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Topic: Meteor (satellite)

	Satellite Operators Brace For Meteor Shower - Technology News by TechWeb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Satellite operators are bracing their equipment for a massive meteor shower next month, but opinion is divided over whether to expect a communications catastrophe or just a gigantic fireworks display.
		The impact of a satellite outage was felt in May, when almost all pagers in the United States went out of action after a technical problem with the PanAmSat Galaxy IV communications satellite.
		Satellite operators are taking precautions to limit the likelihood of their satellites being damaged by the shower.
	www.techweb.com /wire/story/TWB19981005S0016 (488 words)

	NOAASIS - NOAA Satellite Information System for NOAA Meteorological / Weather Satellites
		Which satellite is in operation depends on the sun angles and consequently the seasons.
		Meteor 3-5 is usually the (Northern Hemisphere) "summer" satellite while 2-21 is in operation for approximately the half-year centered on winter.
		This satellite carries a meteorological package similar to what was planned for the 3M series, and may be a cost saving effort to have these capabilities without launching a separate satellite.
	noaasis.noaa.gov /NOAASIS/ml/meteor.html (433 words)

	NSSDC Master Catalog Display: Spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Meteor 2 was equipped with two vidicon cameras for dayside photography, a scanning high-resolution IR radiometer for dayside and nightside photography, and an actinometric instrument for measuring the earth's radiation field in the visible and infrared regions.
		The satellite was in the form of a cylinder 5 m long and 1.5 m in diameter with two large solar panels attached to the sides.
		Meteor 1 was oriented toward the earth by a gravity-gradient triaxial stabilization system consisting of flywheels whose kinetic energy was dampened by the use of controlled electromagnets on board that interacted with the magnetic field of the earth.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /database/MasterCatalog?sc=1969-084A (404 words)

	Astronomers debate effects of meteor event on satellites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The participants concluded it is unlikely the meteor shower will have a major effect on communications satellites, but recommended that, during the shower, satellite operators have on duty teams of controllers trained to handle meteor impacts.
		Satellite owners are concerned not just with a meteor blasting a gaping hole in a satellite.
		Satellites other than Olympus have failed during meteor showers, but there was no direct evidence of an impact, he added.
	www.post-gazette.com /healthscience/19981012leonid3.asp (1087 words)

	Russia and Earth Observation Systems
		Originally launched by the Vostok booster into nominal orbits of 850 km by 900 km at an inclination of 81.3 degrees, during 1982-1984 the Meteor 2 satellites were transferred to the Tsyklon-3 booster and a new orbital regime of 940 km by 960 km with an inclination of 82.5 degrees.
		The Meteor 3 program began with the launch of Meteor 3-1 in 1985 after the prototype spacecraft (Kosmos 1612) was lost due to a launch vehicle failure the previous year.
		Working with Meteor 3-5 during 1993 were Meteors 3-3 and 3-4, but both had come to the end of their useful lives as the year came to a close.
	www.fas.org /spp/guide/russia/earth/meteor.htm (1602 words)

	CNN.com - Leonid meteor shower to light up night sky - Nov 16, 2004
		While meteor showers may make for entertaining skygazing, the risk of getting hit by a meteorite is practically zero.
		Another danger from the impact of a meteor on a satellite is an effect called "charging" in which the collision creates a tiny cloud of electrically charged gas, called plasma, that can short out electrical systems.
		Many satellite operators take precautions during meteor showers, such as angling sensitive optics away from the oncoming meteors, or turning solar arrays on edge to the shower.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/space/11/16/meteor.shower/index.html (607 words)

	Satellite Observations of the Earth/Atmosphere/Ocean/Biosphere
		These satellites have the advantage that tracking devices are not required to receive their signals, so fixed dishes, similar to a typical TV dish, are suitable for transmitting and receiving signals from these satellites.
		A disadvantage of geostationary satellites is that their large distance from the earth's surface compromises their ability to capture fine detailed resolution of the planet surface.
		This allows the satellite to view a new swath that is adjacent to the west of the swath from the previous pass.
	www.meteor.iastate.edu /gcp/satellite/satellite_lecture.html (1592 words)

