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Topic: Mestnichestvo

In the News (Thu 16 Feb 12)

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	Sovnarkhoz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Simultaneously, a large number of ministries were shut down.
		In practice, the ministerial compartmentalism was replaced by territoriality (местничество, mestnichestvo, in Russian economic slang), miscoordination and duplication of efforts, despite making the failure to fulfil obligations before other sovnarknozes a criminal offence.
		Despite several attempts to patch the new organizational structure, it failed in its purpose to increase the productivity of the planned economy in the Soviet Union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sovnarkhoz (202 words)

	Galitzine - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Galitzine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1676 he was sent to the Ukraine to keep in order the Crimean Tatars and took part in the Chigirin campaign.
		Personal experience of the inconveniences and dangers of the prevailing system of preferment; the so-called mestnichestvo, or rank priority, which had paralysed the Russian armies for centuries, induced him to propose its abolition, which was accomplished by Tsar Theodore III in 1678.
		In home affairs his influence was insignificant, but his foreign policy was distinguished by the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689), which set the Russo-Chinese border along the Amur River, and by the peace with Poland (1683), whereby Russia at last recovered Kiev.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Galitzine.html (1421 words)

	1667. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gathering (or gatherings), considered by some historians to be an important zemskii sobor (Assembly of the Land), comprising representative boyars, clergy, merchants, and others.
		They addressed the issue of succession and abolished the Mestnichestvo, a system of assigning government appointments according to the appointee's standing in his family and that family's position in Russian society.
		Problems of succession among Alexis's three sons led to conflict and an army rebellion.
	www.bartleby.com /67/784.html (429 words)

	Organization of the Muscovite State
		This absorption was achieved by expanding the membership of the boyar council (duma) to include the newcomers.
		A system of precedence (mestnichestvo) based on both family status and service position kept the boyar class divided.
		In addition, from the late 15th century on, the grand duke created a class of military servitors (dvorianstvo) entirely subordinated to him by grants of land on a temporary basis, subject to performance of service.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/russian_history/40702 (573 words)

	Russia's Time of troubles
		Godunov was able to control the boyars and insist that they fulfilled service obligations, but the 200 or so families remained very powerful.
		The system not only meant that incompetents were placed in important jobs, it also caused endless quarrels amongst boyar families, all of whom wanted to interpret the complicated rules to their own advantage.
		The Tsars also tried to manipulate the rules to give themselves greater freedom; however, it was only in 1682 that the mestnichestvo system was finally abolished.
	faculty.history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-10.htm (2018 words)

	How to search in Russia. Philosophy and advices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of its peculiarities was mestnichestvo - a hierarchy in the Tsar's court.
		Appointments on more important or less important posts in the army and officialdom was dependent on the place of a place at Tsar's dinner table.
		Finally, mestnichestvo has lead to a great disorder and constant quarrelings, and in the year 1682 it was abolished.
	www.petergen.com /howe.htm (3967 words)

	Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		They were ranked in a definite genealogical order according to their relative seniority, and, in the course of filling the highest posts in his army and administration, the tsar had to consider not so much the candidate's personal merits as his genealogical seniority as defined by earlier precedents.
		Mestnichestvo, which hampered the selection of appropriate candidates for high offices, caused endless quarrels among the boyar families and was finally abolished in 1682.
		Throughout the 17th century, the social and political importance of the boyars declined.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/print_toc?tocId=9016057 (476 words)

	W4343: Imperial Russia
		Alexei Petrovich Romanov - Son of Peter the Great, removed from the succession in favor of Peter's second wife, Catherine, because Alexei "refused to serve the state." Later, Peter was behind Alexei's murder.
		mestnichestvo - "system of places" - by which appointment of court officials, ambassadors, and army officials depended upon inherited rank and status.
		Records of genealogical tables were burned in 1682, thus abolishing mestnichestvo.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/history/wortman/courseref.html (4409 words)

	Russia in the Age of Peter the Great
		On duty, be it military or civil, they bore their court ranks: boiarin, okol'nichii, stol'nik and so on; there was no differentiation by office.
		In 1672 commissions, appointments, and other placings, such as seating at important banquets, were still in theory governed by the code of precedence, or `place' system (mestnichestvo), which determined an individual's position in the hierarchy of command by calculations based on his own and his clan's service record and his seniority within his clan.
		Increasingly, mestnichestvo was suspended in order to allow the Crown a freer hand in appointing officers.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/h/hughes-peter.html (8543 words)

	Russian Lacquer Box - Feodor Alekseevich Romanov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Feodor lived only to see his 20th birthday, after a life of weak health and handicaps.
		Despite his poor health, the young tsar continued the gradual reforms of his father and his reign was not without accomplishments, his biggest being the abolition of "mestnichestvo" which occurred shortly before his death in 1682 and which came despite much resistance from the boyars (noblemen in Russia).
		Mestnichestvo was a system for appointing boyars' familys to high positions in government based on rank and not according to their real talents and abilities.
	www.lacquerbox.com /TSFA.HTM (348 words)

