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Topic: Metaethics

	Ethics [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Metaethics investigates where our ethical principles come from, and what they mean.
		Metaethical answers to these questions focus on the issues of universal truths, the will of God, the role of reason in ethical judgments, and the meaning of ethical terms themselves.
		The lines of distinction between metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics are often blurry.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/e/ethics.htm (6475 words)

	Future Positive : Welcome
		In recent academic usage, metaethics is that division of ethics which deals with theories about ethics, as distinguished from normative and applied ethics which seek ethical standards and solutions in stated situations.
		However, these metaethical statements derive from our study of world systems, and are consistent with the natural order, as has been made evident in the work presented in Wholeness and Ethic.
		The metaethical system must be derived from the same principle that is to govern both the solving of ethical problems and the acts resulting from the decisions.
	futurepositive.synearth.net /2002/12/10 (3712 words)

	A METAETHICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPUTER ETHICS
		A METAETHICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPUTER ETHICS by Robert N. Barger, Ph.D. University of Notre Dame e-mail: rbarger@nd.edu Read at the Second Annual Computer Ethics Institute Conference The Brookings Institution Washington, DC April 30, 1993 Copyright (C) 1993 by Robert N. Barger Introduction: "Metaethics" is a term which is subject to misunderstanding.
		William Halverson (1981) regards metaethics as "The generic name for inquiries that have as their object the language of moral appraisal." This definition reflects the viewpoint of the philosophy known as Linguistic Analysis.
		I would define metaethics as the generic name for inquiries about the source of moral judgments (i.e., about their basis) and how such judgments are to be justified.
	www.nd.edu /~rbarger/metaethics.html (3185 words)

	ETHICS, JUSTICE, AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
		Metaethics concerns the nature of ethics, how ethical terms can be defined, what methods of justification are appropriate to ethics, and how we can know any of this.
		Metaethical theories were outlined in Section 4.2.2, and my own metaethics was presented in Section 4.2.4F.
		Many irenologists are metaethical relativists, as well as ethical utilitarians who believe that pleasure or happiness is the greatest good, and that this good should be maximized as a total quantity through governmental laws.
	www.hawaii.edu /powerkills/TJP.CHAP4.HTM (13383 words)

	Morals and Ethics
		Metaethics or Analytical Ethics: the discipline concerned with elucidating the meaning of ethical terms or the discipline concerned with the comparison of ethical theories.
		Metaethics asks, "What is _____?" e.g., goodness, excellence, right, amoral, and so on.
		We know what yellow is even though we do not know that it has a frequency, and even if we did know the frequency, it would not be an adequate definition.
	philosophy.lander.edu /ethics/types.html (844 words)

	METAETHICS
		Metaethics is analytical, critical thinking about the presuppositions of normative ethics.
		Metaethics asks questions like “What do normative theories
		Ethics in philosophy is mainly normative ethics or metaethics.
	instruct.westvalley.edu /lafave/intro_metaethics.html (380 words)

	The Leiter Reports: Editorials, News, Updates: Metaethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Anecdotal evidence, in the form of inquiries from students here and elsewhere, suggests that there is a real desire for a good introductory text on metaethics, on the whole range of issues about the semantics, metaphysics, and epistemology of value (esp. moral value).
		Miller, who has published widely in philosophy of language and mind, metaphysics, and metaethics, sent me the manuscript for the book some time ago, but I'm glad to see it is now out.
		Among the very attractive features are the scope of Miller's coverage (from Blackburn's quasi-realism, to the moral explanations literature, to sensibility theories, to the varieties of expressivism--no significant topic, in my view, is neglected), and its currency (literature and arguments from the early 2000s are discussed, and situated within the existing dialectics).
	webapp.utexas.edu /blogs/archives/bleiter/000573.html (258 words)

	PEA Soup: Metaethics
		There is an intuitionistic view in Metaethics that is often ridiculed (Mackie is a good laugh at this point, so is Blackburn).
		He argues that the most plausible attempt to analyze moral judgment along expressivist lines leads to a dilemma for expressivists: the analysis is either circular, or the expressivist has to give up non-cognitivism.
		Recent attempts to revive the Platonic thesis that moral knowledge is innate have attempted to piggy-back on the perceived success of the Chomskian arguments for the thesis that linguistic knowledge is innate.
	peasoup.typepad.com /peasoup/metaethics/index.html (5890 words)