	Meteor (satellite) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Meteor satellites were designed to monitor atmospheric and sea-surface temperatures, humidity, radiation, sea ice conditions, snow-cover, and clouds.
		Meteor 2-21/Fizeau is the twenty-first and last in the Meteor-2 series of Russian meteorological satellites launched in 1993.
		The METEOR 3-6/PRARE satellite is the sixth in the Russian METEOR-3 series of meteorological satellites launched in 1994.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meteor_(satellite) (986 words)

	AMS Radio Meteor Project
		These reflections can be used to study the meteors which caused them because each meteor will generate a unique signal based upon its mass, velocity, angle and direction of entry into the atmosphere, and distance from the transmitter.
		This is called meteor burst communications, and is frequently used as a backup means to satellite communications.
		In North America, the most widely known meteor burst communications system is the SNOTEL system, used by the U.S. Natural Resources Water and Climate Center, located in Portland, Oregon, to monitor rain and snowfall levels at remote stations throughout the Rocky Mountains.
	www.amsmeteors.org /radmet.html (1334 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Summary of Russian Meteorological METEOR Satellite Meteor 2-21 This spacecraft continues to transmit on the 137.850 mhz channel with normal 120 line per minute visible mode APT.
		The second part of each pass (as the spacecraft passes away from the observer) has a much stronger signal, but is still decreased compared to Meteor 3-5 or any of the NOAA series spacecraft.
		Meteor 3-5 It is also transmitting on 137.850 mhz.
	www.osdpd.noaa.gov /EBB/post/meteor.asc (168 words)

	CNN - Meteor shower poses threat to Earth satellites - April 27, 1998
		The Leonid meteor shower occurs yearly in November, but this year astronomers say the storm will be strongest since 1966.
		In 1993, a meteor struck the Olympus satellite operated by the European Space Agency.
		The satellite's directional control was destroyed, rendering the satellite useless.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/space/9804/27/leonid.meteor (494 words)

	Meteor-3
		To eliminate low latitude coverage gaps, the altitude of Meteor 3 satellites was increased 250 km in comparison with the Meteor 2 network, i.e., approximately 1,200 km circular orbits with an inclination of 82.5 degrees.
		Meteor 3-6 was inserted into an orbital plane 60 degrees to the west of Meteor 3-5's plane and ejected the small German satellite Tubsat B on the second orbit.
		A second SCARAB instrument was manifested on a Meteor spacecraft that was to be launched in 1996, but this did not come to pass.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/meteor3.htm (1277 words)

	MeteorComm - Wireless Communications
		A meteor burst communications system (MBCS) uses ionized meteor trails as a means of radio signal propagation.
		These trails exist in the 80 to 120 km region of the earth’s atmosphere, and reflect the RF energy between two stations.
		Meteor Burst communications has been a viable communications medium since the 1950s.
	www.meteorcomm.com /technologies/tech_burst.aspx (158 words)

	NSSDC Master Catalog Display: Spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Meteor 1-1 was the first fully operational Russian meteorological satellite and the ninth meteorological satellite launched from the Plesetsk site.
		Meteor 1 was equipped with two vidicon cameras for dayside photography, a scanning high-resolution IR radiometer for dayside and nightside photography, and an actinometric instrument for measuring the earth's radiation field in the visible and infrared regions.
		It is believed the satellite terminated operations in July 1970, when the transmissions of video and IR data from Moscow to the United States via the 'cold line' facsimile link ceased.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /database/MasterCatalog?sc=1969-029A (398 words)

