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Topic: Messier Object 102

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Galaxy M102

NGC 5866

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	Charles Messier Summary
		Messier was born in Badonviller (in the Lorraine région of France), the 10th of 12 children of catchpole Nicolas Messier and Francoise b.
		Because these objects were accessible to the relatively small aperture telescope (approximately 102 mm, or 4 inches) used by Messier to study the sky, they are among the most spectacular deep sky objects available to modern amateur astronomers using much better equipment.
		Furthermore almost all of the Messier objects are among the closest to our planet in their respective classes, which makes them heavily studied with professional class instruments that today can resolve very small and visually spectacular details in the them.
	www.bookrags.com /Charles_Messier (754 words)

	Robert Bruce Thompson's Winter Messier Objects Presentation - Introduction
		The only way Messier could tell for sure if an object was a comet was to observe it over a period of time to see if it moved against the background stars.
		Messier wasted a lot of time looking at objects he thought might be comets, only to find out later they were star clusters, nebulae, or other objects—stuff that didn’t move.
		Messier continued observing for many years after adding his last object, but the short answer is that he could no longer compete so he stopped trying.
	www.ttgnet.com /astronomy/winter-messier-program/introduction.html (2435 words)

	Sea and Sky: Messier Objects M101 - M110
		M101 is a bright object with a magnitude of 7.9.
		It is the first object in the catalog that was not included in the original publication.
		The last object in the Messier catalog is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Andromeda.
	www.seasky.org /astronomy/astronomy_messier_101to110.html (896 words)

	Minnesota Astronomical Society
		The purpose of the Messier SIG is to bring members together to share thoughts and ideas and to encourage one another in observing and logging all 110 Messier Objects for the end goal of obtaining their Astronomical League's Messier Club Certificate.
		Objects that are visually "jaw droppers" on nights of good seeing can turn into "ho-hum" diffuse blurs on nights of poor seeing (or be missed altogether).
		A star chart is then used to unambiguously identify the surrounding star field and thus the object of interest (brighter stars tend to form discernable patterns relative to the object of interest).
	www.mnastro.org /sigs/messiertips.htm (1529 words)

	Stargazer Online \|\| Charles Messier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Messier's descriptions of his telescopes are rather unsatisfying; he usually says something like "easily visible in a telescope of two feet" (focal length).
		M102 is another 'mystery' object, although it turns out that Mechain sent a letter to Bernoulli stating that it was actually a mistake, being identical to M101.
		As the political situation stabilized, Messier was elected to the new Academy of Sciences, and received the Legion of Honor from Napoleon.
	my.voyager.net /~stargazer/cmessier.html (1278 words)

	* M102 - (Astronomy): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Note: Messier's final catalog no object is found at his location and most believe that it is a relisting of M101...
		M102 is the last of the "missing" Messier objects.
		Others believe that this object is actually the lenticular galaxy NGC5866 in the constellation Draco...
	www.mimihu.com /astronomy/m102.html (451 words)

	Stargazer Online \|\| Charles Messier
		Messier's descriptions of his telescopes are rather unsatisfying; he usually says something like "easily visible in a telescope of two feet" (focal length).
		M102 is another 'mystery' object, although it turns out that Mechain sent a letter to Bernoulli stating that it was actually a mistake, being identical to M101.
		As the political situation stabilized, Messier was elected to the new Academy of Sciences, and received the Legion of Honor from Napoleon.
	www.richardbell.net /cmessier.html (1278 words)

	MESSIER - Messier Nebulae
		The Messier Catalog of bright, extended objects was compiled by the comet-hunter Charles Messier in the 18th century.
		The objects in the Messier Catalog are predominantly star clusters in our Milky Way galaxy, with 29 of them being globular clusters, 27 open clusters; the rest are spiral galaxies (27), elliptical galaxies (11), diffuse and planetary nebulae (10), and miscellaneous objects (5).
		All of the objects in the Messier Catalog are north of -35 degrees declination.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /W3Browse/general-catalog/messier.html (374 words)

	Spindle Galaxy in Draco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Spindle Galaxy in Draco (also known as the Spindle Galaxy, Lenticular Galaxy NGC 5866 or NGC 5866) is a lenticular galaxy, type S0_3, in the Draco constellation.
		Astronomers believe that the Spindle Galaxy may be the same as Messier Object 102.
		NGC 5866 was probably discovered by Pierre Méchain or Charles Messier in 1781, and independently found by William Herschel in 1788.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/NGC_5866 (107 words)

	Messier Object 102 Definition / Messier Object 102 Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		NGC 5928, a 14th apparent magnitudeThe apparent magnitude (m) of a star, planet or other heavenly body is a measure of its apparent brightness; that is, the amount of light received from the object.
		the same object ten times as far) corresponds to an apparent magnitude that is five more; 2.512 times less bright (e.g.
		the same object 1.585 times as far) corresponds to an apparent magnitude that is one more, 2.512 being the fifth root of 100 (100^0.2)....
	www.elresearch.com /Messier_Object_102 (265 words)

