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Topic: Metaphony

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	Metaphony - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In historical linguistics, metaphony is a general term for a class of sound shift in which one vowel in a word is influenced by another in a process of assimilation.
		We can distinguish progressive metaphony, in which a vowel early in the word influences a subsequent vowel, from regressive metaphony, in which a vowel towards the end of the word influences a preceding vowel.
		Progressive metaphony is also called vowel harmony, and is discussed fully in the article under that heading.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Metaphony (178 words)

	Umlaut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Affection (linguistics) - an example of this in another language family is the parallel phenomenon in Celtic languages, usually referred to as "affection".
		Vowel harmony and metaphony - more broadly still, some writers use the word umlaut to refer to any example of metaphony, or "regressive vowel harmony".
		A-mutation - an example of this is a-mutation, the velarisation of vowels caused by an original back vowel in a following syllable, which is occasionally referred to as a-umlaut.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Umlaut (335 words)

	VIEW ROA 771
		This paper centers on the problem of transparency in Romance metaphony patterns, wherein a post-tonic high vowel triggers height assimilation in a stressed vowel.
		First, it is argued that metaphony is driven by a licensing constraint which requires that marked structure be associated with a strong position.
		In metaphony, the high, unstressed vowel is marked by virtue of its perceptual difficulty.
	roa.rutgers.edu /view.php3?roa=771 (203 words)

	a137
		Sanchez Miret 1996 for a comprehensive discussion of the phonetic determinants of metaphony in southern Italian dialects and in general).
		This diphthong is the input to the change described above for Altamurano, whereas the output of the Sangiovannese diphthongization merges with preexisting diphthongs arisen via metaphony.
		The theoretical point of this paper consists in the attempt to show that hearer-driven changes such as the ones discussed may result in quite opposite effects (specifically, in strengthening as well as in weakening processes), owing to the interaction with structural patterns already established in the language-specific system.
	elex.amu.edu.pl /ifa/sle/a137.htm (437 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		We started by writing a number of two-level rules describing the four types of regular sound alternations in the morphological data.
		The problem with these rules is that they allow ungrammatical forms like heiðinum or gamala where surface i and a must be dropped in front of the nasal consonant.
		For the adjective gamal, lexical a corresponds to surface zero only and always if it is followed by surface l, a morpheme boundary and a vowel of the subset V (a, u or i).
	www.id.cbs.dk /~jh/gslt/nlp/report.htm (821 words)

	UniFi - Dipartimento di Linguistica
		This study regards the metaphony in the north-west Gargano Promontory dialects.
		In both cases it could be a matter of an analogical structural change on the Latin type of the 3rd declension -EM/-ES (therefore: no-metaphony in the singular vs metaphony in the plural).
		In the verbal forms instead, we have, probably, analogical extension of the metaphony of the mid-high vowels.
	www.unifi.it /linguistica/abstract_QDLF9.htm (1622 words)

	[No title]
		From these data a model is elaborated to explain the diachronic development of vowel affection, by means of comparison with Quenya and internal reconstruction, as well as examination of Tolkien\rquote s own indications.
		The model includes five stages : lowering of high vowels by A-metaphony, conditioned lowering of U to O, raising of mid vowels by I-metaphony, fronting of back vowels by a later I-metaphony, and finally breaking caused by palatalised consonants.
		In each case a bri e f phonetic explanation is given with a list of relevant examples; difficult cases and limits of the model are also discussed.
	sindarin.weet.us /affection.rtf (2527 words)

	TWPL Volumes 14.1 - 14.2
		On this view, acquisition proceeds by means of an ordered path, in which the cues to parameters become progressively more abstract and grammar-internal the farther along the path one goes.
		I re-examine the distribution of the feature [high] in Pasiego, a Spanish dialect spoken in N.W. Spain, arguing that the distribution of [high] is predictable from two factors: 1) the syntagmatic process of metaphony, or high harmony; and 2) the vowel inventory present in paradigmatic positions (i.e.
		I show that in the latter case, the distribution of [high] is predictable from an optional rule of enhancement that inserts the feature [high] where this feature is non-contrastive.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~twpl/volume14.htm (1923 words)

	General Overview of the Venetan Language
		Central Venetan (Padua, Vicenza, the area of the mouth of the Po), which are characterised by the survival of the once widespread interdental phones, which can still be heard in rural areas.
		Northern Venetan (Treviso, Feltre, Belluno): it's the boundary with the Ladin and Friulan areas, and its lexicon is strongly characterized as “alpine”, contrasting with coastal Venetian While Treviso shows the influence of Venice, in rural areas interdental phones can still be heard; metaphony isn't as common as in the central variety.
		Western Venetan (Verona): historically this area does not belong to the Venet area and that accounts for the quantity of differences between this province and the rest of Veneto.
	www.orbilat.com /Languages/Venetan/Venetan.html (1605 words)

	THE GREEN CIRCLE
		Twenty eight years is a good chunk of one’s life and to be able to celebrate a twenty eighth anniversary is an important event for anybody, be it a person, a group, or an institution.
		The purpose was to provide practical information on applied metaphony and experimenting receiving messages through recordings on tape.
		In January 2003 a meeting with Marcello Bacci, an expert in Metaphony, is arranged in order to experiment his technique for the reception of messages.
	www.cerchioverde.net /the_green_circle.htm (1092 words)

