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	Sea and Sky's Astronomy Resources: Messier Catalog
		He began keeping a journal of these nebulous (cloudy) objects so that they would not be confused with comets.
		Over the next few years, Messier and his colleagues would catalog a total of 110 nebulae, galaxies, and star clusters.
		Today, the "Messier Marathon" is somewhat of a rite of passage for amateur astronomers.
	www.seasky.org /astronomy/astronomy_messier.html (162 words)

	Messier Club Introduction
		The catalog was published in several stages as additions were made to it, the first 45 entries being printed in 1771.
		Since the purpose of the Messier Club is to familiarize the observer with the nature and location of the objects in the sky, the use of an automated telescope which finds the objects without effort on the part of the observer is not acceptable.
		Also "Messier marathon" sessions where all the objects are found in one occasion is to be discouraged if the beginning observer depends on other experienced observers to find the object to be observed.
	www.astroleague.org /al/obsclubs/messier/mess.html (777 words)

	Messier catalog on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Designations from Messier's catalog are frequently used to refer to the brighter nebulae and star clusters; for example, M31 is the Andromeda Galaxy, M1 the Crab Nebula, M42 the Great Nebula in Orion, and M45 the Pleiades.
		Messier Is Ready For His Close-Up: A maverick Frenchman auditions for the part of an American media mogul.
		Catalog sampler: modular cleanrooms modular laboratories and change room product guide.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/Messierc.asp (393 words)

	KenPress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Messier objects refer to a catalog of 112 (some report 110) of the biggest and brightest Deep Sky Objects in the heavens, that is, star clusters, nebulae and galaxies.
		Messier finally found the comet in January of 1759 but it was not on the path calculated by Delisle so Delisle did not announce Messier's discovery of the comet until several months later, after others had reported it.
		Delisle was born an aristrocrat and Messier was not.
	www.kenpress.com /Teachers.aspx?ArticleID=77&PageID=4 (984 words)

	The Astronomical Society of Harrisburg
		Even though Messier came from a poor family and had limited schooling he was hired at the age of 21 as a draftsman by Joseph-Nicholas de l'Isle, Astronomer to the French Navy.
		Messier neglected to include a number of bright deep-sky objects in his catalog, the Double Cluster (NGC 869 and NGC 884) being one obvious example.
		Charles Messier was limited as a scientist but he was an astute observational astronomer who studied sunspots, eclipses, and occultations in addition to discovering many comets and nebulous objects.
	www.astrohbg.org /mitsky/messier.php (1134 words)

	Charles Messier
		Messier as loyal employee stated: "I was a loyal servant of M. Delisle, I lived with him in his house, and I conformed with his command." When Delisle finally announced the discovery on April 1, 1759, it was not believed by the other French astronomers (perhaps they took it as an April Fool's joke).
		The Messier catalog was finally corrected by identifying at least 3 of the 4 missing objects, and brought into its current state by adding the late discoveries of Messier and Mechain, M104--M109, plus the non-cataloged discovery M110, only in the 20th century.
		Messier was appointed as associate editor of the Connaissance des Temps in 1785, and hold this post for five years until 1790.
	www.messiermarathon.com /about.htm (3313 words)

	Cosmic Voyage-The Online Resource for Amateur Astronomers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Born in 1730, the tenth of twelve children, Messier was deeply influenced by the appearance of a bright comet in 1744.
		Messier landed in Paris and was hired by Nicholas Delisle, France's Astronomer of the Navy.
		Charles Messier would be credited with the discovery or co-discovery of 13 comets over the course of his career.
	members.aol.com /billferris/marathon.html (546 words)

	MESSIER - Messier Nebulae
		The Messier Catalog of bright, extended objects was compiled by the comet-hunter Charles Messier in the 18th century.
		All of the objects in the Messier Catalog are north of -35 degrees declination.
		This version of the Messier Catalog was compiled primarily from Table III of Sky Catalog 2000.0: Volume 2, Double Stars, Variable Stars, and Nonstellar Objects, edited by Alan Hirshfeld and Roger W. Sinnott, Sky Publishing Corporation.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /W3Browse/all/messier.html (376 words)

	Messier Objects Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Messier objects are stellar objects, classified by astronomer Charles Messier in the 18th century, ranging from distant galaxies to star clusters to stellar nebula.
		The catalog was a major milestone in the history of astronomy, as it was the first comprehensive list of deep sky objects.
		He made the catalog in order to avoid mistaking those objects for comets, which were his true passion.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~jonesn5/cs112/labs/lab4/part2/messier.htm (236 words)

	Messier Certificate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Messier was a comet hunter working with speculum metal reflectors and small refractors that were the equivalent of a modern 80 - 100 mm reflector.
		If Messier were alive today he would no doubt be astonished at the size, distance and complexity of the various objects that he catalogued.
		A Messier Certificate is awarded to RASC members who observe all 110 objects on the Messier list as published annually in the Observer's Handbook.
	www.rasc.ca /observing/page3.html (483 words)

