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Topic: Messapian language

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Balkan languages

Arvanitic language

Origin of Albanians

Thracian language

Etruscan language

Venetian language

Albanian language

Origin of Romanians

Satem

Illyria

6th century BC

Ancient Illyria

Arvanites

Centum

Arvanitic alphabet

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	Indo-European_languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Italic languages, including Latin and its descendants (the Romance languages), attested from the 7th century BC.
		Tocharian languages, extinct tongues of the Tocharians, extant in two dialects, attested from roughly the 6th century.
		Membership of languages in the same Language Family is determined by the presence of shared retentions, i.e., features of the proto-language (or reflexes of such features) that cannot be explained better by chance or borrowing (convergence).
	en.filepoint.de /info/Indo-European_languages (3028 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Indo-European language family
		Germanic languages (including Old English and English), earliest testimonies in runic inscriptions from around the 2nd century, earliest coherent texts in Gothic, 4th century, see Proto-Germanic language.
		Phrygian language — language of ancient Phrygia, possibly close to Greek, Thracian, or Armenian.
		Satem languages lost the distinction between labiovelar and pure velar sounds, and at the same time assibilated the palatal velars.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Indo-European_language_family (3103 words)

	Indo-European languages Summary
		Genetically related languages are demonstrably derived from a common ancestor, a "Proto-Language," which, in the case of Indo-European, is thought to have flourished during the fourth–third millennia BCE, before it split up into the daughter languages from which scholars are able to infer its existence.
		Old Indian is represented by Vedic, the language of the sacred literature of Brahmanic religion, and Sanskrit, the highly normed and thus to a degree artificial language of classical Indian literature.
		Not unlike the Romance languages, which are derived from what is commonly called Vulgar Latin, New Indian languages can be seen as continuations of a protolanguage that was close to, without being identical with, an attested language, Sanskrit, which continues to be used as a language of religion and learning.
	www.bookrags.com /Indo-European_languages (3141 words)

	Extinct and Dead Languages of Italy
		a centum language (not to be confused with Venetian, the modern dialect, which is a romance language), once spoken in the Veneto region of Italy.
		The language is attested by over 300 short inscriptions dating between the 5th century and 1st century, which use a variety of the Northern Italic alphabet, similar to the Old Italic alphabet.
		Latin, for example, is a dead language as it has no native speakers, but it is the base of Italian and all other modern Romance languages.
	www.yourguidetoitaly.com /extinct-languages-italy.html (485 words)

	Language Summary
		A language is a system of arbitary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures or written symbols which communicate thoughts or feelings.
		2: (language) communication by word of mouth; "his speech was garbled"; "he uttered harsh language"; "he recorded the spoken language of the streets" [syn: speech, speech communication, spoken communication, spoken language, voice communication, oral communication]
		Language: A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia.
	www.bookrags.com /Language (405 words)

	Indo-European languages - FrathWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Albanian language — attested from the 15th century (1462); relations with Illyrian, Dacian, or Thracian proposed.
		Rhine to the Volga, corresponding to the latest phase of Indo-European unity, the vast "kurganized" area disintegrating into various independent languages and cultures, still in loose contact enabling the spread of technology and early loans between the groups, except for the Anatolian and Tocharian branches, which are already isolated from these processes.
		Redaction of the Rigveda and rise of the Vedic civilization in the Punjab.
	wiki.frath.net /Indo-European_languages (1446 words)

	Buck's Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: Introduction
		From these remains it appears that the two languages, though Indo-European, do not belong to the same group, and it is uncertain whether the Venetian, or the Messapian with the modern Albanian, should be classified as Illyrian.
		We must, rather, assume that the Oscans were simply a detached branch of the Samnites, speaking essentially the same language; and the principal reason why this language was called Oscan rather than Samnitic is that it was among the Oscans that the Greeks and Romans first came in contact with it.
		But the Samnites and their language occupy such a preëminent position that they are best grouped by themselves, and we may, for convenience, reserve the name Sabellian for the closely related minor tribes and dialects.
	www.forumromanum.org /latin/buck_1.html (5219 words)

	Indo-European languages
		The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred languages and dialects (443 according to the SIL estimate), including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many in Southwest Asia, Central Asia and Southern Asia.
		Indo-European has the largest numbers of speakers of recognised families of languages in the world today, with its languages spoken by approximately 3 billion native speakers (the Sino-Tibetan family of tongues has the second-largest number of speakers).
		The main strength of the farming hypothesis is that it connects the spread of Indo-European languages with an archeologically known event that likely involved major population shifts: the spread of farming; although the validity of basing a linguistics theory on archeological evidence is disputed.
	www.languageexchanges.com /indo_european_languages.html (2131 words)

	Kosovo, Origins: Serbs, Albanians and Vlachs - Noel Malcolm
		Most scholars believed that Illyrian was a satem language, until linguists analysed the surviving inscriptions in Venetic, a language of north-eastern Italy which was assumed (on the authority of ancient authors) to be related to Illyrian.
		Since the Bessi were the only Thracian tribe known to have kept their language as late as the sixth century (and Byzantine sources are naturally more detailed on the Thracian areas, which for them were closer to home, than on the Illyrian ones), it is impossible to find any other Thracian candidates.
		First, the 'substratum' of Romanian (that is, the language spoken by the proto-Romanians before they switched to Latin) must have been similar to Albanian; and secondly, there must have been close contact between Albanians and early Romanian-speakers over a long period, involving a shared pastoral life.
	vmro.150m.com /en/nm/kosovo.html (8090 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Misc IE
		You have reached the page for Miscellaneous Indo-Hittite languages which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		Along with Mycenaean Greek, the two languages were both called Cretan, and for many years were thought to comprise a separate language family.
		Sogdian was spoken in the area east of the Persian Empire from approximately 300 B.C. to 900 A.D. It is considered one of the Middle Iranian languages.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/miscieh.htm (980 words)