	NOAA/NGDC - Earth Observation Group - Defense Meteorological Satellite Progam, Boulder
		Each DMSP satellite has a 101 minute, sun-synchronous near-polar orbit at an altitude of 830km above the surface of the earth.
		The data from the DMSP satellites are received and used at operational centers continuously.
		Currently, data from 4 satellites (3 day/night, 1 dawn/dusk) are added to the archive each day.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /dmsp/dmsp.html (312 words)

	WTOC-Polar Satellite data information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These satellite images are unlike the usual images that you see on our broadcast which emanate from the GOES series of satellites.
		The NOAA series are maintained by the U.S. government while the METEOR satellites are maintained by the Russian government and only transmits images during a daylight pass while the NOAA satellite transmit both in daylight and nighttime passes.
		Taylor's "Satsig" weather satellite decoder is used for the processing of Meteor satellite images.
	www.savannah-weather.com /poes/poes_d.htm (1045 words)

	SPACE.com -- Japanese Students Propose Meteor-Watching Satellite
		It also would see meteors ultraviolet emissions, which are absorbed by the atmosphere and hard to detect from the ground, Yoshida said.
		He said the satellite would shed light on the process by which meteors illuminate their high-altitude paths for as long as several minutes, apparently as volatile or organic compounds burn.
		The Leonid meteors occur when Earth passes through the orbit of Comet Tempel-Tuttle, and dust and other particles in the comets wake burn up in the atmosphere.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/leonidsat_000828.html (848 words)

	The DIY weather satellite station project
		These images are used with other data from geo stationary satellites, radar and land based weather stations to build a basis for interpreting weather over time.
		To obtain the kit you must be a member of the Remote Imaging Group Remote Imaging Group which is a group dedicated to amateur weather satellite watchers, their quarterly journal, RIG, is an excellent, quality publication with projects, articles and images associated with remote imaging.
		There are quite a few PC programs that track satellites in real time and these identify when and which satellite is in your stations range, the satellites that interest you are Russia's MET 3-5 and America's NOAA 12 or NOAA 14.
	www.g7ltt.com /weather/The_DIY_weather_satellite_station_project.htm (849 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Russian weather satellite fails (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Transmitters on Russia's only remaining weather satellite have failed and it will be up to three years before a full weather monitoring service is restored.
		The Russian Government decided in November to restore the network of weather satellites it had in Soviet times, which could monitor conditions across the country's 11 time zones.
		The satellites are meant to boost the country's global positioning system, or Glonass.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/3309881.stm (375 words)

	Satellites, Station Readied for Leonid Meteor Shower
		Mark Hess, a spokesman for the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, said that some actions with the space agency's science satellites are being considered.
		However, one satellite is on the worry list, although it's a small concern, Hess said.
		Even during the meteor shower, the orbiting observatory can continue its astronomical scanning within a 10-degree window -- equal to about 20 Moon diameters, he said.
	www.space.com /news/spacestation/leonid_satellites_001117.html (731 words)

	Meteor plumes
		They propose that when a stony object as small as 50 centimeters across collides with the atmosphere and plunges into the lower layers, it ejects a very thin plume of this "fl" air to as high as 1,000 kilometers.
		They say if they are right, it is just a matter of time before Department of Defense satellites detect an infrared flash from a large meteor that corresponds exactly to the time and location of one of the holes.
		Three of these papers are by scientists at the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona, and one is by scientists at the Universities of Alabama and Washington and NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.
	www.sandia.gov /media/mtrplume.htm (709 words)

	Greenland meteor
		"On 9 December 1997, sensors aboard DOD satellites detected the impact of a meteoroid at 08:15:55 UTC roughly midway between Nuuk and Qaqortoq, Greenland.
		There was speculation that the cloud was related to the meteor because of its unusually high, crisp appearance.
		Nevertheless, the time-of-formation is a remarkable coincidence with the reported meteor impact.
	rsd.gsfc.nasa.gov /goes/text/9712.greenland/9712.greenland.html (631 words)

