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	Messier Object 108
		According to Charles Messier's hand-written preliminary and unpublished version of his catalog, M108, similar to M109, was discovered by Pierre Méchain shortly after M97 (which he had found February 16, 1781): Méchain discovered M108 3 days after M97 on February 19, 1781, and M109 on March 12, 1781.
		Both objects were apparently also observed by Charles Messier when he measured the position of M97 (March 24, 1781), but apparently he didn't find occasion to obtain positions for these objects at that time.
		Messier listed this object, M108, under number "98" in his preliminary manuscript version of his catalog, without giving a position.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m108.html (465 words)

	The Messier Catalog : Starshine.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Messier was interested in finding comets, and this list catalogs objects that proved not to be comets.
		Due to Messier recording it at a location 4 degrees away, it was considered "missing" for long time until his descriptions were paired up with the object NGC2548.
		Messier discovered M88 in 1781, and described it merely as a "nebula without a star".
	www.starshine.com /frankn/astronomy/messier.asp (4931 words)

	KR Astronomy: The Messier Catalogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Messier Catalogue was compiled by Charles Messier in the 1700's as he searched for comets, but in order to understand the catalogue it is important to understand the man behind it.
		Charles Messier was born on June 26,1730 in Lorraine, France the tenth of twelve children.
		Messier's wife died in 1798 and he was left alone.
	www.kopernekus.com /astronomy/messier.asp (513 words)

	Messier 101, M 101
		Messier 101 is the largest member of a small galaxy cluster located 23 million light years distant.
		Messier 101 shines with the luminosity of 33 billion suns.
		Messier 101's size is estimated to be 190,000 light years across.
	www.astrophoto.net /m101.html (89 words)

	Messier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Messier list is a collection of 110 Deepsky objects and is ideal for people new to astronomy to start with.
		Most of the messier objects are visible with the naked eye and all with a set of binoculars, subject to seeing conditions.
		Messier objects are at that brightness or brighter).
	www.users.bigpond.com /hapchap/lists/Messier.html (515 words)

	Messier Object 108 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		M108, together with M109 was probably discovered by Pierre Mechain in the same night when he found M97 (February 16, 1781), and observed by Charles Messier when he measured the position of M97 (March 24, 1781).
		Messier measured an acurate position at a later time which he added by hand in his personal copy of the catalog.
		Color photos show an even more conspicuous appearance of this should-be showpiece, which often appears in wide field and "deep spatial depth" photos together with the Owl nebula M97, which is only about 48' to the SE.
	digilander.libero.it /COA/m108.htm (334 words)

	M 102 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		M102 may be a duplication of the Spiral Galaxy M101 (NGC 5457) in Ursa Major, due to an error of either the catalog author Messier, or its `discoverer' Mechain.
		M102 may be the Lenticular Galaxy NGC 5866 in Draco, also sometimes called the Spindle Galaxy, as Messier's catalog description indicates, together with the position he added later by hand.
		The authors of S.E.D.'s think that there is enough evidence that both Mechain and Messier have probably observed NGC 5866 in context of this catalog entry.
	www.messiermarathon.com /new_page_108.htm (122 words)

	Observational homepage of Magnus Gålfalk
		Messier 78 is a very diffuse nebula in Orion, this 8 by 6 arc-minute patch is part of the great Orion complex of nebulosity, however, unlike the Orion nebula (which is glowing gas) this nebula shines by reflecting light from the 10th magnitude star 'HD 38563'.
		Messier 82 is an irregular galaxy about 9 by 4 arc-minutes in size and has a visual magnitude of about 8.8.
		Messier 108 is seen nearly edge-on, it is of 10th magnitude and has the very elongated size 8 by 1 arc-minutes.
	www.astro.su.se /~magnusg/CCD3.html (1273 words)

	Star Cruiser Observatory
		If the night sky were to be thought of in terms of a world map, the 110 Messier objects would be the major metropolitian areas and tourist attractions.
		Most astronomy clubs hold special "Messier Marathon" star parties where observers attempt to find all 110 objects (well actually all 108-109 objects since one or two are non-existant*).
		In 1995 I successfully viewed 105 of the 108 objects by star-hopping methods at the Orange County Astronomers marathon.
	www.sipe.com /starcruiser/observatory/gallery/gallery_messier.html (248 words)