	IDC Publishers - Russian Genealogy
		The Velvet Book also provided the basis for the structure of power right up to the end of the 17th century.
		This covered the formation of the Boyar's Duma and the introduction of "mestnichestvo", a system of precedence where positions of representatives from the various families were defined in a hierarchy of power.
		The major highlight of the development of genealogy in Russian was the publication of the 4-volume reference work by Prince Petr Dolgorukov entitled Russian Genealogical Book (St Petersburg, 1854-1857).
	www.idc.nl /background363_1_26.html (1084 words)

	muscovy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		First the government attacked the most destructive feature of precedence ranking (mestnichestvo), the tendency of aristocratic commanders to refuse to do their duty for fear that carrying out their assignments would lower their future standing and that of their family.
		More generally, the decree stipulated that an officer's assignment could not be used as a precedent for future precedence disputes.
		The government made no attempt to attack the mestnichestvo system as such; on the contrary precedence relationships in the following century became increasingly complex and litigation more frequent.
	history.colstate.edu /Pate/muscovy.html (6655 words)

	[No title]
		Ministries and other agents took naturally to developing their own supply and procurement arrangements whilst tolkachi (grey-market appropriators) ensured the supplement of official supplies.
		Consequently, the economy of the USSR continued to labour under the restrictions of vedomstvennost (departmentalism) and mestnichestvo (localism).
		By the 1970s and 1980s and even under the ineffectual reforms of perestroika (reconstruction), output shortages were being further complicated by labour shortages caused by a combination of a low birth rate and low labour mobility and thus it became clear that their was a very real need to move from extensive to intensive growth.
	www.bits.bris.ac.uk /leon/IntEc_USSR.doc (2406 words)

	Golitsyn, Vasily Vasilyevich, Knyaz -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Extremely well educated and greatly influenced by western European culture, Golitsyn was awarded the rank of boyar (next in rank to the ruling princes) in 1676 by Tsar Alexis (ruled 1645–76) and was also given a military command in the Ukraine with broad political powers.
		Continuing his state service under Tsar Fyodor III (ruled 1676–82), Golitsyn worked on a commission established to reorganize the military service and on its behalf recommended that the system of mestnichestvo (hereditary precedence) be abolished.
		When Sophia Alekseyevna became regent for her brother Ivan V and her half brother, Peter I, in 1682, she made Golitsyn, who was also her lover, the head of the posolsky prikaz (foreign office); in 1684 she named him keeper of the great seal.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9037299 (779 words)

	SAC 1682-1796
		This mestnichestvo was related to, but not to be confused with, mestnichestvo in Kievan Rus' before the Mongol invasion.
		The old mestnichestvo system regulated relationships among several main fortress and trade cities of Kievan Rus' and their "contract" princes.
		As Moscow power and procedures evolved, the word had come to signify a hierarchy among noble votchinniki, especially the boyar elite, in which prestige and precedence at the court of the Moscow grand prince was measured and acknowledged.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~kimball/sac.1682.1796.htm (13384 words)

	SAC to 1682
		The old seniority system known as mestnichestvo [hierarchy of princely cities] was breaking down.
		Mestnichestvo established the rank of ruling princes and their city-states.
		--By the 15th century, as the authority of the Golden Horde declined in Russia, a new and very different notion of "mestnichestvo"* came into usage.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~kimball/sac.0000.1682.htm (12278 words)

	Russia, Putin Address at EU Summit - JRL 11-27-04
		Only if it were a big issue, a very big issue, did you feel entitled to bother the other two.
		I recall, for example, an incident in the pronunciation of an odd Russian word, mestnichestvo, where Reggie and Malia had differing stresses.
		Oddly, neither was willing to insist on his own.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/8471-17.cfm (4534 words)

	Istoriya Rusi
		Konchilis' mezhdousobicy knyazei - nachalis' mezhdousobicy (spory, mestnichestvo, zavist') boyar.
		Pri care Fedore Alekseeviche okonchilsya tak nazyvaemyi malorossiiskii vopros: Vostochnaya Malorossiya i Zaporozh'e ostalis' za Moskvoi, a zapadnaya otoshla k Turcii.
		Pri nem zhe bylo otmeneno mestnichestvo - obychai moskovskih boyar schitat'sya sluzhboyu predkov pri zanyatii mesta v voennoi i grazhdanskoi sluzhbe, v pridvornyh ceremoniyah i za carskim stolom.
	www.lants.tellur.ru:8106 /history/istrus.htm (8361 words)

	Race, Religion, Ethnicity and Economics in Central Asia
		No "Socialist Tajik nation" ever eventuated; moreover, tensions among the six historico-geographical regions of Tajikistan intensified as the grotesquely uneven development patterns endured.
		They could be checked temporarily by coercion (such as campaigns against mestnichestvo ["Localism"] under Stalin and Khrushchev) or by channelling more resources from the centre (as under Brezhnev), but they were always present.
		Interaction amongst regional elites has formed and forms the core of all symbolic processes (including political ideas, public ideologies and development strategies) and practical endeavours.
	src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp /sympo/97summer/jukes.html (9426 words)

	Gennadi Obatnin: Arkaismin diskurssi venäläisessä kulttuurissa
		Every family had its spiritual guide, 'dukhovnik', who received the confessions of the members of the family.
		Society's family structure, elevated into a state principle (so-called 'mestnichestvo' or an 'order of precedence'), was one of the main objects in the reprisals carried out by Peter, putting people "without family, without clan", into the state bodies - talented adventurers such as Menshikov and Gannibal, Pushkin's ancestor.
		Thus, the destruction of the image of the tsar and tsaritsa amongst the people was based on their being accused of debauchery: the tsarina with Rasputin and the tsar, for example, with frontline nurses
	www.helsinki.fi /hum/slav/studies/huttunen/mosaiikki/en/own-alien/go1_eng.htm (4199 words)

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