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Topic: Metapopulation

In the News (Tue 29 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER MODEL
		These are characteristics of a regional metapopulation, and regional metapopulation dynamics might allow for the persistence of the species despite the highly fragmented distribution of pine-wiregrass habitat.
		However, because of the relatively recent history of habitat fragmentation and insularization, assumption of a regional metapopulation is unwarranted.
		Metapopulation persistence of an endangered butterfly in a fragmented landscape.
	www.esd.ornl.gov /programs/SERDP/EcoModels/rcw.html (505 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		The term metapopulation was coined by Richard Levins in 1969 to describe a model of population dynamics of insect pests in agricultural fields, but the idea has been most broadly applied to species in naturally or artificially fragmented habitats.
		Metapopulations are particularly useful when discussing species in disturbed habitats, and the viability of their populations, i.e., how likely they are to become extinct in a given time interval.
		For conservation biology purposes, metapopulation models must include (a) the finite nature of metapopulations (how many patches are suitable for habitat), and (b) the probabalistic nature of extinction and colonisation.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Metapopulation (557 words)

	Metapopulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A metapopulation consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level.
		One major drawback of the Levins model is that it is deterministic, whereas the fundamental metapopulation processes are stochastic.
		For conservation biology purposes, metapopulation models must include (a) the finite nature of metapopulations (how many patches are suitable for habitat), and (b) the probabalistic nature of extinction and colonisation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Metapopulation (570 words)

	Metapopulations and Patch Dynamics: animal dispersal in heterogeneous landscapes
		Metapopulation theory is particularly useful to wildlife biologists because most wildlife habitats are fragmented or maintain some degree of patchiness, and the idea of population persistence being achieved even as local populations undergo extinction is appealing under such circumstances (Wiens 1996).
		The relative probability of extinction and recolonization is a central tenet of metapopulation theory (Hanski and Simberloff 1997), and dictates the viability of the metapopulation.
		Metapopulation theory, with its focus on landscape characteristics and population persistence, is directly applicable to the conservation of populations existing in patchy distributions.
	crssa.rutgers.edu /courses/lse/Web_Patch/final/Tanya/Rohrbach_Final.htm (2797 words)

	Metapopulation biology on the WWW
		A metapopulation is, literally, a "population of populations".
		Typically, metapopulations (at least in the "traditional" sense of the word) are found in patchy landscapes, where a species inhabits small, relatively isolated "islands" in a "sea" of uninhabitable area.
		In metapopulation biology, this is often much simplified: it is assumed that the patches all are alike, at least in quality (if not in size), the matrix is viewed as homogenous, and the probability that an individual can move from one patch to atother depends only on the distance between the patches.
	folk.uio.no /hjermann/metapop/intro.html (694 words)

	metapopulation ecology
		Metapopulation ecology is the dominant theoretical framework that has been developed to deal with populations such as this.
		Metapopulation ecology has great potential as a framework for understanding the dynamics of fragmented populations in heterogeneous landscapes, and how these populations might respond to future perturbations such as climate change.
		We were able to show analytically that directed dispersal could affect the response of metapopulations to changes in habitat cover and disturbance, and assessed the potential importance of this for the application of simple metapopulation models to the conservation of focal species.
	www.eeb.princeton.edu /~dpurves/metapop_ecol.htm (1004 words)

	Bio 310 Term Paper
		Island biogeography theory is based on a situation in which a mainland source population not threatened with extinction exists; metapopulation dynamics deal with situations in which the source population has been reduced to a set of small semi-isolated populations.
		The key distinction between the application of island biogeography theory and metapopulation dynamics is the distinction between discrete land patches - islands - and discrete populations on a landscape.
		Returning to Jared Diamond's original recommendations for reserve design, one again finds suggestions which relate directly to metapopulation structure: in cases where one large undisturbed area is not possible, he advocates establishing a series of reserves which are spatially arranged in a manner which maximizes the potential for dispersal between patches.
	www.unm.edu /~aschultz/bio310.htm (2236 words)

	441Metapopulations.htm
		In this course, we're going to focus on metapopulations; relates more clearly to work on populations and is less computer intensive, complex, and seems to apply to a number of animal species.
		Metapopulations may reach, or approach, an equilibrium number that is a balance between local extinction and recolonization.
		An exception to this is a so-called "non-equilibrium metapopulation" in which there is no ability for individuals to disperse to new patches, so no potential for colonization; such populations are expected eventually to die out.
	www.utm.edu /departments/cens/biology/rirwin/441_442/441Metapopulations.htm (2045 words)

	Daniel K. Rosenberg
		The goal of the course is to introduce the concept of metapopulations, methods for estimating their dynamics, and conservation applications.
		Metapopulation theory has increasingly been applied to understanding population dynamics, particularly for endangered, harvested, and insect "pest" species, and has been applied to conservation planning for a wide range of taxa and ecosystems.
		Metapopulation models: the rescue effect, the propagule rain, and the core-satellite hypotheses.
	oregonstate.edu /~rosenbed/FW599.html (809 words)

