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Topic: Mestizaje

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	MESTIZAJE UPSIDE DOWN by Javier Sanjninés C. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Javier Sanjinés C. "Analyzes the presentation of mestizaje in the sociohistorical, political, and aesthetic traditions of twentieth-century Bolivia.
		Sanjinés traces the rise of mestizaje as a defining feature of Bolivian modernism through the political struggles and upheavals of the twentieth century.
		Javier Sanjinés C., associate professor of Latin American literature and cultural studies at the University of Michigan, is the author of numerous Spanish-language books on Bolivian culture, and is visiting professor of cultural studies at Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, in Quito, Ecuador.
	www.pitt.edu /~press/books/mestizajeupsidedown.html (268 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Miller, Rise and Fall of the Cosmic Race
		Mestizaje was often used interchangeably with terms such as "hybridity," "transculturation," "creolization," " métissage," and "heterogeneity," while other critics rejected it outright as a synonym of any of these, because of its historical associations with questions of race.
		By instigating or authoring mestizaje, La Malinche is either the face of disaster, "La Chingada," or a pillar of resistance and survival, the womb of cultural annihilation, or the fertile ground of cultural diplomacy.
		That is, mestizaje and its variants have been claimed in a vast array of political and cultural projects in the Americas in attempts to solve the riddle of identity for the diverse inhabitants of the area, and in efforts to project this identity to geographical and cultural neighbors.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exmilris.html (7959 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mestizaje would, therefore, manifest itself as idealized response to the real trauma (the sex, the blood, the dismemberment) of its origin, the "colonial situation." Its enactment institutes a retroactive narrativization of its history.
		The rhetoric of mestizaje institutes a logic of difference in the social geography of the nation by circulating a multiplicity of racial categories, which are hierarchically regulated.
		By eliding flness, mestizaje relegates the fl to a completely distinct temporal plane; a plane that because of its alterity is located in the past, a past that has no (co)relation with the time of the present.
	www.javeriana.edu.co /pensar/BR.html (3193 words)

	Untitled Document
		The concept of mestizaje, therefore, is rooted in the idea that Mexicans are halfbreeds, illegitimate children not fully Indian nor fully European.
		Mestizaje was further promulgated and institutionalized in 1925 with the help of Jose Vasconcelos, Mexico's former Minister of Education.
		In recognizing both Spanish and Mexica identity, Gonzales is also saying in his poem what many defenders of mestizaje say: that Mexican identity is mixed and layered and that the Spanish presence (both in blood and in culture) cannot be denied, but must be embraced.
	www.mexika.org /Mestizo.html (4115 words)

	MELUS: Transgressing Borders: Puerto Rican and Latina Mestizaje - Critical Essay
		In this essay, I use mestizaje to emphasize the shared complexities between island and mainland identities because the term itself is a bridge, revealing the intimacy between seemingly unlike components.
		Puerto Rican mixture is both mestiza and mulatto, pairing the mediating mixture of mestizaje with a fl-to-white racial spectrum.
		This "new mestizaje" forces a radical rethinking of the terms of national identity, as well, and complicates the drawing of national borders.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2278/is_2_25/ai_67532181 (1250 words)

	To Die in This Way: Nicaraguan Indians and the Myth of the Mestizaje 1880-1965 (Latin America Otherwise) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1990, the Sandinistas pay for their "participation in the reproduction of the myth of mestizaje" with losses in the north by margins of 4 to 1 and 5 to 1 in the areas of the Comunidades IndÃgenas.
		It approaches the myth of mestizaje as a set of mutually justifying rhetorical and coercive strategies which create the mestizo nation as a natural condition.
		Moreover, the outcome of the struggle against the mestizaje project is not a neutral reinterpreted indigenous ethnicity, but is one characterized by loss.
	www.historyamericas.com /To_Die_in_This_Way_Nicaraguan_Indians_and_the_Myth_of_the_Mestizaje_18801965_Latin_America_Otherwise_0822320983.html (1040 words)

	[No title]
		The dead Indians who had built the temples and the pyramids were therefore seen as "advan ced" for their time and place, but living indigenous people were seen as backward and traditional, in need of "modernisation and progress".
		It was taken over and used in the attempt to construct a political ideology of modern national identity and unity, a nationalist ideology of social progress, by a state which claimed to be revolutionary.
		He hoped that seeing the ideology of mestizaje for what it was would enable all Mexicans to build a less authoritarian, more democratic society and a new kind of nationalism.
	www.interaction.org /files.cgi/3526_mestizaje_and_indigenous_identities.rtf (7682 words)

