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Topic: Messenger RNA

Related Topics

RNA

Transcription (genetics)

Translation (genetics)

Translation (biology)

Central dogma of molecular biology

Transfer RNA

RNA world hypothesis

Ribozyme

Gene

SECIS element

Telomerase

List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

Transcription factor

Ribosome

Protein

	RNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		RNA serves as the template for translation of genes into proteins, transferring amino acids to the ribosome to form proteins, and also translating the transcript into proteins.
		Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of the ribosomes, the protein synthetic factories in the cell.
		RNA genes (sometimes referred to as non-coding RNA or small RNA) are genes that encode RNA that is not translated into a protein.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/RNA (1263 words)

	Messenger RNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		RNA is transcribed in the nucleus; once completely processed, it is transported to the cytoplasm and translated by the ribosome.
		Messenger RNA (mRNA) is RNA that encodes and carries information from DNA during transcription to sites of protein synthesis to undergo translation in order to yield a gene product.
		Polyadenylation is the covalent linkage of a polyadenylyl moiety to a messenger RNA molecule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Messenger_RNA (1663 words)

	mRNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This cap serves to identify this RNA molecule as an mRNA to the translational machinery.
		Both the 5' cap and the 3' tail are added after the RNA is transcribed and contribute to the stability of the mRNA in the cell.
		It is transcribed as heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) in the nucleus.
	www.biochem.uwo.ca /meds/medna/mRNA.html (218 words)

	CSHL - Gene Regulation
		Once they are made, most messenger RNA molecules are exported from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm and are then used in the cytoplasm as templates for the production of protein.
		That allowed the researchers to identify not only the many different protein components of speckles, but also the messenger RNAs that are the basis of the new study, published in the October 21 issue of the journal Cell.
		Sure enough, they discovered that the atypical mCAT2 messenger RNA in the nucleus was rapidly cleaved in response to interferon treatment, and that the protein coding portion of the molecule was then quickly exported to the cytoplasm and translated into protein (see illustration).
	www.cshl.edu /public/releases/05_newregmech.html (657 words)

	Silent Sites Speak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Writing in the journal Science, they said the disease was the first for which there was indisputable evidence that it was triggered by defective RNA, a messenger molecule that normally serves merely to translate the DNA code into proteins.
		She said the new research suggested that RNA was responsible for both types of the disease.
		The messenger RNA is then transported out of the nucleus into the ribosomes where it used to construct proteins according to the information given in the genes.
	www.cs.unc.edu /~plaisted/ce/RNA.html (690 words)

	UNC Health Care - UNC study finds protein is required for human chromosome production
		RNA that is not cut by CPSF73 is destroyed in the nucleus and never becomes messenger RNA, said Dr. William Marzluff, senior author of the study and Kenan distinguished professor of biochemistry and biophysics in UNC's School of Medicine.
		When RNA is first made from DNA, it is premature and cannot direct the synthesis of its corresponding protein until it is processed into mature messenger RNA, which includes being cut at a specific site, Dominski said.
		However, the RNA cutting reaction was so quick that he was unable to determine which of the countless proteins inside the test tube was responsible.
	www.unchealthcare.org /site/newsroom/news/2005/Oct/histone (706 words)

	Messenger RNA localized in yellow crescent
		RNA from the yellow crescent that hybridized with this cDNA was kept for further analysis.
		Therefore, YC RNA is localized in the myoplasm in eggs, in the muscle lineage lines during cleavage and in differentiating primary and secondary muscle cells just as would be expected if YC RNA were associated with the myoplasm.
		If YC RNA were associated with the cytoskeleton, it would have shown up in the myoplasm of each stage of development (i.e., cytoplasmic ring in vitellogenic oocytes, cortex of post-vitellogenic oocytes, vegetal cap of eggs after fertilization etc.).
	www.ucalgary.ca /UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/yellow.html (1133 words)