	Blackwell Online - Metapopulation Ecology
		Metapopulation is the ecological term for assemblages of plant and animal species within larger areas of space, with long-term survival of the species depending on a shifting balance between local extinctions and recolonizations in the patchwork of fragmented landscape.
		Metapopulation theory is of particular importance to conservation biologists attempting to understand the processes of regional extinction - and survival - of species.
		Metapopulation Ecology presents a comprehensive synthesis of current research in this rapidly expanding area of population biology from an author who is famous for his work on metapopulations.
	bookshop.blackwell.co.uk /bobuk/scripts/home.jsp?action=search&type=isbn&term=0198540655&source=3246541172 (403 words)

	Linking GIS with Models of Ecological Risk Assessment for Endangered Species
		In this component, metapopulation models built in RAMAS are used to simulate the dynamics and to predict the future of the metapopulation.
		According to sensitivity analyses, the viability of the metapopulation was most sensitive to the set of vital rates used (the dependence of fecundities and survival rates on habitat), and also sensitive to the degree of spatial correlation among vital rates of the populations, and to the carrying capacities of the populations.
		The model was used to investigate the effect of population subdivision on the persistence of a land snail metapopulation and to analyze the interaction between spatial factors, population subdivision, and catastrophes (Akcakaya and Baur, in press).
	www.ncgia.ucsb.edu /conf/SANTA_FE_CD-ROM/sf_papers/akcakaya_resit/akcakaya.html (3659 words)

	Metapopulation dynamics: effects of habitat quality and landscape architecture Ecology - Find Articles
		This assumption leads to a focus on extinction-colonization dynamics, in other words, the metapopulation is assumed to persist in a stochastic equilibrium between local extinctions and colonizations of currently empty but suitable habitat patches.
		In contrast to another commonly studied metapopulation scenario, the mainland-island metapopulation structure (MacArthur and Wilson 1967, Harrison 1991, 1994), the structure assumed here has no single-habitat patch large enough to guarantee the long-term survival of the respective local population and thereby the metapopulation as a whole.
		In the presence of environmental stochasticity a metapopulation with multiple equilibria may suddenly crash to extinction from a state with practically all habitat occupied.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2120/is_n7_v79/ai_21231393 (837 words)

	metapop
		Given this level of interconnection, the use of one value to represent the response of an entire population is not descriptive.
		Metapopulation theory (Levins 1969) lends itself to modeling a patchy environment and can provide a connection from traditional laboratory data, such as dose-response curves, to field effects for a single species that exists in a patchy distribution.
		The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of differently sloped dose-response curves on a 4-patch metapopulation using model toxicants that degrade at different rates.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~ietc/metapop.html (1157 words)

	Does colonization asymmetry matter in metapopulations?
		Metapopulation viability in systems with symmetric dispersal mirrors results from a mean field approximation, where the system persists if the expected per patch colonization probability exceeds the expected per patch local extinction rate.
		Metapopulation viability depends on patch connectivity in symmetric systems, whereas in the asymmetric case the number of patches is more important.
		Future metapopulation models should account for asymmetric dispersal, while empirical work is needed to quantify the patterns and the consequences of asymmetric dispersal in natural metapopulations.
	www.galenicom.com /medline/article/16769635/au:Possingham+HP (240 words)

	Spatially-correlated extinction
		Previous models of metapopulation viability have either ignored correlated extinction of patches, or have included uniform correlations, with the correlation between nearby patches being the same as the correlation between distant patches (Lindenmayer et al.
		The importance of considering spatially-correlated extinction in metapopulation viability analyses was assessed using a model of the population dynamics of Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri), an endangered species inhabiting montane forests in south-eastern Australia.
		The dynamics of the metapopulation was driven by the incidence of fire in habitat patches.
	www.nceas.ucsb.edu /~mccarthy/poster.html (1174 words)

	Metapopulation biology of Polygonella basiramia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Metapopulation biology is concerned with the effects of local population dynamics on the regional persistence of a species and thus has achieved its widest application in conservation biology.
		A metapopulation is a set of local populations (subpopulations) within some larger area that are connected via migration; where a population is a collection of individuals, a metapopulation is a collection of local populations.
		Determine if predictions of metapopulation lifetime differ significantly between ecological and genetical models and to what extent these models provide different estimates of metapopulation viability, making both types of information necessary to management and monitoring decisions.
	www.botany.wisc.edu /waller/boyle/thesis.html (503 words)

	Summary/Abstract, WU dissertation no. 3173
		Two measures are introduced: the metapopulation extinction time and the colonization potential, which is a type of basic reproduction number (the number of patches colonized by a local population during its lifetime in an environment where all other patches are empty).
		Furthermore, the most important source of uncertainty is not the uncertainty in the effects of the railway track on extinction and colonization, as one might expect, but the uncertainty due to the inherent stochastic nature of the model combined with the uncertainty about the default parameter settings.
		As far as metapopulation theory is concerned, I hope to have drawn attention to some underexposed aspects (the necessity of a careful definition of the SLOSS problem and the constant realization that different measures may yield different conclusions).
	library.wur.nl /wda/abstracts/ab3173.html (2405 words)

