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Topic: Meteor impact

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	Meteor Impact
		Scientific consensus is that a large meteor, several kilometres in diameter, was the primary cause of the Cretaceous/Tertiary (KT) boundary and the sharp end of the age of the dinosaurs.
		The "local" zones of damage from the impact of a 1-km object could envelop whole states or countries, with fatalities of tens of millions in a densely populated region.
		Large crater-forming impact generates sufficient globally dispersed dust to produce a significant, short-term change in climate, in addition to devastating blast effects in the region of impact.
	www.geocities.com /extinct_humans/meteor.htm (984 words)

	Terrestrial Impact Craters
		Impact craters are geologic structures formed when a large meteoroid, asteroid or comet smashes into a planet or a satellite.
		The impact of an asteroid or comet several hundred million years ago left scars in the landscape that are still visible in this spaceborne radar image of an area in the Sahara Desert of northern Chad.
		The Manicouagan impact structure is one of the largest impact craters still preserved on the surface of the Earth.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/tercrate.htm (2505 words)

	K-T Meteor Impact
		Many impact craters on planets are approximately circular, but the most probable angle of impact for a bolide is 45°, as a vertical impact is only as likely as a grazing impact.
		In the event of a major meteoric impact, the body would pass through the main part of the atmosphere in less than a second, so there is little time for ablation and the meteor would hit the surface of the Earth relatively unchanged and having lostb only 5% of it's energy.
		Impacts are the only natural process known to produce shock waves of sufficient strength, of pressure and strain rate to cause deformation of this type hence they are not due to volcanism.
	www.bits.bris.ac.uk /iain/meteor (3035 words)

	Meteor Impact Craters
		During impact, debris is thrown from the crater.
		This peak is caused by the surface's attempt to rebound from the impact.
		The Barringer's Meteor Crater which is near Winslow, Arizona (see if you can find it on the map at left), is one the worlds most well known craters.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /Academy/SPACE/SolarSystem/Meteors/Craters.html (332 words)

	PSR Discoveries: Hot Idea: Damage by Impact at Meteor Crater
		Winds in excess of 1000 km/hour scoured the land within 3 to 5 km of the point of impact and led to swift devastation of the local population of plants and animals.
		Researchers are gaining more understanding of the interplay between impact energy, target rock strength and structure, presence or absence of volatiles, and gravity from their studies of impact craters throughout the Solar System.
		In this case, a 40-km diameter region around Meteor Crater corresponded roughly to the mean of severe to moderate woodland damage calculated for 20 and 40 megaton blasts.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Dec97/impactBlast.html (2150 words)

	ScienceDaily: Big Bang In Antarctica: Killer Crater Found Under Ice
		Impact event -- Impact events are caused by the collision of large meteoroids, asteroids or comets (generically: bolides) with Earth and may sometimes be followed by mass extinctions of...
		Meteor -- A meteor is the visible path of a meteoroid that enters the Earth's (or another body's) atmosphere, commonly called a shooting star or falling star.
		Impact crater -- An impact crater is a circular depression on a surface, usually referring to a planet, moon, asteroid, or other celestial body, caused by a collision of a smaller body (meteor) with the...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/06/060601174729.htm (2324 words)

	Coesite, Stishovite, Diamonds, Tektites, Impact Metamophism, and Related Features
		Impact induced mineral assemblages, and partially melted breccia are sure signs of these interstellar bombs, while impact craters and shatter cones represent convincing landforms.
		From the flight to final impact topics like diffusion, turbulence of flight, geometry, rotation of flight, aerodynamic pressure, drag and energy transfer, ablation, radiation, target density, atomic collision, potential energy of atomic interaction, shock wave propagation, shock wave detachment, cratering, melting, and oblique impacting have been evaluated using physical quantitative models.
		In other words an impact at 75 degrees is approximately the same as using a diameter 3/4 as big as the original diameter or using a density that is 3/4 the original density of the meteorite.
	www.umich.edu /~gs265/meteor.htm (3630 words)

	Impact event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Impact events are caused by the collision of large meteoroids, asteroids or comets (generically: bolides) with Earth and may sometimes be followed by mass extinctions of life.
		This has led to the suggestion that the Chicxulub impact was one of several that occurred almost simultaneously, perhaps due to a disrupted comet impacting the Earth in a similar manner to the collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter in 1994.
		A meteor was observed striking Reisadalen in Nordreisa municipality in Troms County, Norway, on June 7, 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meteor_impact (3141 words)