	Excerpt Chicano Poetics
		Mestizaje means that the mestizo is the confluence of different races, in the senses of descending from an original hybrid begetting, of continually procreating mestizo offspring, and of simply being, in the present incarnation, multiracial.
		The interlingual speech of the Chicano and the hybridized poem in particular are especially apt at expressing the ambiguities inherent in mestizaje and those in either Aztlán or the borderlands.
		Mestizaje is therefore not the simple and difficult problem it is for racial purists; instead, it is an opportunity to consider Indianness, Europeanness, and mestizo-ness as perspective bound, politically weighted mental constructs.
	alfredarteaga.com /cpessay.html (5172 words)

	Center for Latin American Studies, UC Berkeley
		During the first half of the 20th century, mestizaje was defined as the phenomenon of biological miscegenation between Europeans and indigenous people that took place in Latin America during the colonial period.
		Subsequently, mestizaje can be defined as the process through which some states regularize the legal status of these individuals in order to include them in the national process of modernization.
		”Mestizaje, states Tarica, is what makes industrialization possible, since industrialization requires that people loosen their ties to the land, and hence undercuts rural communitarian life.” Mestizo nationalism, she adds, authenticates and normalizes the transformation from a rural to an urban society — at the expense of the indigenous people.
	www.clas.berkeley.edu:7001 /Events/spring2005/03-07-05-tarica (1173 words)

	ESPAÑA - Arte y Actualidad: El creador del Movimiento Caos, R. de Mingo, expone en el Palacio del Infantado 130 obras ...
		Mestizaje comprende más de 130 obras creadas por 45 artistas de 19 países de los cinco continentes en colaboración con el creador castellano, fundador del Grupo Abanico y del Movimiento Caos.
		Mestizaje, se aleja del grupo poliédrico, distinto e inclasificable que es el Grupo Abanico, deja atrás la provocación y el reflejo anti-moda del Movimiento Caos y se interesa por el discurso plástico puro y duro.
		Mestizaje, fusión, mixtura, diálogo entre creadores, que buscan consolidar su capacidad de aprendizaje, que potencian su evolución cerebral a base a unos discursos, sensaciones y vivencias prácticas: pintando.
	www.artesur.com /ispana/archivos/000119.php (1485 words)

	Marcial Gonzalez's Paper
		From this perspective, one might argue that the concept of mestizaje is potentially revolutionary, given that it does not pursue some romantic quest for nationhood in the traditional sense, but opts instead for the construction of a transnational community united around common political and spiritual ideals.
		I agrue, however, that the new mestizaje retains aspects of Chicano nationalism, most obviously by privileging cultural essence over other historical determinants of identity, not least of all social class and global capitalism.
		What the new mestizaje may have gotten rid of, at least symbolically, are physical borders and time, but ultimately what gets erased is history.
	fuentes.csh.udg.mx /CUCSH/Sincronia/gonzalez.html (2842 words)

	Mestizo Nations. Excerpt. University of Arizona Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The discourse of mestizaje proposes that it is possible and desirable to construct a nation out of heterogeneous populations.
		The final three chapters analyze versions of the discourse of mestizaje proposed during the last three decades of the twentieth century and point out the continued relevance of the questions—and answers—these texts have raised and proposed for postmodern and multicultural attempts at dealing with national and international heterogeneity.
		Thus, the discourse of mestizaje is a response, no matter how faulty or biased, to a problem that is every day more relevant in our contemporary world, where Eurocentric versions of identity fade as contemporary migrations bring individuals of all races, cultures, and ethnicities into daily contact with each other.
	www.uapress.arizona.edu /samples/sam1463.htm (1779 words)

	Noticias recientes sobre la hibridación (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		De ahí que algunos prefieran seguir hablando de sincretismo en cuestiones religiosas, de mestizaje en historia y antropología, de fusión en música.
		Si queremos ir más allá de liberar al análisis cultural de sus tropismos fundamentalistas identitarios, debemos situar a la hibridación en otra red de conceptos: por ejemplo, contradicción, mestizaje, sincretismo, transculturación y creolización.
		Por tanto, la composición de todas las Américas requiere la noción de mestizaje, tanto en el sentido biológico - producción de fenotipos a partir de cruzamientos genéticos- como cultural: mezcla de hábitos, creencias y formas de pensamiento europeos con los originarios de las sociedades americanas.
	www.ciepac.org /otras%20temas/migrantes/hibridacion.htm (4838 words)