	Review: The Year-Round Messier Marathon Field Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The independent discovery by a number of people that during a certain period in late March/early April, all 110 Messier objects could be seen during one night when viewed from mid-northern latitudes, gave rise to popular club observing sessions.
		The heart of the book is a collection of finder charts of all the Messier objects in roughly the order in which one would try and observe them during a Marathon.
		It should be noted that from UK latitudes the full Messier Marathon is not possible, but many observers might like to see how many they can find in a single night.
	www.britastro.org /jbaa/archive/owenb.htm (487 words)

	The Messier Marathon
		Messier Marathon is a term describing the attempt to find as many Messier objects as possible in one night.
		Note: Most Messier Marathoners accept NGC 5866 as M102, either in account of historical evidence, or at least as substitute accepted for the Messier Marathon, and thus arrive at actually 110 different objects.
		Messier Marathon was invented independently by several North American (including Tom Hoffelder, Tom Reiland and Don Machholz) and perhaps one Spanish amateur astronomers and groups, in the 1970s.
	www.seds.org /messier/xtra/marathon/marathon.html (1433 words)

	Jonathan
		Some of the objects are bright like the Pleiades, while others like M98, M 108, M 109 were dim enough (tenth magnitude) to test the light-gathering capabilities of my 80 mm refractor and observing skills like averted vision.
		The Messier list can be completed with modest equipment from suburban sites, and don't forget that the S.A.S. has a wide variety of club scopes available to members that can show you most if not all the Messier objects from your backyard.
		The Messier marathon is usually held near the end of March so check the March issue of the Asterisk for the exact date.
	www.spokaneastronomical.org /jonathan.htm (755 words)

	BCAS Messier
		Messier viewed the sky with a 3 1/2-inch refractor telescope (equivalent of a modern 80 - 100 mm reflector) and catalogued his deep sky observations over a period of 24 years.
		Messier would have been in awe if he could see our larger telescopes and modern equipment of today.
		In the Messier Object List there are 110 objects: 7 diffuse nebulae, 29 globular clusters, 30 open clusters, 4 planetary nebulae, 9 elliptical galaxies, 1 irregular galaxy and 29 spiral galaxies.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Hall/6380/Messier.html (947 words)

	It's Messier Marathon Time Again (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The French comet hunter Charles Messier created the catalog to identify objects that could be mistaken for comets.
		Don Machholz brought the Messier Marathon to the SJAA with an article titled "Messier Marathon" in the September 1978 SJAA newsletter.
		The first San Jose Astronomical Association Messier Marathons were held on the nights of March 23/24, 24/25, 30/31 and March 31/April 1, 1979.
	ephemeris.sjaa.net /0402/k.html (579 words)

	2005 All Arizona Messier Marathon
		The "2005 All Arizona Messier Marathon" was one of the more successful ones where we could only get 109 objects.
		This was due, probably in part, to the long spat of unusually cloudy and rainy weather we have had since the beginning of the year.
		My plans were to complete a task started a few years ago and that was to complete drawing the rest of the Messier galaxies in the Coma-Virgo cluster of galaxies.
	www.saguaroastro.org /content/2005messierresults.htm (362 words)

	Messier Marathon Observer's Results
		He hunted down 109 Messier objects with his 13.1-inch reflector (all but M30 which was impossible at his latitude at this time), and verified 101 of them with an 11x80 binoculars before the objective lenses fogged/frosted over.
		Messier Marathon inventor Tom Hoffelder finally managed to hold a 20th anniversary marathon in the night of April 6-7, 1997, from a place near Tulsa, Oklahoma, and logged 101 Messier objects, by chance the same number as in his first marathon 20 years ago.
		This Messier Marathon was conducted the weekend of 3/31 and 4/1 2000.
	www.obspm.fr /messier/xtra/marathon/results.html (11123 words)

	untitled
		The four most viewed objects are Messier 81 (NGC 3031) an Sb type edge on spiral which in recent times boasted the supernova named 1993J of which many amateur astronomers had occasion to observe and photograph.
		Close to Messier 97 lies the illusive nearly edge on magnitude 10.8 galaxy Messier 108 (NGC3556) which can be seen well in an 8.5 inch reflector.
		Open star cluster NGC 581 known as Messier 103 is a fan shaped cluster whereby open star clusters NGC 7654 known as Messier 52 is somewhat triangular in shape.
	www.jfmto.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /N-Polar.htm (1748 words)