	What is Moral Philosophy?
		Metaethics examines the nature of moral claims and arguments.
		While metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics are distinct subjects, these subjects are interdependent.
		Â Given this relationship between metaethics and normative ethics, it is common for metaethical questions to arise during a class discussion on normative ethics.
	www.santarosa.edu /~maparicio/philosophy/lessons/moral_philosophy.html (622 words)

	Ethics Readings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By using the conceptual tools of metaethics and normative ethics, discussions in applied ethics try to resolve these controversial issues.
		Moral realism is the view that moral principles have an objective foundation, and are not based on subjective human convention.
		A second area of metaethics involves the psychological basis of our moral actions, particularly, understanding what motivates humans to be moral.
	www.luc.edu /depts/philosophy/ethics/ethics_readings.html (5336 words)

	Social Dimensions and Dimensional Metaethics
		Dimensional metaethics is a procedure that sees "what is good" about a system as related to the value of a number of different social dimensions.
		Dimensional metaethics is neither the only nor the first approach at providing a metaethical position for the evaluations of systems.
		Dimensional metaethics position differs from this approach by not focusing on the embedded norms and instead considering the context in which the technology is used and factors, perhaps even very subtle, that might influence ethical judgments.
	alumni.media.mit.edu /~carsonr/phd_thesis/ch07s04.html (1230 words)

	Metaethics
		I hope that what’s here will be of some use, but please bear in mind that it’s a work in progress.
		Metaethics is the most abstract area of moral philosophy.
		Perhaps the biggest controversy in metaethics is that which divides moral realists and antirealists.
	www.moralphilosophy.info /metaethics.html (334 words)

	NoodleFood: Masterful Metaethics
		The bulk of this chapter represents a condensing and clarifying of the work Smith did in Viable Values, to set the context for the ensuing exploration of particular virtues.
		Far from waving her hands at what some have taken to be confusing and clumsy equivocation, I appreciated her explanation of how this clarifies what is at hand and strengthens her presentation.
		Smith's summary of Rand's metaethics is so well executed that I was regularly shaking my head and smiling at how effortless she was making it look.
	www.dianahsieh.com /blog/2006/04/masterful-metaethics.html (454 words)

	Religion & Morality in the Paradigm of Science: If Morals are "Just" Expressions of Attitude...
		Meta- is a prefix that is often used in philosophy to mean "one step up" or "the study of." Metaethics, then, is the study of what precisely is going on when we do normative ethics.
		However, this is a point to be settled by normative ethics, not metaethics.
		We have not escaped into pure metaethics, as we may have thought at first.
	www.sccs.swarthmore.edu /users/02/mlandre1/writing/w5.htm (1902 words)

	philosophy: ethics: metaethics
		Introduces Metaethical Functionalism and explores other implications of evolutionary theory for philosophy.
		On the metaethical role of psychological reactions, specifically emotions.
		The result of a process of reflection on an area of (moral) inquiry, a notion figuring prominently in Rawls' Theory of Justice; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by Norman Daniels.
	www.spiritandsky.com /philosophy/ethics/metaethics/index.html (80 words)

	Recent tendencies in metaethics – Tendenze recenti della metaetica
		An attention for questions of normativity and motivation may actually be seen as a new start in the work in metaethics after some time of neglected interest for this approach to moral philosophy.
		While doing this he suggests a connection between the two enterprises of metaethics and normative theory.
		The issue is intended to offer an account of some of the most discussed topics in metaethics, suggest further readings, and provoke new questions.
	www.units.it /~etica/2005_1/GUESTEDITOR.htm (438 words)

	metaethics - Ask.com Web Search
		consequently, the notion of metaethics involves a removed, or bird's eye view of the entire project of ethics.
		Metaethics (from ethics) Wilfrid Sellars and John Hospers (eds.), Readings in Ethical History, 2nd ed.
		Recent developments in metaethics (from ethics) -- ; Encyclopædia...
	search.ask.com /web?q=metaethics (246 words)