	Articles - 102 (number) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		102 (one hundred two) is the natural number following 101 and preceding 103.
		102 is an abundant number, a sphenic number and a Harshad number.
		Messier object M102, possibly the Spindle Galaxy, a magnitude 10.5 spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco
	www.epsona.com /articles/102_(number) (239 words)

	Steve's Messier Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Almost every amateur astronomer begins to be aware of the Messier Catalog as soon as he or she opens their first book.
		Many of the objects can be seen with binoculars and some with the naked eye.
		Thus, the Messier Catalog is a happy hunting ground for any amateurs with a taste for deep sky objects.
	members.cox.net /astrobtr1/Messier.html (277 words)

	NGC 5866 / Messier 102 ?
		It is prominent for being a good candidate for Messier Object 102.
		NGC 5866 was probably first seen by Pierre Méchain in March 1781, or by Charles Messier shortly after that time.
		There is evidence that Charles Messier has probably observed NGC 5866 when measuring this position, as this is almost exactly 5 degrees preceding (west) of the actual position of the object: Very probably a data reduction error of some kind.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/ngc5866.html (1000 words)

	Draco (constellation) article - Draco (constellation) requested expanded stub constellation Ptolemy Thuban deep-sky - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The star Thuban (α Draconis, though not the brightest) was once the northern pole star.
		One of the deep-sky objects in Draco is the Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC 6543).
		Another one is the Lenticular Galaxy NGC 5866, sometimes considered as Messier Object 102.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Draco_(constellation) (173 words)

	The Messier Catalog : Starshine.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Messier was interested in finding comets, and this list catalogs objects that proved not to be comets.
		M24 is different from all of the other M objects in that it is no single entity as are nebula or galaxies.
		Due to Messier recording it at a location 4 degrees away, it was considered "missing" for long time until his descriptions were paired up with the object NGC2548.
	www.starshine.com /frankn/astronomy/messier.asp (4931 words)

	Messier Object 102 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Evidently, M102 is the last possibly "missing", or doubty, Messier object.
		This means that, based on the observation record of his friend, Pierre Méchain, Charles Messier included this object in his catalog without verifying before publication, and it happens that Méchain's published position is erroneous.
		M102 might be a duplication of the Spiral Galaxy M101 (NGC 5457) in Ursa Major, due to a possible error of either the catalog author Messier, or its `discoverer' Méchain, a view brought up by Méchain in a letter of May 1783.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m102.html (190 words)

	NGC 5866 / Messier 102 ?
		There is evidence that Charles Messier has probably observed NGC 5866 when measuring this position, as it is almost exactly 5 degrees preceding (west) of the actual position of the object, very probably a data reduction error of some kind.
		If, despite this evidence, it should be true that neither Méchain nor Messier have observed NGC 5866, it was probably first seen by William Herschel (or perhaps by Caroline Herschel) when independently discovering it in 1788; William Herschel determined its position on May 5, 1788.
		As the possible earlier sightings by Méchain and Messier did not result in a published position for this object, this galaxy bears Herschel's number H I.215.
	www.obspm.fr /messier/m/ngc5866.html (833 words)

	Messier Object 1
		It was the discovery of this object which caused Charles Messier to begin with the compilation of his catalog.
		It was also the discovery of this object, which closely resembled a comet (1758 De la Nux, C/1758 K1) in his small refracting telescope, which brought him to the idea to search for comets with telescopes (see his note).
		Although Messier's catalog was primarily compiled for preventing confusion of these objects with comets, M1 was again confused with comet Halley on the occasion of that comet's second predicted return in 1835.
	www.maa.agleia.de /Messier/E/m001.html (2040 words)

	The Messier Marathon Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		To see all 110 objects in the Messier Catalog takes nearly perfect conditions: clear skies, great horizons, and a new moon within a few days of the equinox.
		At Arunah Hill, the Messier Marathon is the impetus for clearing the road to the summit and returning to "normal" observing and regular star parties.
		This is one of the dimmest objects in the Messier catalog to begin with, and your dealing with late twilight, the poor visibility of the low altitude and the glow of zodiacal light!
	www.reflector.org /MESSIER.HTM (569 words)

	The Astronomy Connection - May Messier Tour
		When you are done with these objects and give yourself a treat, skip ahead to the summer globular clusters of M3 or M13.
		Besides these bright and spectacular objects are a treat to tired eyes after a night of galaxy hunting.
		M102 - Not an official Messier object in most references, we will look for the galaxy NGC 5866 which is a somewhat standard insertion.
	observers.org /observing/m-may.html (649 words)

	Messier Object 102 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This means that two opinions on the identity of this object are common:
		M102 may be a duplication of the Spiral Galaxy M101 (NGC 5457) in Ursa Major, due to an error of either the catalog author Messier, or its `discoverer' Mechain.
		M102 may be the Lenticular Galaxy NGC 5866 in Draco, also sometimes called the Spindle Galaxy, as Messier's catalog description indicates.
	astroa.physics.metu.edu.tr /messier/m/m102.html (82 words)

