthand in which the recipes were written.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/198802/mesopotamian.menus.htm (1651 words)

	Mesopotamian Mathematics
		We explain the origins of mathematics in Mesopotamia from the earliest tokens, through the development of Sumerian mathematics to the grand flowering in the Old Babylonian period, and on into the later periods of Mesopotamian history.
		A summary chronology of the main periods of Mesopotamian history and the mathematics associated with them.
		A short summary of the main phases of growth in Mesopotamian mathematics.
	it.stlawu.edu /~dmelvill/mesomath/index.html (0 words)

	Mesopotamian Marshlands
		Originally covering an estimated area of 15,000 - 20,000 km2, the Mesopotamian marshlands are one of the world's great wetlands whose aquatic ecosystem has supported unique human communities for millennia.
		Comprising the largest wetland ecosystem in Southwest Asia, their global significance stems from the role they play in the intercontinental migration of birds, and for sustaining rare and endemic flora and fauna, important jewels in the biodiversity crown.
		The results of this study, "The Mesopotamian Marshlands: Demise of an Ecosystem" was published in 2001 and was accompanied with an interactive IMS-based website (prototype), a suite of maps, and posters to help raise regional and global awareness about the scale and significance of environmental change in one of the world's leading water flashpoints.
	www.grid.unep.ch /activities/sustainable/tigris/index.php (494 words)

	UN Chronicle \| The Demise of Mesopotamian Marshlands
		Around 85 per cent of the Mesopotamian marshlands - the largest wetland in the Middle East and one of the most outstanding freshwater ecosystems in the world - have been lost mainly as a result of drainage and damming, according to a report released by the United Nations Environment Programme.
		Despite intermittent warnings against the imminent decline of the Mesopotamian marshlands, there has been little immediate action to avoid such a fate, the report of UNEP explains.
		Mesopotamian marshlands have effectively been relegated to the history books, a landscape of the past.
	www.un.org /Pubs/chronicle/2002/issue2/0202p44_mesopotamian_marshlands.html (887 words)

	Mesopotamian Art Lesson
		Unlike their southern neighbors, the Mesopotamian area was in conflict between warring nations very frequently.
		Most of the cultures in the Mesopotamian area were polytheistic.
		Mesopotamian sculptures also included mythical creatures at times.
	www.historylink101.com /lessons/art_history_lessons/mesopotamian_art_lesson.htm (272 words)

	Talaria Enterprises Museum Store Mesopotamian Standard of Ur Sumerian Ceramic Mug from British Museum
		The laws on this tablet are from the Laws of Lipit-Ishta, the fifth ruler of the first Dynasty of Isin (1934-1924 BCE) and follows the laws written by Ur-Nammu (2112-2095 BCE).
		This is an authentic reproduction of a 5,000 year old Mesopotamian pouring vessel.
		The clay figurines of the Mesopotamian Ishtar/Inanna/Ashtart in her characteristic breast-offering pose has come to be known among archaeologists as "The Ishtar Pose".
	www.talariaenterprises.com /product_lists/mesopotamian.html (1209 words)

	Mesopotamian Mythology : Gods, Goddesses, Spirits, Legends
		It was first produced in clay tablet form - we had to wait several thousand years for the paperback edition.
		Many Mesopotamian Gods have Sumerian and Akkadian variations.
		So if you live in the region and would like to comment, we'd love to hear from you.
	www.godchecker.com /pantheon/mesopotamian-mythology.php (0 words)

	A Mesopotamian Pantheon
		An agrarian deity, responsible for the invention of the plow, and Lord of the grain harvest.
		He has strong Underworld associations as well; the beloved of Inanna, He is taken by minions of Nergal to the depths when She visits the Final Land and then seeks to leave.
		They never held Mesopotamian territory to any significant degree, but were a major power in the region in their era.
	web.raex.com /~obsidian/MesoPan.html (2811 words)

	mesopotamian music - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library
		Embracing Inana: Legitimation and Mediation in the Ancient Mesopotamian Sacred Marriage Hymn Iddin-Dagan A
		...are wasted and desolate, the sounds of soft and luxurious music that once floated on the soft Assyrian breezes have yielded...denial of coevalness," which essentializes the contemporary Mesopotamian land and its inhabitants as moral and historical inheritors...
		He is portrayed with a bare chest and...lazuli, pictures the bull as the revered Mesopotamian fertility symbol.
	www.questia.com /SM.qst?act=search&keywordsSearchType=1000&keywords=mesopotamian-music (1361 words)