	Mark van Roojen's Philosophy Page
		I mainly teach and publish in the areas of ethics, metaethics and political philosophy.
		Most of my publications have been on metaethics, a reasonably abstract subfield of ethics having to do with issues surrounding the nature of moral judgements and properties.
		Unless you're up on metaethics yourself, this probably doesn't mean much to you.
	www.geocities.com /mvr1.geo/Philosophy.html (519 words)

	From Metaethics to Action Theory
		For I contend that Scotus's views in moral psychology are best understood against the background of a long tradition of metaethical reflection on the relationship between being and goodness.
		Thus, in the second section I examine his account of the goodness of moral acts, in the third his understanding of the passive dispositions of both sensitive appetite and will, and in the fourth his account of the active power of will.
		Second, Scotus's account differentiates sharply between moral goodness and the goodness that is coextensive with being, thereby in effect cutting normative ethics loose from the metaethics on which many previous thinkers had founded it.
	www.nd.edu /~wwillia5/scotcom.htm (7613 words)

	Tiller on Metaethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For even if we grant that Santayana would not put much stock in contemporary metaethics with its linguistic bias, the argument against non-cognitivism does raise certain questions about Santayana's reasons for accepting non-cognitivism; questions which can be framed and discussed within the context of his own system.
		For example, one way to account for the propositional surface of moral discourse, but still preserve the naturalism associated with non-cognitivism, is to hold that moral judgments are actually truth-functional but false.
		The true subject of morality for Santayana, as he has stated, is the "actual allegiance in sentiment and action to this or that ideal of life" (rb 473).
	www.math.uwaterloo.ca /~kerrlaws/Santayana/Bulletin/s6_98.htm (1736 words)

	On the Relevance of Metaethics
		In this collection of original essays on metaethics, the nature of morality and the structure of moral reasoning are characterized, the limits of justification in ethics examined and the underlying rationale of moral philosophy probed.
		Around mid-century metaethics held centre stage in discussions of moral philosophy in Anglo-American and Scandinavian philosophical environments.
		During the 1970s, its "foundational" position was challenged by developments within analytic philosophy itself, by a renewal of systematic substantive ethics largely, but not exclusively, of a Rawlsian inspiration and by a reinvigorated interest in substantive moral problems on the part of philosophers.
	www.ucalgary.ca /ucpress/0-919491/0-919491-21-9.html (205 words)

	A Darwinian Approach to Metaethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		After all, God-dependent metaethics doesn't somehow become true by default. However, much more can be said for a reason-based, non-theistic approach than that it is no worse than theistic-based approaches.
		Now, keep in mind that I have not yet attempted to explain what I mean by the word “morality.” Up to this point I have only been trying to lay the framework in which it will be defined.
		Of course, it still remains to address the question of why one should consider any particular behavior (even if it does promote the well-being of humanity) as one a human ought to pursue, rather than just a description of a possible human behavior is along with its likely effects.
	www.freethoughtdebater.com /FEvolutionaryEthics.htm (1122 words)

	Detail: Metaethics vs. Normative Ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Instead of laying down rules about what is good or valuable -- the job of normative ethicists -- we ask, "what is 'good'?" and "what is 'value'?" We have to be careful not to use judgmental terms in metaethics, because they are inherently part of normative ethics, and we would risk introducing circularity (bad!
		All we're allowed to use in our discussion of metaethics are descriptive and logical terms.
		Now, here's a crucial point for my philosophy: I claim that comparative terms (e.g., "X is 'greater than' Y") are allowable in metaethics, being simple, logical comparisons of things we observe and describe.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/kvc/ethx.htm (263 words)

	Philosophical Ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Moral philosophy is standardly divided into metaethics and normative ethics.
		Normative ethics concerns itself with the substantive ethical questions we all face, such as "What has value?" and "What are our moral obligations?" Metaethics, on the other hand, asks philosophical questions about ethics, rather than ethical questions per se.
		I use the term 'philosophical ethics' to refer to the project of integrating metaethics and normative ethics in a systematic way, trying to gain insight into what is valuable and obligatory (normatively) by understanding what value and obligation are (metaethically).
	www-personal.umich.edu /~sdarwall/Phil361.html (169 words)

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