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Topic: Messinian Salinity Crisis

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	Messinian salinity crisis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Messinian Salinity Crisis, also referred to as the Messinian Event, is the name given to a period when the Mediterranean Sea evaporated partly or completely dry during the Messinian period of the Miocene epoch, approximately 6 million years ago.
		The intertidal flat was eventually exposed by the final desiccation, at which time anhydrite was precipitated by saline ground water underlying sabkhas.
		The onset of the salinity crisis is synchronous over the entire Mediterranean basin, dated at 5.96 ± 0.02 million years ago.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Messinian_Salinity_Crisis (1093 words)

	Mediterranean Sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The geology of the Mediterranean is complex, involving the break-up and then collision of the African and Eurasian plates, and the Messinian Salinity Crisis in the late Miocene when the Mediterranean dried up.
		The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m and the deepest recorded point is 5267 meters (about 3.27 miles) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea.
		As a result of the drying of the sea during the Messinian Salinity Crisis, the marine biota of the Mediterranean are derived primarily from the Atlantic Ocean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mediterranean_Sea (1467 words)

	Igitur-archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The `Tortonian salinity crisis' of the eastern Betics (Spain)
		The `Tortonian salinity crisis' of the eastern Betics is obviously related to a local phase of basin restriction caused by uplift of the metamorphic complexes at the basin margins, probably in concert with strike-slip activity along SW-NE trending fault systems.
		The development of a submarine sill is of crucial importance for the increase in salinity because it allows marine waters to continuously enter the basin at the surface while it restricts or prevents the outflow of dense saline waters at depth.
	igitur-archive.library.uu.nl /geo/2002-0221-154048/UUindex.html (339 words)

	Messinian Salinity Crisis - Select Bibliography for Students (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The significance of Messinian occurrences of Globorotalia margaritae and Globorotalia puncticulata in Sicily.
		Abstract: The Messinian "salinity crisis" which affected the Mediterranean represents one of the most dramatic examples of base-level fluctuation known in the geological record: an amplitude of perhaps 2 km within a stage with a duration of less than 2 Ma.
		The coralgal bioherms of pre-evaporite Messinian age exhibit fossil assemblages indicating marine waters with normal salinity, whereas stromatolitic and microbial encrustations underline the deterioration of the environment during the Messinian salinity crisis.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~imw/messin.htm (4222 words)

	Igitur-archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Earliest explanations were that extremely thick evaporites were deposited in a deep and desiccated Mediterranean basin that had been repeatedly isolated from the Atlantic Ocean, but elucidation of the causes of the isolation--whether driven largely by glacio-eustatic or tectonic processes--have been ham pered by the absence of an accurate time frame.
		We show that the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis is synchronous over the entire Mediterranean basin, dated at 5:96 ± 0:02 million years ago.
		We argue in favour of a dominantly tectonic origin for the Messinian salinity crisis, although its exact timing may well have been controlled by the ~400-kyr component of the Earth's eccentricity cycle.
	igitur-archive.library.uu.nl /geo/2001-0711-134917/UUindex.html (259 words)

	SEVPOST
		In the case of the Mediterranean region, the end of the Messinian (5.8 to 5.32 Ma) is characterised by an important event: the "Messinian salinity crisis".
		Most of these sequences does not cover the whole Messinian, especially in the Mediterranean region where sedimentation was not continuous during the salinity crisis.
		This basin was not completely desiccated during the salinity crisis because of a positive water balance (the Po Valley received water from the Apennines and the Alps).
	www.imep-cnrs.com /pages/sevpost.htm (1147 words)

	The Mediterranean deep-sea fauna: historical evolution, bathymetric variations and geographical changes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Called the “Messinian salinity crisis” (Hsü et alii, 1978) it resulted in a massive decrease in the representatives of most phyla, and especially those in the deeper waters.
		However, the higher temperature and salinity of the eastern basin prevented the penetration and propagation of stenothermal and stenohaline species from the western Circalittoral and Bathyal zones despite a favourable bottom-current over the Siculo-Tunisian sill.
		The difficulty in survival owing to the homothermy and the lack of food in the deeper Mediterranean, which exhibits a relative oligotrophy strengthened by the shelf-break barrier, and in the western basin by the cyclonic current which is stronger in the Upper Bathyal zone (see Emig 1997, with references).
	paleopolis.rediris.es /cg/CG2004_A01_CCE-PG (3949 words)