	Science News: Backward genetics: knocking some 'antisense' into wayward genes - antisense oligonucleotides
		Both DNA and RNA carry some configuration of the four-character code, but while DNA is the actual material of genes, RNA plays an essential role in expressing the information coded in those genes.
		The messenger RNA detaches and carries the code from the DNA out of the nucleus to other parts of the cell, where the genetic information is used to assemble proteins.
		Messenger RNA works only as a single strand, but scientists can add a complementary sequence of DNA or RNA to serve as an antisense strand.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n23_v135/ai_7680047 (1525 words)

	An RNA Structure Primer
		RNA is ribonucleic acid, a close cousin of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.
		RNA molecules are built from three basic components: ribose, a five-carbon suger, phosphate, and a family of four heterocyclic bases.
		Although RNA molecules are linear polymers, they fold back on themselves to make intricate secondary and tertiary structures that are essential for them to perform their biological roles.
	www.rnabase.org /primer (962 words)

	Transcription
		In eukaryotes, this requires — at least for protein-encoding genes — that the nucleosomes in front of the advancing RNA polymerase (RNAP II) be removed.
		Messenger RNA comes in a wide range of sizes reflecting the size of the polypeptide it encodes.
		The upper image is an electron micrograph of a mRNA-DNA hybrid molecule formed by mixing the messenger RNA (mRNA) from a clone of antibody-secreting cells with single-stranded DNA from the same kind of cells.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/Transcription.html (2067 words)

	Pharmaceutical RNA glossary
		Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the intermediate between the genetic message (DNA) and protein.
		RNA- RNA interactions are at the very core of the complex process of RNA processing -- not only as substrate, but in structural and catalytic roles as well.
		Ribosomal RNA, RNA molecules which are essential structural and functional components of ribosomes, the subcellular units responsible for protein synthesis.
	www.genomicglossaries.com /content/RNA.asp (5065 words)

	Dr Chromo's school: RNA structure
		An RNA molecule is a linear polymer in which the monomers (nucleotides) are linked together by means of phosphodiester bridges, or bonds.
		Although each RNA molecule has only a single polynucleotide chain, it is not a smooth linear structure.
		In the base paired region, the RNA molecule adopts a helical structure as in DNA.
	www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk /notebook/courses/guide/rnast.htm (452 words)

	Transcription of DNA to Messenger RNA
		In chromosomes, DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of RNA in a process called transcription.
		Only one part of the DNA is transcribed to produce nuclear RNA, and only a minor portion of the nuclear RNA survives the RNA processing steps.
		In the cell nucleus, the DNA that includes all the exons and introns of the gene is first transcribed into a complementary RNA copy called "nuclear RNA," or nRNA.
	www.accessexcellence.org /RC/VL/GG/rna_synth.html (205 words)

	Messenger RNA 'cut and run' scheme provides rapid stress response (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered a new kind of messenger RNA molecule that is converted from non-protein coding status to protein coding status in response to cellular stress such as viral infection.
		"That told us that when cells are stressed, maybe the atypical messenger RNA is released from the nucleus, exported to the cytoplasm, and translated into protein, thus circumventing the time-consuming process of producing new messenger RNA and providing a rapid response to viral infection or other stresses," says Spector.
		Sure enough, they discovered that the atypical mCAT2 messenger RNA in the nucleus was rapidly cleaved in response to interferon treatment, and that the protein coding portion of the molecule was then quickly exported to the cytoplasm and translated into protein (ILLUSTRATION AVAILABLE ON REQUEST).
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=32479 (693 words)

	Science decoding DNA's poor cousin / RNA found to be more than just a messenger
		The technique, known as RNA interference, is being widely used to discover the functions of genes by turning them off and seeing what happens to the plant or animal.
		RNA and DNA are strings of chemical units called bases that embody the genetic code.
		Some scientists say it is not surprising that RNA has multiple roles, because it is generally believed that RNA had the role of both proteins and DNA in the early days of life on Earth.
	sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/01/27/MN117643.DTL (1621 words)