	Educational Observatory - Messier Objects
		The Interactive NGC Catalog Online - This is the interactive NGC (and IC, and Messier) catalog at SEDS, based on the famous NGC 2000.0 by R.W. Sinnott of Sky Publishing Corp., who also created the electronic version used by this online service (thanks to Sky Publishing for permitting us this kind of use).
		Messier Objects with Data - Homogenous data for all the Messier objects of their various types are plainly unavailable from professional sources, so our compilation is necessarily preliminary and far from being perfect, even if we completely disregard the generally poor availability of acurate distances.
		The Messier Catalog (By Types) - During the years from 1758 to 1782 Charles Messier, a French astronomer (1730 - 1817), compiled a list of approximately 100 diffuse objects that were difficult to distinguish from comets through the telescopes of the day.
	www.edu-observatory.org /eo/messier.html (480 words)

	The Messier Catalog : Starshine.com
		Messier was interested in finding comets, and this list catalogs objects that proved not to be comets.
		Due to Messier recording it at a location 4 degrees away, it was considered "missing" for long time until his descriptions were paired up with the object NGC2548.
		M108 is another one of the extended objects added to Messier's catalog in 1954 (based on his original notes).
	www.starshine.com /frankn/astronomy/messier.asp (4931 words)

	Charles Messier's Original Catalog
		Messier's catalog was an important milestone in the history of deepsky discovery.
		Messier mistook this nebula for the Comet of 1779, on the 5th, 6th and 11th of May; on the 11th he recognized that this was not the Comet, but a nebula which was located on its path and in the same point [place] of the sky.'
		Messier looked for it on the following October 5, and on October 18, compared it [i.e., its position] with the star 4 Capricorni, of sixth magnitude, according to Flamsteed: it seemed to M. Messier to be composed of nothing but very small [faint] stars, containing nebulosity: M. Méchain reported it as a nebula without stars.
	www.seds.org /messier/xtra/history/m-cat.html (8582 words)

	HEASARC On-line Service
		This catalog is intended to list all known cool carbon stars in the Milky Way galaxy, having known positions of at least roughly the precision of the Henry Draper Catalog.
		This part constitutes 78 percent of the catalog; the mean errors of the proper motions are +/-0.47 arcsec per century and +/-0.46 arcsec per century in right ascension and declination, respectively.
		* MCG - Morphological Catalog of Galaxies (Vorontsov-Velyaminov)
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/journal/online_service6.html (4822 words)

	Stargazer Online \|\| Messier Marathon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In an amazing coincidence, most of the objects (if not all) that Messier and Méchain took 24 years to observe and catalog can be observed in one night around the time of the vernal equinox, March 21 (generally).
		The first marathoner to hunt down all 110 Messier objects in a single night was perhaps Gerry Rattley of Dugas, Arizona on the night of March 23/24, 1985.
		Messier's instrument of choice was a 7.5" reflector, but the quality of the mirror wasn't quite the same as it is today.
	my.voyager.net /stargazer/marathon.html (3264 words)

	SEDS Messier Database
		During the years from 1758 to 1782 Charles Messier, a French astronomer (1730 - 1817), compiled a list of approximately 100 diffuse objects that were difficult to distinguish from comets through the telescopes of the day.
		Fortunately for us, the Messier Catalog became well known for a much higher purpose, as a collection of the most beautiful objects in the sky including nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies.
		While Messier's catalog was the first major reliable collection of deep-sky showpieces, and without doubt the most famous and important, others have followed since, including similar collections suitable e.g.
	www.seds.org /messier (1097 words)

	Observing Programs - Outline
		Since Messier's telescopes were far inferior to the ones used by amateurs today, he found only the biggest and brightest in the night sky.
		The "Messier Marathon" is not to be confused with the Messier Catalog that was discussed earlier.
		Since it is not possible to view the entire Messier Catalog this time of year, entries not viewable because they were to close to the horizon during twilight or below the horizon were removed and replaced by entries from the NGC while keeping the count at 110.
	www.saguaroastro.org /content/print-friendly/print-observing-programs-outline.htm (1730 words)

	Cousin Ricky's Amateur Astronomy--Will the Real Messier Catalog Please Stand Up?
		Messier's final catalog, and the one used by purists.
		These actually made the catalog briefly, but for some reason were omitted prior to publication.
		Messier clearly saw this one, because he drew a picture of it.
	cac.uvi.edu /staff/rc3/astro/m102.html (600 words)

	Labeling Objects in TheSky6
		Understanding the difference between the two is important when you want to display a particular label for the name, catalog number (or other catalog specific information) for a celestial object.
		The Messier Catalog is a very small, but popular catalog of 110 deep-space objects.
		A separate Sky Database holds the labels for the objects in the Messier catalog.
	www.bisque.com /help/TheSkyV6/Lableing_Objects_Explained.htm (388 words)