	RHOI Bibliography - All Subjects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		CORNÉE, J. MÜNCH, M. SAINT MARTIN and J. The late Messinian erosional surface and the subsequent reflooding in the Mediterranean: New insights from the MelillaNador basin (Morocco)." Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 230(1-2): 129-154.
		SORIA, J. FERNANDEZ and C. The stratigraphic record of the Messinian salinity crisis in the northern margin of the Bajo Segura Basin (SE Spain)." Sedimentary Geology 179(3-4): 225-247.
		VENNIN, E., J.-M. and V. Paleoecological constraints on reef-coral morphologies in the Tortonian-early Messinian of the Lorca Basin SE Spain." Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 213(1-2): 163-185.
	rhoi.berkeley.edu /biblio/allrefs_chrono.htm (10144 words)

	Erosional processes and paleo-environmental changes in the Western Gulf of Lions (SW France) duri...
		Current interpretation of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) involves partial "clesiccation" of the Mediterranean Sea coupled with the deposition of thick evaporites in the deep basins.
		The Messinian Erosional Surface (MES), commonly correlated with the "desiccation" phase and the deposition of deep evaporites during the apogee of the event, is generally interpreted as a subaerial feature.
		In the Gulf of Lions, it is a complex diachronic polygenic erosional surface observed at the base of the prograding Plio-Quatemary sequence beneath the shelf and slope; it extends downslope beneath the deep basin Upper Evaporites and the Salt, and possibly correlates conformably with the base of the so-called deep Lower Evaporites.
	www.ifremer.fr /docelec/notice/2005/notice782-EN.htm (480 words)

	Revisiting the Messinian Flood - TheologyWeb Campus
		The authors set out to examine “the evidence on which the conclusion that the Mediterranean Sea dried up during the Messinian was based.” They point out much progress has been made since the DSDP findings were published and the Messinian salinity crisis scenario was developed.
		Furthermore, it remains entirely possible that during the Messinian the Mediterranean was a complex of smaller structural basins, each with their own tectonic and hydrologic histories and hence each likely to have had a different history of evaporite deposition, perhaps some shallow, others deep, yet others alternating between shallow and deep.
		On the Messinian salinity crisis, the geologists are not of the same mind - even though the dry dessication model is widespread and is popularised by the mass media.
	www.theologyweb.com /campus/showthread.php?t=49430 (5825 words)

	The Messinian salinity crisis website
		Colloquium on "The Messinian salinity crisis revisited" will be held at the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra of the University of Parma (Italy) the 7
		I believe that a website open to the free contribute of all Messinian scientist would represent a valuable chance to create a permanent, up to date and stimulating network of scientific knowledge, personal relationships and feedbacks, from which new collaborations, ideas and project proposals would hopefully arise.
		The stratigraphic record of the Messinian salinity crisis in the northern margin of the Bajo Segura Basin (SE Spain)
	www.messinianonline.it (1586 words)

	New insight into the cause of the Messinian salinity crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In August of 1970 the DSDP ship Challenger was positioned in the western Mediterranean, south of the Balearic Islands, in almost 3000 m of water.
		The geologists on board were looking for the source of a prominent sub-sea-floor seismic feature called the M-reflector, and, to their great surprise, they drilled into a thick layer of anhydrite - the first evidence of a vast deposit of evaporite rocks extending across the Mediterranean.
		It is now widely accepted that these evaporites, which formed during the Messinian (late Miocene) – between 5.96 and 5.33 m.y.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~earles/messinian-crisis-apr03.htm (502 words)

	EVAPORITIC AND HYDROTHERMAL GYPSUM FROM SE IBERIA: GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SEARCHING FOR LIFE ON ...
		The Messinian salinity crisis probably was the most outstanding geological event of the late Cenozoic.
		The giant evaporitic (anhydrite/gypsum) sequence is well represented in the stratigraphic record and consists of several crises that fit the context of catastrophic modeling of a Mediterranean "saline giant".
		Governador Valadares, Nakhla), and a Martian analog to the Earth's salt pans and saline lakes of arid regions may have existed in crater-basins during Mars' early (Noachian) epoch.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_26777.htm (509 words)