	Stanley Cup playoffs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		New York tied it at 6:20 of the second period when Mark Messier carried into Flyers' zone and feathered a pass to Brian Leetch, who slapped the puck from the edge of the left faceoff circle for his sixth goal.
		Messier's goal less than three minutes into the third period snapped a tie and powered the Rangers to a 4-2 victory over Philadelphia.
		Messier lifted a shot over Hextall for his 28th goal of the season and the game-winner.
	www.usatoday.com /sports/hockey/shn/shne977s.htm (3142 words)

	Utah Skies -- Deep Sky Observer's Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The plan is to make this the first place you think of when you need information on a particular deep sky object.
		This section provides charts to help you find all the objects as well as images and descriptions of the objects.
		The reason is that for the most part, these were objects which Messier himself missed.
	www.utahskies.org /deepsky/messier/charts/messierTelradFrameSet.html (357 words)

	Messier Object Discovery Statistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Note we take NGC 5866 as M102 (discovered by Méchain and co- or rediscovered by Messier as well as (later) by William Herschel).
		Messier (44), Méchain (25), Hodierna (8), De Chéseaux (6), Bode (4), Koehler (3), Kirch, Lacaille, Le Gentil and Maraldi (2 each), and Al Sufi, Aratus, Bevis, Darquier, De Mairan, Halley, Homer, Ihle, Oriani, Peiresc, Edward Pigott and Ptolemy (1 each).
		Messier (65), Méchain (29), Bode (18), William Herschel and Hodierna (9), De Chéseaux (7), Koehler (6), Lacaille (5), Le Gentil (4), Bevis, Caroline Herschel, Kirch, Maraldi and Oriani (2 each), and Al Sufi, Cysatus, Darquier, De Mairan, Flamsteed, Halley, Hesiod, Hipparchus, Homer, Huygens, Ihle, Marius, Peiresc, Edward Pigott, Ptolemy and Winnecke (1 each).
	www.la.yurisnight.net /messier/xtra/history/dis-stat.html (215 words)

	SiOwl - The Messier Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		If looking for a challenge it is possible (just barely) to find all 110 objects in a single night on new moon late in the month of March when the sun moves into an area of the sky where no objects on the list are found.
		Most interesting to note is Messier's comment "It doesn't contain any star", while in modern amateur instruments the object is a swarm of stars "well resolved".
		A testimony of the poor quality of Messier's instruments by modern standards even though they were good by the standards of the day.
	www.siowl.com /Messier/messier.html (571 words)

	2MASS Atlas Image Gallery
		(For the 2MASS view of other Messier objects, please visit the 2MASSier Gallery.) Two additional galaxies, the much smaller spheroidal objects, are also seen in the 2MASS image mosaic: Messier 32, to the south, and NGC 205, to the northwest, which are satellites of the giant spiral M31.
		Atlas Image mosaic of NGC 205 (Messier 110), a dwarf elliptical companion of the giant spiral Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31; M31), in the Local Group of galaxies.
		It is thought that the designation is either a 'bookkeeping' error made by Charles Messier, being a duplicate referral to the giant spiral M101, or it refers to this early-type lenticular galaxy, NGC 5866, aka the Spindle Galaxy.
	www.ipac.caltech.edu /2mass/gallery/images_galaxies.html (5729 words)

	The Messier Marathon Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For astronomers in New England and other cold climates, the Messier Marathon is also "Opening Day", a rite of spring that marks the beginning of better weather and less perilous observing conditions.
		At Arunah Hill, the Messier Marathon is the impetus for clearing the road to the summit and returning to "normal" observing and regular star parties.
		This is one of the dimmest objects in the Messier catalog to begin with, and your dealing with late twilight, the poor visibility of the low altitude and the glow of zodiacal light!
	www.reflector.org /MESSIER.HTM (569 words)