	Space Guide - Messier Objects
		The Messier Catalog was compiled by French astronomer Charles Messier (pronounced "Messy-Ay") between 1758 and 1782.
		Initially Messier listed 103 such objects, but subsequently 7 further entries were included (M104-110); these were objects observed by Messier and colleague Pierre Michain, but omitted from the initial published list.
		The Messier Catalog forms the basis of many an amateur astronomer's early observations, and includes many of the most recognisable night sky objects, including the Horsehead Nebula, the Andromeda Galaxy and the Crab Nebula.
	www.psigate.ac.uk /newsite/spaceguide/messier (725 words)

	SEDS Messier Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During the years from 1758 to 1782 Charles Messier, a French astronomer (1730 - 1817), compiled a list of approximately 100 diffuse objects that were difficult to distinguish from comets through the telescopes of the day.
		Fortunately for us, the Messier Catalog became well known for a much higher purpose, as a collection of the most beautiful objects in the sky including nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies.
		While Messier's catalog was the first major reliable collection of deep-sky showpieces, and without doubt the most famous and important, others have followed since, including similar collections suitable e.g.
	www.obspm.fr /messier (1136 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Science/Health -- You can order the cosmos with Messier's Catalog
		Messier was an 18th-century astronomer who scanned the skies in search of new comets, hoping that these would lead to fame and fortune.
		What these were didn't matter to Messier but, to avoid wasting any more time checking them out again and again, he compiled a list of all he found.
		Ironically, Messier never achieved fame or fortune for his comet discoveries; instead it was his list of "nuisance" objects for which he is known.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/science/20020703-9999_1c3star.html (429 words)

	Cosmic Voyage-The Online Resource for Amateur Astronomers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Many amateur astronomers begin their deep-sky adventure by observing the 110 assorted nebulae, star clusters and galaxies in the Messier catalog.
		This catalog was compiled by French astronomer Charles Messier during the late 1700's and includes many of the best deep-sky objects that can be observed with a small telescope.
		You may enjoy visiting the SEDS Messier Database, a Web site maintained by the Students for the Exploration and Development of Space featuring information about Charles Messier and his catalog.
	members.aol.com /billferris/messier.html (128 words)

	Sky Publishing - Names of Deep-Sky Objects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Messier (pronounced "MESS-yay") was a comet hunter, and the main purpose of his list was to provide himself and others with a roster of cometlike objects to ignore.
		But Messier certainly included some of his new "nebulae" (as practically everything nonstellar was called back then) just because they were new.
		Although the Messier catalog is 200 years old it is still the most commonly used list, simply because it contains most bright nonstellar objects in the northern two-thirds of the sky.
	www.wwnorton.com /astro21/sandt/dsonames.html (2133 words)

	Messier catalog
		These objects were fuzzy like comets, but they couldn't be comets because they didn't move: unlike comets they were known to keep their place among the fixed stars.
		Among professional astronomers, the Messier catalog is obsolete, replaced by catalogs like the NGC.
		A website with photographs of all the Messier objects can be accessed at http://seds.org/billa/dssm/messier.html, with informative essays on each object (click on the “more” link).
	www.sizes.com /natural/messier_catalog.htm (214 words)

	Astronomical Leage - Template for new pages
		The 110 or so objects in the Messier Catalog introduced the observer to the importance of careful observing and record keeping.
		The New General Catalog was a compilation of several deep-sky catalogs circa 1880; it contained almost 8,000 objects of which 2,477 of these objects were observed by William Herschel.
		You will notice a few Messier objects in the listings, also the Double Cluster, along with most of the brighter deep-sky objects that did not find their way into Messier's Catalog.
	www.astroleague.org /al/obsclubs/herschel/hers400.html (705 words)

	Messier Certificate
		Observe 70 Messier objects (for the certificate) and keep a record of your observations.
		Each of your observations must be confirmed by a second observer as to the identity of the object and that you found it by yourself with only star maps to assist, but without any type of computerized setting circles or a "Goto" telescope.
		When you have observed the balance of the Messier Objects, have your notebook or records examined again and a letter forwarded to the Messier Club Chairman again, indicating that you have completed the observations of the Messier Catalog.
	www.astro-tom.com /messier/messier_files/messier_certificate.htm (585 words)

	Messier Objects
		Charles Messier was born June 26, 1730, and he devoted much of his life to the search for comets, which generally first appear as diffuse objects.
		As he came across these objects, he would catalog them so that he could go back to these objects later to verify if they were in fact comets or some other object.
		Charles Messier died at the age of 87 on April 12, 1817.
	www.synapticsystems.com /sky/messier.html (353 words)

	The Messier Catalog
		The 104 objects of the famous Messier catalog comprise a list notable for its historical interest, its even distribution throughout the heavens, and its variety.
		The Messier objects have long been favorites among amateur astronomers, but are rarely compiled separately.
		It is perhaps a common impression that Messier discovered all of the objects in his remarkable list.
	www.lsus.edu /nonprofit/sbas/messier.htm (3176 words)

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