	[No title]
		Previous models developed to explain the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) have relied on sequences deposited in the Mediterranean Basin which are inherently discontinuous.
		Based on the new palynological evidences, it is concluded that the Messinian Mediterranean Salinity Crisis resulted from two steps which were of very different origins and were successive in time.
		The first step of the crisis was of eustatic origin, corresponding to global lowering of relative sea level, probably associated with major expansion of ice sheets in Antarctica, at approximately 5.7 Ma.
	www.geol.lsu.edu /Faculty/Warny (1406 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Mediterranean Sea
		The geology of the Mediterranean is complex, involving the break-up and then collision of the African and Eurasian plates and the Messinian Salinity Crisis.
		The Sea was reduced to several lakes with varying salinity.
		Even now the Mediterranean is relatively salty compared to the adjacent North Atlantic because of its near isolation by the Straits of Gibraltar and its high rate of evaporation.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Mediterranean (1181 words)

	Glasgow ePrints Service - The onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean (Pissouri Basin, ...
		The onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean (Pissouri Basin, cyprus)
		Krijgsman, W. and Blanc-Valleron, M.M. and Flecker, R. and Hilgen, F.J. and Kouwenhoven, T.J. and Merle, D. and Orszag-Sperber, F. and Rouchy, J.M. The onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean (Pissouri Basin, cyprus).
		The Pissouri Basin in Cyprus contains one of the most suitable sedimentary successions with which to study the onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean.
	eprints.gla.ac.uk /458 (262 words)

	April Geological Society of America Bulletin media highlights
		Sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Vena del Gesso basin (Northern Apennines, Italy): Implications for the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis
		The complete desiccation of the Mediterranean basin and its transformation into a giant saline is commonly envisaged to explain such unusual rock succession.
		This study suggests that the amplitude of sea-level change associated with the onset of the “Messinian salinity crisis” was less pronounced than previously thought.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-04/gsoa-ags040103.php (1563 words)

	communications
		The sedimentary and tectonic consequences of the Messinian salinity crisis on the Algerian margin, southwestern Mediterranean.
		MAILLARD A., GORINI C., and the SESAME Group (including DEVERCHERE J.), Evidences for erosional episodes and "Lago-Mare" type environment in the Messinian units of the Valencia trough, 4th International Congress on Environment and Identity in the Mediterranean (The Messinian Salinity Crisis revisited), 19-25 July 2004, Corte, France (Poster).
		DELOUIS B. LARROQUE C., et SANKOV V., A reappraisal of the source of the 1950 (Mw 6.9) Mondy earthquake, Siberia, and its relevance to the present-day strain pattern at the southwestern end of the Baikal Rift zone,, E.G.S. XXVII General Assembly, Nice, France, avril 2002.
	perso-sdt.univ-brest.fr /~jacdev/page_communications.htm (4051 words)

	roveri
		The integration of field and subsurface data permits a substantial revision of the sedimentary evolution of the Vena del Gesso basin, a thrust-top basin in the Northern Apennines where shallow-water primary gypsum deposits related to the Messinian salinity crisis were well developed and preserved.
		As inferred from lateral and vertical facies changes within the underlying deep-marine turbidites of the Marnoso-arenacea Formation, evaporite precipitation occurred in a basin bounded to the north and to the east by a thrust-related anticline actively growing since the late Tortonian.
		The sedimentary history of the Vena del Gesso basin suggests that the Messinian salinity crisis in the Apennine foredeep, as well as in the Balearic, Tyrrhenian, Sicily, and Eastern Mediterranean Basins, was tightly linked to tectonic processes.
	www.venadelgesso.org /testi/geologia/roveri2.htm (439 words)