	Open Cluster Celebration
		All four of these objects were first cataloged by Charles Messier, an unsucessful comet hunter whose catalog of mistakes became one of the most widely used astronomical catalogs of all time.
		Anytime an object is listed with a name having an M beginning, such as M31, the object was recorded in Messier's catalog.
		Originally containing 110 objects, two of the objects were later trimmed from the list, bringing the number of Messier objects down to 108.
	www.tmclark.com /Starwatch/3_15.html (640 words)

	Moondark 6.09 - March '03 by Doug Miller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Each March, star gazers emerge from winter hibernation for the Messier marathon, a one-night, all-you-can-see tour of the catalog first compiled over 200 years ago as a list of objects to avoid while comet hunting.
		For example, over 100 are visible from mid-northern latitudes in mid-October, when the sky clarity and nighttime low temperatures are often more favorable.
		The distribution of Messier objects across the sky is certainly not random.
	home.comcast.net /~dmiller5879/moondark/march03.html (632 words)

	Binocular Messier Club - Appendix B
		Appendix B: If you are uncertain as to which Messier objects to observe, or who need a formal program to follow, we have included Appendix A and Appendix B for your use.
		Each appendix lists the appropriate Messier objects that can be observed with that size instrument, and is divided into three categories: Easy, Tough, and Challenge objects.
		20, 58, 59, 69, 70, 72, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 95, 96, 99, 100, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110.
	www.astroleague.org /al/obsclubs/binomess/binomesb.html (277 words)

	Zoom Astronomy Glossary: M
		During the late 18th century (1759-1781), the French astronomer Charles Messier made a list of 103 fuzzy objects in space in order not to mistake star clusters, galaxies, and nebulae for comets (for which he was searching).
		Charles Messier (1730-1817), was a French astronomer who searched the skies for comets.
		The Messier list has been added to and now consisted of 35 galaxies, 30 open clusters, 29 globular clusters, 4 planetary nebulae, 7 diffuse nebulae, and two unconfirmed objects (which were mistaken for nebulae by Messier).
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/astronomy/glossary/indexm.shtml (4055 words)

	Weasner's Meade ETX Site
		Messier 81 is a bright, compact spiral galaxy; its two outer, very delicate, arms may be glimpsed in fleeting moments with the 8" scope under extremely dark skies; the ETX 125 fails to show these.
		This galaxy in the LX 90 under very, very dark skies can be clearly made out to be pencil-shaped, and edge-on galaxy with a clearly-defined character in medium-high power; the ETX 125 shows it well, but lacks the aperture to clearly show the 7' arc length of this curious object.
		Concluding our GO TO TOUR or Ursa Major is the famous planetary nebula (gas cloud shell remnant from a supernova explosion) Messier 97, also known as the "Owl Nebula." It's name comes from two dark ovals equally spaced off-center that resemble the two "fl eyes" of an old hoot owl.
	www.weasner.com /etx/ref_guides/ursa_major.html (2706 words)

	Messier Objects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The initial color images of the Messier Objects were obtained with the 24-inch f/5 reflector at the Grasslands Observatory from 1998 to early 2000.
		These images are gradually replacing the older AP7 images, because they have a larger field of view, and upgrades to the observatory have permitted longer exposures and better images.
		Because the images have the same relative exposures for each object type and the same camera orientation and image size, they can be used to compare one Messier object with another.
	www.3towers.com /messier.htm (665 words)

	Messier Telrad Finder Charts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Messier List is a list of 110 objects observed and catalogued by the French comet-hunter, Charles Messier.
		The Telrad® is a zero magnification finder that projects a set of three concentric red illuminated circles onto a sloping glass plate through which the observer sights on the sky.
		These charts can be printed out and used with the aid of a Telrad® finder to locate the objects in the Messier List.
	www.utahskies.org /deepsky/messier/charts/messierTelrad.htm (100 words)

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