	Peucetia et Calabria
		The stem is likely the Messapian word for 'white, silver', derived from the IE root *ar(e)g- 'glittering, white', and the whole name meant 'by the glittering'.
		Etymology: Usually explained as a Messapian name from a word mando- 'horse', which is related to the Messapian* deity Menzana and the Latin (loanword from Messapian) mandus 'beef', all from the IE root *mend- 'to suck, breast'.
		From the Messapian name alixias, found in inscriptions, the original name can be reconstructed as Alentium, with the IE suffix -ent-io that became -es-io in the language of the Messapi, like in Balesium.
	digilander.libero.it /toponomastica/apulia.html (2808 words)

	Ligurian language resources
		In the independent state of Monaco the Monegasque language, a Ligurian dialect, is spoken despite strong ProvenÃ§al immigration.
		The Ligurian language was spoken in pre-Roman times and into the Roman era by an ancient people of north-western Italy and south-eastern France known as the Ligures.
		Many Indo-European languages use 'mouth' to mean the part of a river which meets the sea or a lake, but it is only in Goidelic that PIE *genu- means 'mouth'.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Ligurian.html (1212 words)

	Macedonian language resources
		MACEDONIAN Language Macedonian is a South Slavic language divided into two large groups, the western and the eastern Macedonian dialects.
		The Macedonian language (??????????, Makedonski) is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages and is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia.
		These five languages make up the Balkan sprachbund, even though the last three are from different language families (Romanian is a Romance language, while Greek and Albanian comprise their own branches in the Indo-European family).
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Macedonian.html (1176 words)

	Suchen im Web, Bilder, Videos, Blog, Lexikon und mehr.
		Phrygian language - language of ancient Phrygia, possibly close to Greek, Thracian, or Armenian.
		Dacian language - possibly close to Thracian or to Albanian - or both.
		Lusitanian language - possibly related to (or part of) Celtic, or Ligurian, or Italic.
	www.coder-world.de /cgi-bin/metaseek/lexikon.cgi?sprache=en&q=Indo-European_languages (3105 words)

	Albanian - A strange language? \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		And here is where the albanian language takes its most importance stance, it re-establishes itself as the most spoken language in the Balkans (it's not important how many people speak it, but in how may countries it's official), and that my friends is a fact.
		The Messapian language, a centum language, has been preserved in about 260 inscriptions dating from the 6th to the 1st century BC.
		Mycenaean is the most ancient attested form of the Greek language, spoken on the Greek mainland and on Crete in the 16th to 11th centuries BC, before the Dorian invasion.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t2429-105.htm (1525 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Indo-European languages
		Illyrian languages — possibly related to Messapian or Venetic; relation to Albanian also proposed.
		Dacian language — possibly close to Thracian or to Albanian – or both.
		Visit the US Bazaar.com Shop to find great items related to Indo-European languages.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Indo-European_languages (3101 words)

	Albanian - A strange language? \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Those languages are called "non-attested languages".One can find similarities in vocabulary between them and many modern ones.
		As a language, Etruscan is in fact isolated.
		For this reason, the most fruitful method has been the cultural-archaeological approach, in which an inscription is considered in its historical context and in close relation to the monument or object on which it appears.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t2429-195.htm (1834 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		* Iranian languages, attested from roughly 1000 BC in the form of Avestan, and from 520 BC in the form of Old Persian
		* Slavic languages, attested from the 9th century, earliest texts in Old Church Slavonic.
		* Baltic languages, attested from the 14th century, and, for languages attested that late, they retain unusually many archaic features attributed to Proto-Indo-European.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Indo-European_languages (2933 words)

	UnitedAlbanian.com - History
		The Albanian language has been variously attached to Illyrian and Messapian, which both were probably related languages.
		Only the latter, to a small extent, has left any evidence that may in any way liken it to Albanian.
		Indeed, Messapian has left several words in Italian or in neighboring Italo-Roman languages, including manzo "ox" (cf.
	unitedalbanian.com /content/view/282/173 (81 words)

	APPENDIX A:_LANGUAGE CODES
		An ancient or old language form that does not have a unique code will be assigned the code for the major language group to which it belongs instead of the code for the modern form.
		In the case of the modern and the older forms of some languages, the initial letters of each part of the language name were used to form the code.
		If, as a result of such additions, there are codes both for individual languages and for the language group, the agency should indicate the options chosen in its Documentation to Accompany Exchange Tapes.
	www.ifla.org /VI/3/p1996-1/appx_a.htm (3278 words)

	Messapic. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.
		An extinct Indo-European language preserved in inscriptions from southeast Italy that date from the sixth to the first century
		Of or relating to Messapic or its speakers.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/61/3/M0240350.html (103 words)

	Linguist List - Description of Messapic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An ancient language of Southeastern Italy, spoken along the Adriatic coast.
		It was the language of the Apuli, Daunii, Peucetti, Messapi, Calabri and Salentini tribes in the area.
		Once believed related to Illyrian, it is now recognized to be an independent Indo-European language, unrelated to Italic.
	linguistlist.org /forms/langs/LLDescription.cfm?code=cms (78 words)

	The Ultimate Category:Extinct languages - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The Ultimate Category:Extinct languages - American History Information Guide and Reference
		This category deals with human languages that are extinct.
		See also Extinct language, Endangered language, Linguicide, List of extinct languages.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Category:Extinct_languages (42 words)

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