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Topic: Metabotropic receptor

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Acetylcholine receptor

Glutamate

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	Metabotropic receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In contrast to the latter, metabotropic receptors do not form an ion channel pore; rather, they are indirectly linked with ion-channels on the plasma membrane of the cell through signal transduction mechanisms.
		Metabotropic receptors have neurotransmitters as ligands, which, when bound to the receptors, initiate cascades that can lead to channel-opening or other cellular effects.
		Since opening channels by metabotropic receptors involves activating a number of molecules in turn, channels associated with these receptors take longer to open than ionotropic receptors do, and they are thus not involved in mechanisms that require quick responses (Kandel et al., 2000, p.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Metabotropic_receptor (463 words)

	Bicyclic metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands - Patent 6376532
		The EAA receptors are of great physiological importance playing a role in a variety of physiological processes, such as long-term potentiation (learning and memory), the development of synaptic plasticity, motor control, respiration, cardiovascular regulation, emotional states and sensory perception.
		Receptors that are directly coupled to the opening of cation channels in the cell membranes of the neuron are termed "ionotropic".
		Glutamate receptors play a role in numerous neurological, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and psychological disorders, and a variety of mammalian disease states are associated with "abnormal activity" of these receptors.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6376532.html (6938 words)

	Metabotropic glutamate receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Metabotropic glutamate receptors, or mGluRs, are a type of glutamate receptor which are active through an indirect metabotropic process.
		Unlike ionotropic receptors, metabotropic receptors are not directly linked to ion channels, but may affect them by activating biochemical cascades.
		Stimulating the receptors causes an associated phospholipase C molecule to hydrolyze phosphoinositide phospholipids in the cell's plasma membrane (Chu and Hablitz, 2000; Endoh, 2004; Bonsi et al.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor (765 words)

	Lecture 5: Neurotransmitter Receptors - Structure and Function
		The metabotropic receptor binds the transmitter and undergoes a shape change, but it then binds to a G-protein which has secondary actions internal to the neuron which result in longer lasting permeability or IMpermeability of a specific ion channel.
		The receptor is coupled through a specific G-protein to different effectors, resulting in increased synthesis of second messengers and activation of protein kinases which mediate the further action of opening or closing the ion channels.
		Metabotropic receptors and their actions through G-proteins also allows for greater complexity with regard to convergence and divergence of signalling.
	www.life.umd.edu /classroom/zool402/lecture5.html (981 words)

	In Vitro Binding Characteristics of a New Selective Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Radioligand, [3H]LY354740, ...
		thalamic nuclei, and cerebellar Golgi neurons, mGlu3 receptors
		metabotropic glutamate receptors in the neonatal rat spinal cord.
		glutamate receptor mRNA expression in the basal ganglia of the
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/2/228 (3729 words)

	Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4 Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Significance -- Chang et al. 11 ...
		Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4 Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Significance
		The expression of NMDA receptor 1 is associated with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis in the oral squamous cell carcinoma.
		Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in astrocytes depends on transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor.
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/9/3288 (3041 words)

	Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Is a Disulfide-linked Dimer -- Romano et al. 271 (45): 28612 -- Journal of Biological ...
		Similarly, the electrophoretic mobility of the neuromedin B receptor is unaffected by DTT (26).
		A cholecystokinin receptor and an opioid receptor apparently increase in molecular mass when treated with DTT (27, 28), suggesting that disulfide bonds are maintaining compact conformations of these polypeptides.
		Receptors with intracellular tyrosine kinase domains dimerize on ligand binding, and this is critical for signal transduction (32, 33, 34).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/271/45/28612 (5790 words)

	Cardiovascular response to group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation in NTS -- Foley et al. 276 (5): 1469 -- ...
		The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) is concentrated at perisynaptic membrane of neuronal subpopulations as detected by immunogold reaction.
		Metabotropic glutamate receptors mediate excitatory transmission in the nucleus of the solitary tract.
		Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors produces reciprocal regulation of ionotropic glutamate and GABA responses in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius of the rat.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/5/R1469 (5562 words)

	Differential Effects of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonists on Bursting Activity in the Amygdala -- Keele et ...
		Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist-evoked epileptiform bursting in kindled basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons.
		Merlin, L. Taylor, G. and Wong, R.K.S. Role of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the patterning of epileptiform activities in vitro.
		Zheng, F., and Gallagher, J.)-1-Aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid-induced burst firing is mediated by a native pertussis toxin-sensitive metabotropic receptor at rat dorsolateral septal nucleus neurons.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/5/2056 (6355 words)

	Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonists Block Secondary Thermal Hyperalgesia in Rats with Knee Joint ...
		Bond A and Lodge D (1995) Pharmacology of metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated enhancement of responses to excitatory and inhibitory amino acids on rat spinal neurons in vivo.
		Salt TE and Turner JP (1998) Reduction of sensory and metabotropic glutamate receptor responses in the thalamus by the novel metabotropic glutamate receptor-1-selective antagonist S-2-methyl-4-carboxy-phenylglycine.
		Zhang LP, Chen Y, Clark BP, Sher E and Westlund KN (2000) The role of type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors in the generation of dorsal root reflexes induced by acute arthritis or the spinal infusion of 4-aminopyridine in the anesthetized rat.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/300/1/149 (5811 words)

	InterPro: IPR001256 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The metabotropic glutamate receptors are functionally and pharmacologically distinct from the ionotropic glutamate receptors.
		The amino acid sequences of the receptors contain high proportions of hydrophobic residues grouped into 7 domains, in a manner reminiscent of the rhodopsins and other receptors believed to interact with G-proteins.
		The IUPHAR Receptor Database, the International Union of Pharmacology database of GPCR receptors.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001256 (3236 words)

	Developmental regulation of the hypothalamic metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1.
		The expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 was studied with Northern and Western blot analysis, with immunocytochemistry, and with Ca2+ digital imaging in the developing rat hypothalamus.
		A greater number of embryonic neurons responded to NMDA than to agonists of the metabotropic receptor.
		Together these data suggest a complex regulation of mGluR1 during development, with sufficient expression of functional receptors in the developing hypothalamus to modulate morphogenesis and synaptogenesis, and later to play a role in transduction of glutamate signals in the adult.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_8207490.html (405 words)

	The Disposition, Metabolism, and Pharmacokinetics of a Selective Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonist in Rats and ...
		response of spinal neurons to ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists
		), metabolism, or disposition of a metabotropic receptor agonist.
		Pin JP and Duvoisin R (1995) The metabotropic glutamate receptors: structure and functions.
	dmd.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/1/27 (4706 words)

	Cloning and Expression of Rat Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 8 Reveals a Distinct Pharmacological Profile -- Saugstad ...
		glutamate at ionotropic and metabotropic receptors is presumably
		Pharmacology of metabotropic glutamate receptors at the mossy fiber synapses of the guinea pig hippocampus.
		Expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors in nodose ganglia and the nucleus of the solitary tract
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/51/1/119 (4184 words)

	Receptor and Transduction Processes for Umami Taste -- Brand 130 (4): 942 -- Journal of Nutrition
		receptor for glutamate in the mouse may be of the stimulus-gated
		The second hypothesis states that the umami receptor is a metabotropic glutamate
		This influx initiates a depolarization that is sufficient to activate voltage-sensitive dyes in the basolateral region of the taste cell, sustaining and increasing a depolarization.
	jn.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/130/4/942S (2521 words)

	The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK4 mediates homologous desensitization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 -- ...
		The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK4 mediates homologous desensitization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 -- SALLESE et al.
		The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK4 mediates homologous desensitization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1
		receptor antibodies to confirm that a similar amount of receptor in each condition was immunoprecipitated (upper panel).
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/14/15/2569 (6145 words)

	Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutical Implications of Intramembrane Receptor/Receptor Interactions among Heptahelical ...
		Heteromerization of {delta} and {kappa} Opioid Receptors and of µ and {delta} Opioid Receptors.
		Interactions between Adenosine, Dopamine, and Glutamate Metabotropic Receptors in the GABAergic Striatoentopeduncular and Striatonigral Neurons.
		5-HT receptor and 5-HT receptor homomers and 5-HT receptor heteromers.
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/55/3/509 (4996 words)

	A Novel Selective Allosteric Modulator Potentiates the Activity of Native Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 in ...
		Hall DA (2000) Modeling the functional effects of allosteric modulators at pharmacological receptors: an extension of the two-state model of receptor activation [published erratum appears in Mol Pharmacol, 2000; 59:161].
		Marino MJ, Wittmann M, Bradley SR, Hubert GW, Smith Y, and Conn PJ (2001) Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors produces a direct excitation and disinhibition of GABAergic projection neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata.
		Salt TE and Binns KE (2000) Contributions of mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptors to interactions with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated responses and nociceptive sensory responses of rat thalamic neurons.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/309/2/568 (5688 words)

	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O00222 [MGR8_HUMAN] Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8
		Stormann T.M. Simin R.T. Hammerland L.G. Fuller F.H. "Homo sapiens metabotropic glutamate receptor.";
		The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.
		Molecular function: metabotropic glutamate, GABA-B-like receptor activity (traceable author statement from ProtInc).
	www.expasy.org /uniprot/O00222 (439 words)