	Two Odonata Citations in Ancient Mesopotamian Literature, Cultural Entomology Digest 1
		Forming a foundation for the Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations, this area was occupied from approximately 3500 to 500 B.C. Mesopotamian civilizations are well known for their wonderful masterpieces of art; many of which can be seen in famous museums like the Louvre, the British Museum, and the Iraq Museum.
		Perhaps this part of the poem draws similarity between the river filling up with bodies and swarms of dragonflies, flying in the sky.
		Both of these citations of ancient Mesopotamian literature, clearly shows that these people, regardless of their scientific awareness, were touched enough by the wonders of insects, including dragonflies, to reference them within the literature of their time.
	www.insects.org /ced1/mes_lit.html (601 words)

	Politics Mesopotamian style - US News and World Report
		Politics Mesopotamian style - US News and World Report
		BAGHDAD--In his well-appointed living room, Mustafa Ibrahim has been fidgeting in his chair for half an hour.
		Use of this Web site constitutes acceptance of our Terms and Conditions of Use and Privacy Policy.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/news/articles/060109/9politics.htm (0 words)

	Detroit Institute of Arts : Permanent Collection - Ancient Art - Mesopotamia
		These later gave way to centrally controlled empires which spread through conquest.
		The northern Mesopotamian kingdom of Assyria, in existence by 1500 B.C., would become a great empire between the 9th and the 7th centuries B.C. The kings of this mountainous region were conquerors who led their armies on an endless succession of foreign campaigns and celebrated their success by building and decorating enormous stone palaces.
		Royal archives of inscribed clay tablets have left us a vast encyclopedia of Mesopotamian history.
	www.dia.org /collections/ancient/mesopotamia/mesopotamia.html (0 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Mesopotamian Front
		First World War.com - Battles - The Mesopotamian Front
		This section contains details of the major actions fought on the Mesopotamian Front - present-day Iraq - during the First World War.
		These include the many epic struggles fought along the banks of the River Tigris; from the seemingly unstoppable advance of the British throughout 1915 to the resurgence of their Turk opposition in 1916 culminating in the British humiliation at Kut-al-Amara in April 1916.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/mf.htm (0 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:acm
		Mesopotamian Qeltu Arabic, Mesopotamian Gelet Arabic, Baghdadi Arabic, Iraqi Arabic, Furati
		Geographical and sectarian divisions correlate with Iraqi dialects.
		This web edition of the Ethnologue contains all the content of the print edition and may be cited as:
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=acm (95 words)

	ART HISTORY RESOURCES ON THE WEB: Mesopotamian Art
		Mesopotamian Art in the Gregorian Egyptian Museum (through The Holy See, The Vatican)
		Mesopotamian Art in the collection of the Detroit Institute of Art
		Mesopotamian Art in the collection of the Museu Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon
	witcombe.sbc.edu /ARTHmesopotamian.html (506 words)

	Babylonian medicine - CDLI Wiki
		Finally, it is hoped that this project may contribute to the wider discipline of the History of Medicine by relating the Mesopotamian material to contemporary and later traditions of medicine in Egypt and Greece, and by making the Mesopotamian sources readily available to scholars in these areas.
		Mesopotamian medicine has been generally overlooked in the greater discipline of the history of medicine.
		It is true that the perceived origin of most illnesses was supernatural, the result of an outside force intruding upon the body whether as the result of divine displeasure, a curse, a demon or witch.
	cdli.ucla.edu /wiki/index.php/Babylonian_medicine (3449 words)

	Mesopotamian Expresions
		Mesopotamian Cosmogony If we piece together from the sources for the primary myth of ancient Sumeria, we can outline the way these ancient people thought about the origin of their world.
		A central concern of Mesopotamian culture was the vigor and fertility of life, especially that of the fields and flocks.
		Goddesses were in charge of the three activities the Mesopotamians considered civilizing: the wearing of cloth, the eating of grain, and the drinking of beer.
	www.albany.edu /faculty/lr618/we3.html (9119 words)

	From wetlands to dry lands: the destruction of the Mesopotamian marshlands - Maps and Graphics at UNEP/GRID-Arendal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Mesopotamian marshlands in the Tigris and Euphrates river basins were devastated by damming and river channelisation during the late 1980s.
		From wetlands to dry lands: the destruction of the Mesopotamian marshlands.
		From wetlands to dry lands: the destruction of the Mesopotamian marshlands, http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/from_wetlands_to_dry_lands_the_destruction_of_the_mesopotamian_marshlands (Last visited April 30, 2007).
	maps.grida.no /go/graphic/from_wetlands_to_dry_lands_the_destruction_of_the_mesopotamian_marshlands (613 words)

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