	The role of habitat disturbance and recovery in metapopulation persistence. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We develop a stochastic metapopulation model, incorporating habitat disturbance and recovery, coupled with patch colonization and extinction, to investigate the effect of habitat dynamics on persistence.
		Moreover, metapopulation persistence is dependent not only on the average lifetime of a patch, but also on the variance in patch lifetime and the synchrony in patch dynamics that results from disturbance.
		Finally, there is an interaction between the habitat and metapopulation dynamics, for instance declining metapopulations react differently to habitat dynamics than expanding metapopulations.
	www.galenicom.com /medline/article/16676529/au:Possingham+HP (255 words)

	Metapopulation - EvoWiki
		Metapopulation theory is of particular importance to conservation biologists attempting to understand the process of regional extinction and survival of species.
		Since metapopulations are continually changing in terms of patch number and density, often a single survey of population density will underestimate a species' true range.
		Metapopulation dynamics in changing landscapes: a new spatially realistic model for forest plants.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php?title=Metapopulation&redirect=no (175 words)

	University of Helsinki
		The metapopulation biology of the Glanville fritillary butterfly is well known, but no local population life table study has been done before.
		To predict large scale metapopulation dynamics, it is important to understand also the local population processes which may cause extinction.
		When comparing the two spring larval generations separately in each metapopulation I found variation in mortality in Eckerö; mortality was higher in the spring of 2001 than in the spring of 2000.
	www.helsinki.fi /science/metapop/english/Theses/MSc_Valosaari.htm (400 words)

	Research Work Unit Description
		Principles of metapopulation theory and population ecology such as spatial arrangements of habitat, connectivity, densities, dispersal, and r-values will be incorporated into research for both animal and plant communities.
		Metapopulation theory will then be applied to the community system to determine the spatial distributions and habitat requirements for maintaining and enhancing viable communities.
		Metapopulation analyses of communities will also be used to provide managers an understanding of the minimum number and distribution of prairie dog towns required to support key rare species such as the fl-footed ferret.
	www.fs.fed.us /rm/sd/webdoc3.htm (3983 words)

	Patch occupancy models of metapopulation dynamics: efficient parameter estimation using implicit statistical inference ...
		Metapopulation studies are now becoming more diversified, research in metapopulation genetics and evolution is expanding, and connections to other branches of ecology, such as landscape ecology and community ecology, are being sought (Hanski and Simberloff 1997, Harrison and Taylor 1997, Hanski 1998).
		As collecting empirical data from metapopulations requires substantial resources, the amount of data needed for successful model parameterization is an important consideration in choosing the modeling approach.
		Revised parameter estimates are obtained for two species living in well-studied metapopulations: the American pika (Ochotona princeps) at Bodie, California, and the false heath fritillary butterfly (Melitaea diamina) in the Tampere region in Finland.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2120/is_3_80/ai_54545727 (714 words)

	Metapopulation simulator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is a Java applet for simulating metapopulations according to the Levins (1969) model.
		A metapopulation is a population of plants or animals that occupies a number of habitat patches.
		Because all patches are identical the state of the metapopulation can be described completely by the proportion of patches that are occupied.
	www.bne.marine.csiro.au /~roc037/metapop/index.html (368 words)

	Student Research, Marine Science, Otago University , New Zealand
		To test the hypothesis that processes of between-basin connectivity play an important role in maintaining local community structure, the predictions of a metapopulation model were examined.
		Community maintenance in the deep- basins of Fiordland may operate in a similar way to landbridge islands, where basin communities (islands) contained a full compliment of species from the regional pool (mainland) when they were first formed during the last post-glacial sea level rise.
		The metapopulation model provides a framework for future management of the fjord ecosystem, and demonstrates that metapopulation models can be examined in the marine environment when the appropriate spatial scales are defined.
	www.otago.ac.nz /marinescience/research/Abstracts/brepa_phd.htm (714 words)

	[No title]
		The structure and dynamics of genetic diversity in such a metapopulation and the consequences for population persistence and adaptability are not well understood.
		The metapopulation project aims at ameliorating this situation with a combined theoretical and experimental approach.
		Such an integrated, model-based approach is ideally suited to disentangle the complex interactions between demographic and genetic factors, and will certainly contribute to a better understanding of natural systems, where it is often difficult if not impossible to separate cause and effect.
	www.rug.nl /fwn/onderzoek/programmas/biologie/evolutionarygenetics/people/metapopGenetics (446 words)

	Piping Plover Atlantic Coast Population Recovery Plan: Appendix E
		A metapopulation structure may increase or decrease the extinction probability of the population as a whole.
		The potential for loss of small local populations is greater the smaller the subpopulation, the greater the distance between subpopulations, and the poorer the ability of the species to disperse between habitat patches to augment or re-colonize adjacent populations and habitat.
		On the other hand, a metapopulation may have a greater probability of persistence than a single large population, if subpopulations are relatively independent with regard to environmental conditions and if individuals can readily disperse between subpopulations.
	www.fws.gov /northeast/pipingplover/recplan/appendixe.html (4752 words)

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