	RNA Editing
		Other possibilities: The untranslated regions at either end of many messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules — the 5'-UTRs and 3'-UTRs — often contain sequences of nucleotides that permit intramolecular base-pairing resulting in stretches of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
		There is also evidence that RNA editing (converting As to Is in the 3'-UTR) of precursor mRNAs is a signal to retain them within the nucleus ready to be quickly exported if needed by the cell.
		In fact, defects in RNA editing are associated with some human cancers as well as with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS — "Lou Gehrig's disease").
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/R/RNA_Editing.html (1111 words)

	Intracerebral cytokine messenger RNA expression in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia.
		Intracerebral cytokine messenger RNA expression in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia.
		To determine which cytokines are produced in the nervous system and to identify any correlations with dementia, cytokine and HIV messenger RNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the brains from 24 HIV-infected patients with and without dementia and 9 HIV-uninfected control subjects.
		Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA were significantly higher and levels of interleukin (IL)-4 messenger RNA were significantly lower in demented compared to nondemented HIV-infected patients.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1993/aug/M9380205.html (532 words)

	Protein synthesis:transcription (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Once the messenger RNA is made it then is transported to the cytoplasm where the information contained in the mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide.
		The big differences are that RNA is not double sided, RNAs have the nitrogen base uracil in place of thymine and the five carbon sugar in the nucleotides is ribose, not deoxyribose.
		Once the RNA transcript that will become the messenger RNA is made, it is carried to the cytoplasm of the cell where it translated into, if you will, the language of proteins, namely a sequence of amino acids.
	staff.jccc.net /pdecell/proteinsynthesis/transcript.html (413 words)

	Nerve-cell dendrites have the capacity to splice messenger RNA (pre-mRNA)
		Nerve-cell dendrites have the capacity to splice messenger RNA (pre-mRNA)
		Should the RNA have different exons spliced in and out of it, then different proteins can be made from this RNA.
		The Eberwine lab was successful in showing that splicing can occur in dendrites because they have employed very sensitive technologies developed in their lab, which permits the detection and quantification of RNA splicing as well as the translated protein in single isolated dendrites.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=33324 (875 words)

	RNA Types
		Messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from a gene segment of DNA which ultimately contains the information on the primary sequence of amino acids in a protein to be synthesized.
		The messenger RNA carries the code into the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs.
		Several ribosomes may be attached to a single RNA at any time.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/583rnatypes.html (911 words)

	Messenger rna - Transcription of DNA to Messenger RNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Messenger rna - Transcription of DNA to Messenger RNA
		Reduction of zif268 messenger RNA expression during prolonged withdrawal The level of zif268 messenger RNA was lower upon termination of cocaine
		Targeted transport of messenger RNA and local protein synthesis near the synapse are important for synaptic plasticity.
	rna.surferfind.com /?q=rna-messenger-rna (199 words)

	Transcription
		Messenger RNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus by transcription of DNA, a process similar to DNA replication.
		RNA nucleotides (ribonucleotides) line up in the proper order by hydrogen-bonding to their complementary bases on DNA, the nucleotides are joined together by a DNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme, and mRNA results.
		Once the RNA polymerase has been directed to the start point of the gene by sigma, the sigma factor is released and the RNA polymerase carries out the process of transcription.
	www.ncc.gmu.edu /dna/transcri.htm (616 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Hannon, Gregory
		In these extracts, the spliced leader sequence is donated to a synthetic pre-mRNA acceptor from either endogenous SL RNA or from synthetic SL RNA.
		However, much of the primary sequence of the SL RNA is dispensable for its function.
		Remarkably, the sequences which signal termination of SL RNA transcription reside within the SL RNA coding sequence, and internal elements, particularly the SL sequence, are also essential for transcription initiation
	rave.ohiolink.edu /etdc/view?acc_num=case1059657008 (356 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The RNA strand is then modified so that it can leave the nucleus and be translated into a protein within the cell's cytoplasm.
		The team had noticed some unmodified messenger RNAs lingering in the nucleus of mouse cells, inside tiny protein structures called paraspeckles.
		The team suspected that this extra RNA could be called into action in stressful times, and to test the theory, they exposed mouse cells to an enzyme that inhibits the synthesis of fresh messenger RNA.
	www.nature.com /news/2005/051017/pf/051017-14_pf.html (403 words)

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