	The Multiple Signatures of the Mediterranean Messinian Salinity Crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The crisis fits with the lowstand of third order cycle TB 3.4, increased by Western Mediterranean sills.
		It occured in a deep basin physiography testified by canyons.
		MESSINIAN CONTEMPORANEOUS SIGNATURES The crisis is recorded by three signatures : (i) the evaporites of the abyssal plains, (ii) the canyons on margins and also on European and African hinterlands (iii) and, in between, the apron built by coalescents canyons fans.
	aapg.confex.com /aapg/barcelona/techprogram/paper_83878.htm (256 words)

	ASA - May 2002: YEC, messinian salinity crisis and promise to A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		ASA - May 2002: YEC, messinian salinity crisis and promise to A
		YEC, messinian salinity crisis and promise to Abraham
		Next in thread: Duff, Robert: "YEC, messinian salinity crisis and promise to Abraham"
	www.asa3.org:16080 /archive/ASA/200205/0039.html (147 words)

	Oxford Eprints - Calibrating the duration and timing of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean: linked ...
		Oxford Eprints - Calibrating the duration and timing of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean: linked tectonoclimatic signals in thrust-top basins of Sicily
		Calibrating the duration and timing of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean: linked tectonoclimatic signals in thrust-top basins of Sicily
		The Messinian ‘salinity crisis’ which affected the Mediterranean represents one of the most dramatic examples of base-level fluctuation known in the geological record: an amplitude of perhaps 2 km within a stage with a duration of less than 2 Ma.
	eprints.ouls.ox.ac.uk /archive/00000779 (331 words)

	Royal Holloway, University of London
		Research by a Royal Holloway geologist may explain why the Mediterranean ran dry over 5 million years ago.
		Last month the prestigious science journal, Nature, published a paper by Dr Svend Duggen and colleagues, which focuses on one of the most dramatic events on Earth during the Cenozoic era known as the Messinian salinity crisis.
		Dr Duggen, 33, an expert on igneous geology, is lecturing in the Department of Geology for one year.
	www.rhul.ac.uk /for-staff/on-campus/may03/duggen.html (257 words)

	Leeds University, School of Earth and Environment: The Messinian Salinity Crisis. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Leeds University, School of Earth and Environment: The Messinian Salinity Crisis.
		In the recent geological past however thick halite deposits appear to have accumulated across the floor of the Mediterranean, the result of the "Messinian Salinity Crisis".
		The linked tectonic and climatic events that led to this remarkable episode are highly controversial.
	earth.leeds.ac.uk /tectonics/messinian (198 words)

	ASA - May 2002: YEC, messinian salinity crisis and promise to A
		Previous message: Duff, Robert: "YEC, messinian salinity crisis and promise to Abraham"
		this salinity crisis and a dried down Mediterranean.
		the evidence of the salinity crisis (which they seem willing to do
	www.asa3.org /archive/asa/200205/0040.html (1002 words)

	Margo Kingston's Webdiary - smh.com.au (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Posted by: Jonathan Sarfati at June 24, 2005 01:28 PM Alex Ritchie [June 24, 2005 09:02 AM] claims that the so-called Messinian Salinity Crisis in the Mediterranean proves that the biblical record is incorrect.
		In the case of the so-called Messinian Salinity Crisis, we recently published an article by Mike Oard in TJ (The in-depth journal of creation) which details all the problems with the Messinian scenario and why it does not fit the geological evidence and why the biblical framework makes better sense of the data.
		The high level of salinity would have precluded any plant life or, by extension, animal life, rendering the entire basin a wasteland.
	www.webdiary.smh.com.au /archives/phil_uebergang_comment/001177.html (20782 words)

	Jens Steffahn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		STEFFAHN, J. and MICHALZIK, D. (2000): Foraminiferal paleoecology and biostratigraphy in the pre- and post-evaporitic Late Miocene (Messinian) of the Lorca Basin, SE Spain.
		Thesis: "Biofacies development of south-east spanish Neogene basins after the Messinian Salinity Crisis - palaeontological and statistical investigations on foraminifera".
		Research assistant at the Department for Geology and Palaeontology, University of Hannover within DFG funded projects MI 353/2-1, MI 353/2-2: "Litho- and biofacies development of (west-)mediterranean ecosystems after the Messinian Salinity Crisis".
	homepage.ruhr-uni-bochum.de /Jens.Steffahn/index-e.htm (918 words)

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