	DHV para nosotros
		Mestizaje fue también el cruce entre españoles y negros, cuya primera hibridación fue llamada mulato.
		En Venezuela, como en el resto de las posesiones españolas, el proceso de mestizaje primario, como resultado del cruce hispano-indio, se inició desde las décadas de 1520 y 1530, tanto en la región de Cubagua y Margarita al oriente, como en Curazao y Coro al occidente.
		En términos generales el mestizaje ha acompañado siempre a las grandes civilizaciones del mundo y el aislamiento étnico ha sido propio de culturas primitivas.
	www.fpolar.org.ve /nosotros/historia/mestizaje.html (584 words)

	UCLA LGBTS Lecture Series: Alicia Arrizón (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In this presentation, Arrizón examines the queer female body in the staging of mestizaje as a form of transculturation.
		The significance of this approach lies in its ability to reinscribe the simulacrum of bodies and acts that raise questions of cultural hybridization, generating new political initiatives of the queer racialized body.
		In this engagement, Arrizón proposes to examine how the queering of mestizaje itself can be both described by the tropes for cross-cultural contact—the hybrid, the intercultural body, and by lesbian desire.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/lgbts/arrizon.htm (137 words)

	EL MESTIZAJE EN LA COCINA GADITANA
		El año pasado abordamos la gastronomía tradicional gaditana, desde un punto de vista, que introducía el mestizaje como un elemento más de los que han ido transformando la tradición a través del tiempo, conformando en la actualidad esa realidad imaginada de la que hablábamos, fruto de innumerables factores individuales y colectivos.
		Durante mucho tiempo se identificó a los europeos con la cultura del trigo, a los asiáticos con la del arroz, a los americanos con la del maíz y a la africana con la del mijo.
		El mestizaje que se produce hoy en el mundo, es muchísimo más rápido que cualquiera de los que ha conocido nuestra historia, los nuevos canales de comunicación y transporte de mercancías, hacen que podamos recibir un producto de Japón o Australia en tiempo record, en perfectas condiciones y no siempre a elevado precio.
	club.telepolis.com /torrefdz/pa_come36.htm (4244 words)

	Theology Today - Vol 45, No.3 - October 1988 - ARTICLE - Mestizaje and Marginality: A Hispanic American Theology
		Hispanics in the United States, moreover, have experienced an additional mestizaje as they immigrated into North American culture or saw their homelands taken over by the United States as a result of the Mexican-American and Spanish-American Wars.
		And the mestizaje and marginality of Hispanic Americans define a unique cultural identity; bearing characteristics of each of its parental cultures, it remains distinct from each.
		And since the Incarnation is the ultimate intersection, the supreme mestizaje, it is the lens through which they most often view the other intersections between Christianity and the world.
	theologytoday.ptsem.edu /oct1988/v45-3-article3.htm (5114 words)

	Anne of Avonlea by L. M. Montgomery, ISBN 0891901558 And Mestizaje in Ibero-America by Claudio Esteva-Fabregat, ISBN ...
		One of the most remarkable results of the arrival of Europeans in the New World may often be taken for granted: the emergence of the mestizo component in Latin American societies.
		The racial mixing that occurred in the Hispanic New World is the subject of this important study, which draws on a wide variety of historical, ethnographic, demographic, and biological sources to analyze processes of intermarriage, assimilation, and acculturation that continue in Latin America to the present day.
		Mestizaje in Ibero-America sheds new light on miscegenation and acculturation: their different levels and proportions in particular periods and in rural and urban areas, and the role of Spanish, Indian, and African women in the historical process of biological fusion.
	rivercitycentral.com /avonlea.htm (281 words)

	[No title]
		Cultural mestizaje offers an alternative to the explicit separatisms and the hidden dichotomies that have governed and shaped the colonial histories we have received (ruler/ruled, Spanish/Indigenous, institutional/informal, omnipotence/weakness, outside world/ local community, imposing/resisting, and secular/religious, among many possible others).
		It signals states of mind more than places on a map; mestizo places are middle grounds, grey areas, protean places in which ideas and habits are in motion, developing among people who are away from their home turf, or between a few sets of cultural bearings.
		When mestizaje expands its repertoire and becomes a broader thinking tool about cultural mobility and permeability in colonial societies, it rests uneasily and even inaccurately upon its racialised and restrictive foundation.
	members.shaw.ca /ubcworldhistory/Mills.doc (5022 words)