	Noldorin Plurals in the Etymologies
		I believe however that they also deserve a study in their own right so as to appreciate more fully how similar and how different Noldorin and Sindarin are, especially regarding the workings of metaphonies, whose traces are used as a plural indicator in both languages.
		These go back to metaphonies in the development of the language: an old plural suffix in ‑i, well attested in Old Noldorin, caused vowel alternations between the singular and the plural of nouns and adjectives, alternations that became plural indicators themselves when the ending disappeared as final vowels were dropped.
		These are by far the most numerous, and there is evidence that they are productive in the language and tend to replace other patterns: several forms are said to be analogical.
	www.elvish.org /Tengwestie/articles/Bellet/noldplur.phtml (3055 words)

	Interactive Morphonology : Metaphony in Italy by Martin Maiden - 0415026393
		The existence of morphonology has been the subject of intense debate in twentieth-century linguistic theory.
		Attempts to identify putatively morphonological phenomena have often floundered on the widespread assumption of a rigid dichotomy between synchronic morphological structures and the phonetic processes which historically shaped them.
		With the difficulties of establishing any role for morphonology clearly identified, Martin Maiden introduces the first detailed comparative and historical survey of the morphologization of metaphony in Italian dialect.
	www.allbookstores.com /book/0415026393 (187 words)

	Documenting the Northern Sámi twol rules file (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		For each dummy symbol X1 etc. there is first a list over the rules where the dummy applies, and then a partial list of the lexicons where there is reference to the dummy in question (the lexica are in the file sme-lex.txt, sublexicon paths are indicated by the '->' symbol.
		Forms of a-Stems" "Illative Singular Metaphony" "Metaphony in Actor Nouns of i-, a-, and u-Verbs" X4 WG "Stem Vowel in Present Participials from i-Verbs" "Word Final Deletion of n2 m2 g2 h2" LEXICON VIVVA !Animate Bisyll.
		"Metaphony in Actor Nouns of i-, a-, and u-Verbs"
	129.242.176.166 /~sd/doc/lang/sme/docu-sme-twol.html (870 words)

	Glot International, Conferences
		She proposed that metaphony is motivated in both cases by the perceptual weakness of the trigger, due to the prosodic weakness of unstressed positions and the inherent weakness of high (i.e.
		She analysed both types as governed by licensing constraints: '[+high] is licensed by association to a stressed syllable' in the case of stress-targeted metaphony, and '[+high] associated with a post-tonic vowel must spread to all vowels in the word' in full-spreading harmony.
		Moira Yip (UCL: "Phonological markedness and allomorph selection in Zahao") introduced the alternations in tone and glottal articulation in the two variants (primary and secondary) of verb stems in Zahao, a Chin language.
	www.linguistlistplus.com /glot/conferences6.asp (11138 words)

	José Ignacio Hualde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		He is author of several books including Basque Phonology, Routledge, 1991, The Basque Dialect of Lekeitio, 1994, University of the Basque Country (co-authored) and Euskararen azentuerak [The Accentual System of the Basque Language], 1997, University of the Basque Country Press.
		He has edited Metaphony and Vowel Harmony in Romance and Beyond (special issue of Rivista di Linguistica, 1998) and co-edited Generative Studies in Basque Linguistics, 1993, Benjamins, and Towards a History of the Basque Language, 1995, Benjamins.
		He has contributed numerous chapters to edited volumes on Romance, Spanish, and Basque linguistics and has published articles in such leading journals as Linguistic Inquiry, Lingua, Linguistics, Probus, Cognitive Linguistics, Hispania and Diachronica, among others.
	www.sip.uiuc.edu /conf2001/hualde.htm (153 words)

	Rivista di Linguistica anno 1998
		Number 10,1 - Metaphony and vowel harmony in Romance and beyond (a cura di I.Hualde)
		The Eastern Andalusian vowel system: Form and structure
		Morpholexical all the way down from OHG through NHG (Two Sttzpunkte for Romance metaphony)
	alphalinguistica.sns.it /RdL/1998.html (37 words)

	ItalianAmericans Discussion Forum / Italian Language Teacher (for Noni77777) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Central Venet (Padua, Vicenza, the area of the mouth of the Po), which are characterised by the survival of the once widespread interdental phones, which can still be heard in rural areas.
		Northern Venet (Treviso, Feltre, Belluno): it's the boundary with the Ladin and Friulan areas, and its lexicon is strongly characterized as “alpine”, contrasting with coastal Venetian; while Treviso shows the influence of Venice, in rural areas interdental phones can still be heard; metaphony isn't as common as in the central variety;
		Western Venet (Verona): historically this area does not belong to the Venet area and that accounts for the quantity of differences between this province and the rest of Veneto;
	www.italianamericans.com /forum/viewtopic.php?pid=1677 (2306 words)

	Amazon.ca: Interactive Morphonology: Metaphony in Italy: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
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	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0415026393 (131 words)

	Conference Programme
		Rule-based categorial analysis of unprompted speech – a cross-language study
		A constraint-based approach to vocalic harmony and nominal metaphony in Brasilian Portuguese
		Prosody and language loss: a case study on prosodic difficulties in fluent aphasia
	www.fl.ul.pt /eventos/PAPI/programme.htm (217 words)

	Interactive Morphonology; Maiden, Martin (University of Cambridge); Hardback; World Retail Store - English Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Click on author name above for full title listing
		A linguistic study which provides a comparative and historical survey of the morphonologization of metaphony in Italian dialects.
		The text attempts to integrate linguistic theory with the analysis of philological data, and indicates future directions for
	www.worldretailstore.com /item/BE-0415026393.html (229 words)

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