	TechRef-227 - GROUP I METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR INHIBITION SELECTIVELY BLOCKS A PROLONGED CA2+ ELEVATION ...
		Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor inhibition selectively blocks a prolonged Ca2+ elevation associated with age-dependent excitotoxicity.
		However, little is known about the processes that selectively regulate the post-insult Ca(2+) elevation and therefore, it remains unclear whether it is associated specifically with age-dependent toxicity.Here, we tested the hypothesis that a group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist selectively modulates the prolonged Ca(2+) elevation in direct association with its protective effects against excitotoxicity.
		Moreover, AIDA was neuroprotective in older but not younger cultures.From these results we suggest that the post-insult Ca(2+) elevation is regulated differently from the Ca(2+) elevation during glutamate insult and is modulated by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors.
	www.glass-bottom-dishes.com /technical/technical-227.html (349 words)

	Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 4 Is Involved in Autoinhibitory Cascade for Glucagon Secretion by {alpha}-Cells of ...
		Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 4 Is Involved in Autoinhibitory Cascade for Glucagon Secretion by {alpha}-Cells of Islet of Langerhans -- Uehara et al.
		Molnar E, Varadi A, McIIhinney RAJ, Ashcroft SJH: Identification of functional ionotropic glutamate receptor proteins in pancreatic ß-cells and in islets of Langerhans.
		Brice NJ, Varadi A, Ashcroft SJH, Molnar E: Metabotropic glutamate and GABAB receptors contribute to the modulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells.
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/4/998 (4024 words)

	Differential Presynaptic Localization of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtypes in the Rat Hippocampus -- Shigemoto ...
		Differential Presynaptic Localization of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtypes in the Rat Hippocampus -- Shigemoto et al.
		Asymmetrical Allocation of NMDA Receptor {epsilon}2 Subunits in Hippocampal Circuitry
		Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (mGluR)-Dependent Long-Term Depression Mediated via p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Inhibited by Previous High-Frequency Stimulation and Activation of mGluRs and Protein Kinase C in the Rat Dentate Gyrus In Vitro
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/17/19/7503 (2543 words)

	Glutamate-binding affinity of Drosophila metabotropic glutamate receptor is modulated by association with lipid rafts ...
		Glutamate-binding affinity of Drosophila metabotropic glutamate receptor is modulated by association with lipid rafts -- Eroglu et al., 10.1073/pnas.1737042100 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		Glutamate-binding affinity of Drosophila metabotropic glutamate receptor is modulated by association with lipid rafts
		receptors (mGluRs) are responsible for the effects of glutamate
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/1737042100v1 (446 words)

	Protein phosphatase 2C binds selectively to and dephosphorylates metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 -- Flajolet et al. ...
		Protein phosphatase 2C binds selectively to and dephosphorylates metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 -- Flajolet et al.
		I or III mGluR receptors were able to bind PP2C.
		attenuate its function as a presynaptic receptor (20, 31).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/26/16006 (3988 words)

	Glutamate Induces Apoptosis in Anterior Pituitary Cells through Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation -- ...
		NMDA receptor subunit 1 was found in all the cell types of the
		Petrusz P 1994 The glutamate subunit GluR1 is expressed in gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary and is regulated by gonadal feedback.
		Hinoi E, Yoneda Y 2001 Expression of GluR6/7 subunits of kainate receptors in rat adenohypophysis.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/145/10/4677 (4630 words)

	The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK4 mediates homologous desensitization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 -- ...
		Role of G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 4 and beta -Arrestin 1 in Agonist-stimulated Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 Internalization and Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases
		Distinct Functional Roles of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors 1 and 5 in the Rat Globus Pallidus
		Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 Internalization Induced by Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activation: Differential Dependency of Internalization of Splice Variants on Nonvisual Arrestins
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/abstract/14/15/2569 (994 words)

	Molecular characterization of a new metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7 coupled to inhibitory cyclic AMP signal ...
		Molecular characterization of a new metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7 coupled to inhibitory cyclic AMP signal transduction -- Okamoto et al.
		Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors control corticothalamic synaptic transmission in the rat thalamus in vitro
		Evidence for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation in the Induction of Depolarization-Induced Suppression of Inhibition in Hippocampal CA1
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/269/2/1231 (2100 words)

	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q14831 [MGR7_HUMAN] Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7
		Makoff A. Pilling C. Harrington K. Emson P. "Human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 7: molecular cloning and mRNA distribution in the CNS.";
		Flor P.J. Van Der Putten H. Ruegg D. Lukic S. Leonhardt T. Bence M. Sansig G. Knoepfel T. Kuhn R. "A novel splice variant of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, human mGluR7b.";
		Schulz H.L. Stoehr H. Weber B.H.F. "Characterization of three novel isoforms of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (GRM7).";
	www.expasy.org /uniprot/Q14831 (549 words)

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