	Bad Astronomy Bulletin Board :: View topic - Messier object questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This is possible because there is a band of sky where there is no Messier objects, so when the sun is in that band, all the objects will be in the night sky at some time during the night.
		The Caldwell catalog is a relatively new list of objects that Messier might have added to his list had he known about them.
		Messier listed it w/o giving a position; he added the position to his personal copy after the list had been published, but that position was slightly off.
	www.badastronomy.com /phpBB/viewtopic.php?t=3331&highlight=&sid=a4318794d81446e600ae279bc4c0f721 (914 words)

	Messier 102
		French astronomer Charles Messier compiled his famous "Catalog of Nebulae and Star Clusters" during the years 1758 to 1781 (Messier 1781) - or 1782 if counting the last additions discovered by his colleague Pierre Méchain, which are contained in most modern versions of the catalog.
		Moreover, Messier had added by hand a position for M102 to his personal copy of the catalog, which both Owen Gingerich and Kenneth Glyn Jones have claimed to be erroneous "because there is no obvious object".
		The object that really deserves the designation "Messier 102" should be identical to one of the two observed by Méchain and Messier, may they be identical or not.
	messier.obspm.fr /m/m102d4.html (2455 words)

	BCAS Messier
		Messier viewed the sky with a 3 1/2-inch refractor telescope (equivalent of a modern 80 - 100 mm reflector) and catalogued his deep sky observations over a period of 24 years.
		During viewing one trick is to not view the list in numberical order but to view those objects that will disappear behing the horizon early on in the evening during the first hour you are out at dusk.
		In the Messier Object List there are 110 objects: 7 diffuse nebulae, 29 globular clusters, 30 open clusters, 4 planetary nebulae, 9 elliptical galaxies, 1 irregular galaxy and 29 spiral galaxies.
	www.geocities.com /bcastronomy/Messier.html (947 words)

	Messier Object Discovery Statistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is certainly known that the discoveries of some objects may be disputed and thus the list modified.
		Messier (40), Méchain (28), Hodierna (8), De Chéseaux (6), Bode (4), Koehler and Lacaille (3 each), Kirch, Le Gentil and Maraldi (2 each), and Al Sufi, Aratus, Bevis, Darquier, De Mairan, Halley, Hesiod, Ihle, Oriani, Peiresc, Pigott, Ptolemy and Winnecke (1 each).
		Messier (60), Méchain (32), Bode (18), William Herschel and Hodierna (9), De Chéseaux (7), Koehler and Lacaille (6 each), Le Gentil (4), Bevis, Caroline Herschel, Kirch, Maraldi and Oriani (2 each), and Al Sufi, Cysatus, Darquier, De Mairan, Flamsteed, Halley, Hesiod, Hipparchus, Huygens, Ihle, Marius, Peiresc, Edward Pigott and Ptolemy (1 each).
	www.obspm.fr /messier/xtra/history/dis-stat.html (251 words)

	Messier Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		His aim was to catalogue these objects so they would not be confused for comets in the future.
		This was M1, the Crab Nebula, a supernova remnant seen 6000 years earlier by Chinese astronomers as the brightest star in the sky.
		Charles Messier presumed that all objects that looked like nebula, were nebula perhaps Hundreds or even Thousands of light years away, little did he know that 40 of these objects were other galaxies, islands in space, tens of millions of light years away.
	www.astronomyinfo.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /messier_catalog.htm (242 words)

	Charles Messier's Original Catalog
		Messier provided an introduction to his catalog, and following the catalog, a list was printed of objects reported by previous observers but not verified by Messier when he had looked for them, and Lacaille's Catalog of Nebulae of the Southern Sky.
		Messier mistook this nebula for the Comet of 1779, on the 5th, 6th and 11th of May; on the 11th he recognized that this was not the Comet, but a nebula which was located on its path and in the same point [place] of the sky.'
		Messier looked for it on the following October 5, and on October 18, compared it [i.e., its position] with the star 4 Capricorni, of sixth magnitude, according to Flamsteed: it seemed to M. Messier to be composed of nothing but very small [faint] stars, containing nebulosity: M. Méchain reported it as a nebula without stars.
	www.maa.agleia.de /Messier/E/Xtra/History/m-cat.html (8357 words)

	Binocular Messier Club - Appendix C
		Appendix C: Appendix C is for reference purposes, listing all 110 of the Messier objects at the times when they are best observed, and in constellation sequence.
		So, if you are wondering what is the best time of the year to observe a Messier object, refer to Appendix C. Appendix C tells you which season to observe each object, each object's coordinates, their NGC numbers, the constellation they are located in, and their sizes and magnitudes.
		Also, Appendix C lists all of the Messier objects in the exact same order as the Astronomical League's Observe manual "Observe: A Guide to the Messier Objects", in case you are using that as an observing aide.
	www.astroleague.org /al/obsclubs/binomess/binomesc.html (130 words)

	Hawaiian Astronomical Society Printable Object Descriptions - Sagittarius
		This is a harder Messier object to resolve than most.
		This is a good object for 6" to 8" telescopes, just don't expect to see more than an oval.
		NGC6528 (Bennett 102) is described as fairly faint, quite small, round, with a gradually brighter middle.
	www.hawastsoc.org /deepsky/sgr/print.html (1519 words)

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