	Green glow more likely old satellite than meteor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		But two Tristate astronomical experts said the green glow that was reportedly seen from Kentucky to Wisconsin wasn't part of the Leonid meteor shower due to arrive late tonight.
		“Satellites are composed of copper wiring,” said Grant H. Martin, a past president and member of the Cincinnati Astronomical Society.
		In addition, the path the falling debris took was from west to east across the horizon.
	www.enquirer.com /editions/1999/11/17/loc_green_glow_more.html (427 words)

	Chesapeake Meteor
		The Chesapeake Meteorite: A Message From the Past is available by C-Band satellite and is free to all educational institutions.
		Provide the satellite coordinates, date, and time of this broadcast to your media specialist.
		You will want to have a large monitor in your classroom for viewing the program and a telephone for students to call in during the live program and talk with the experts.
	meteor.pwnet.org /live/satellite.htm (364 words)

	SAGE III: Meteor-3M Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The SAGE III/Meteor-3M satellite mission is a joint partnership between NASA and the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (RASA).
		It was initiated by the Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission in 1994 and extends a long-term working relationship between the United States and Russia to understand Earth's environment.
		The Meteor-3M spacecraft is an advanced model of the Meteor spacecraft that was developed over 30 years ago.
	www-sage3.larc.nasa.gov /meteor-3m (245 words)

	eoPortal directory: Meteor-3M-1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Plans for Meteor-3M are to combine the meteorological observations of the Meteor-3 series with the Earth-surface observations of the Resurs series, starting with Meteor-3M-2 (also referred to as Meteor-3M-1) with a planned launch in 2007 (operational capability for meteorology applications).
		Secondary payloads on the flight are the Badr-B satellite of Pakistan, Maroc-Tubsat of Morocco, the Compass spacecraft of IZMIRAN, Moscow, and REFLECTOR (Retroreflector Ensemble For Laser Experiments Calibration Testing and Optical Research), a US/Russian nanosatellite, funded by AFRL and developed by ISDE (Institute of Space Device Engineering), Moscow.
		A. Bedritsky, V. Asmus, A. Uspensky, "Current and Future Russian Meteorological Satellite Systems and their Applications," Proceedings of the EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Data User's Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, Sept. 6-10, 1999, pp.
	directory.eoportal.org /pres_Meteor3M1.html (3498 words)

	Meteor Crater Map - Explore 50 Meteor Impact Sites! - GEOLOGY.COM
		Switch between maps and satellite images using the buttons in the upper right.
		"Meteor" is the proper term for the object as it streaks through Earth's atmosphere.
		"Meteor crater" is the most common useage for craters produced by a meteor impact.
	geology.com /meteor-impact-craters.shtml (197 words)

	Tropical Cyclone Related Publications/References
		Soden, B. Velden, and R. Tuleya, 2001: The Impact of Satellite Winds on Experimental GFDL Hurricane Model Forecasts.
		Velden, C. Satellite Observations of Hurricane Elena (1985) from the VAS 6.7 Micron Water Vapor Channel.
		Soden, B., and C. Velden, 2000: The Impact of Satellite Derived Winds on GFDL Hurricane Model Forecasts.
	cimss.ssec.wisc.edu /tropic/research/references/cyclones.html (3078 words)

	Amazon.com: Meteor: DVD: Sean Connery,Natalie Wood,Bibi Besch,Bo Brundin,Joseph Campanella,Katherine De Hetre,Richard ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To stop the meteor NASA wants to use the illegal nuclear weapon satellite "Hercules" but discovers soon that it doesn't have enough fire power.
		"Meteor" gives new meaning to the term "disaster movie." Unfortunately, a better-than-necessary cast is trapped in the wreckage -- including Henry Fonda as the President of the United States.
		One of the last disaster movies of the 70s, METEOR is not the best of the lot, but it's an okay escapist film.
	www.amazon.com /Meteor-Sean-Connery/dp/0792843606 (1484 words)

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