	Department of Spanish and Latin American Studies
		It is difficult to think of three terms which have been used more frequently than 'mestizaje', transculturation and heterogeneity in order to analyse Latin American cultural dynamics.
		Antonio Cornejo Polar rejects the notion of 'mestizaje' because, despite being 'the most powerful and widespread conceptual device with which Latin America has interpreted itself', it is predicated on a 'salvational ideology' which promotes a notion of a 'conciliating synthesis of the many mixtures that constitute the social and cultural Latin America corpus'.
		In a series of test-cases, including theoretical inquiry (heterogeneity versus 'mestizaje'), contemporary quotidian culture (Chaqwa), national icons (the Incas, the Republic), and literature (José María Arguedas), a modest attempt has been made to analyse the ways in which cultural meaning is allegorised.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /spanish-latinamerican/resources/hartperuviancultstud.htm (4474 words)

	Jeffrey L Gould (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The impact of the emergence of mestizaje on the indigenous people may better be appreciated with recourse to the notion of "the unthinkable." Michel-Rolph Trouillot cites Bourdieu's remark that the unthinkable of an epoch is so not only for ethical and political inclinations, but also because a lack of conceptual instruments.
		La Matanza must be understood in the context of the ideological blossoming of mestizaje, the simultaneous ennobling of the indigenous past and the creation of a nonoligarchic, popular national identity.
		Similar to the process that I uncovered in Nicaragua, this form of mestizaje would be a precondition for an alliance with the Left.78 In Nicaragua, my recent study noted, the Sandinistas could relate to both the memories of primitive accumulation and the notion that Indian-ness was in the past.
	www.duke.edu /web/las/Council/gould.html (9164 words)

	The Human Face of Globalization: From Multicultural to Mestizaje - Jacques Audinet - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
		Anthropologist and sociologist Jacques Audinet proposes an alternative to culture wars and simple multiculturalism as he explores the history and evolution of mestizaje, the mixing of races and cultures resulting in a third and new force able to ease the tensions between the original two.
		Audinet reviews the tragic history of imperial and colonial conquests and traces the growth of mestizaje, especially stimulated by literature, music and sports.
		He acknowledges the uncertainty of the changes, but emphasizes the essential role that mestizaje can play in the avoidance of racial and cultural clashes while pursuing equality as part of the promise of a democratic society.
	www.libreriauniversitaria.it /BUS/0742542289/The_Human_Face_of_Globalization:_From_Multicultural_to_Mestizaje.htm (183 words)

	Scholars hail Elizondo’s vision
		It is that transformation that convinced Audinet to travel to San Antonio last month to reunite with his former student, Elizondo, who years ago first raised the idea of challenges of cross-cultural identity with Audinet.
		To be a mestizo/mestiza is often translated as being of mixed race or mixed ethnic origin.
		The mestizaje theme will continue at the cultural center’s gatherings in the months ahead, said the center’s president, Sister of Mercy Maria Elena Gonzalez.
	www.natcath.com /NCR_Online/archives/071400/071400g.htm (974 words)

	busqueme.info: tipos de raza (el mestizaje)
		a la tolerancia, a la convivencia y al mestizaje, al respeto del otro, y la cuestión de la...
		Greyhound, pero debemos pensar que este mestizaje se produjo debido a características funcionales...
		El mestizaje es quizás el valor mas importantes de los seres humanos y lo que, en ultima instancia...
	www.busqueme.info /TIPOS-DE-RAZA-(EL-MESTIZAJE) (629 words)

	The Melting Blog: Coding Mestizaje
		Deprived of a stable place in the social order and without firm roots in any one heritage, the racially mixed learned to thrive amid social, racial and cultural ambiguity.
		Perhaps the most significant legacy of the Chicano Movement was to remove the shame of brownness.
		While mestizaje will continue to break down racial and ethnic barriers, it will also sow confusion and instability; some identities will be lost while others will be born.
	www.newamericandimensions.com /weblogs/meltingblog/archives/000116.html (560 words)

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