	SPACE.com -- Evidence for Oldest Meteor Impact Tied to Two Continents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		A cosmic impact thought to have occurred about 3.5 billion years ago was so incredible it covered the entire Earth with ejected material and generated ocean waves that soared more than half a mile high (1 kilometer) when they reached the shore.
		The impacting object would have smashed right through 2 miles (about 3 kilometers) of ocean water and hit the rock beneath, generating a cataclysm far more destructive than the impact that led to the demise of dinosaurs in more recent times.
		While such an impact today would severely alter the climate, not enough is known of the ancient climate to predict effects.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/earliest_impact_020822.html (1153 words)

	Chesapeake Meteor
		The hypothesis that a large meteorite impacted the Atlantic Ocean during the Eocene Epoch was tested and, through dogged research, scientists came to the inescapable conclusion that Virginia had been impacted and affected by an Earth-changing event.
		The nature of the impact substantially affected the geology of the Atlantic continental crust and is suspected to affect the nature and quality of groundwater in southeastern Virginia.
		Meteor -- a bright streak of light in the sky caused by a meteoroid or small icy particle entering Earth’s atmosphere.
	meteor.pwnet.org /impact_event/impact_crater.htm (3840 words)

	Weak Impact: The Perseid Meteor Shower
		As in the popular movie "Deep Impact", the action of the Perseid meteor shower is caused by a comet, in this case periodic comet Swift-Tuttle.
		The next severe Leonid meteor storm is due this November, and satellite operators are devising stretegies to protect their hardware.
		The location in the sky from which the meteors will appear to come is located approximately 20 degrees (the width of your hand from thumb to little finger with your arm totally extended) to the west, and a few degrees to the south of Casseopeia.
	science.nasa.gov /newhome/headlines/ast05aug98_1.htm (1109 words)

	Barringer Meteor Crater \| World of Earth Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Gilbert, therefore, assumed that if a meteor collision was responsible for the crater, substantial pieces of the meteor should still exist and there should be ample and direct physical evidence of the size of the meteor.
		After discovering that small meteors made of iron had been found at or near the rim of the crater, Barringer was convinced that only a large iron meteor could be the cause of such a geologic phenomenon.
		In one stroke, his hypothesis that the crater was caused by a meteor impact gained widespread support while, at the same time Barringer's hopes of profitably mining the meteor vaporized like much of the exploded meteor itself.
	www.bookrags.com /research/barringer-meteor-crater-woes-01 (1532 words)

	Meteorites, Meteorites and Impacts
		A meteor is a bright streak of light in the sky (a "shooting star" or a "falling star") produced by the entry of a small meteoroid into the Earth's atmosphere.
		Larger ones are less numerous and impacts are less frequent, but they do sometimes happen and with disastrous consequences.
		The impact of a comet or asteroid about the size of Hephaistos or SL9 hitting the Earth was probably responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
	www.seds.org /nineplanets/nineplanets/meteorites.html (1499 words)

	Arthur Ross Hall of Meteorites \| American Museum of Natural History
		Although Barringer's mining attempts failed-most of the meteorite had been destroyed on impact-his dedicated research on the crater laid a foundation for understanding impact cratering on Earth and other planets.
		Meteor Crater, the best-preserved impact crater in the world, is located in the high desert of northern Arizona.
		The name Meteor Crater is slightly inaccurate because meteors, by definition, burn up before reaching the ground.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/permanent/meteorites/impacts/model.php (729 words)

	IUP Virtual Field Trip 1999 -- Meteor Crater
		He later changed his hypothesis and concluded that the origin of the crater was formed by a meteor impact.
		Finally everyone agreed that close to half of the meteor was blasted back up into the air right after the collision, and deposited in tiny fragments on and near the rim of the crater.
		It is clear that the force of the impact actually destroyed what ever part of the meteor that survived its journey through the Earth's atmosphere.
	www.iup.edu /fieldtrip/meteor.html (997 words)

	Impact Craters 03:2002 EXPLORER
		Impact craters and their potential seized the attention of the Oklahoma oil industry in the early 1990s.
		Impact craters may go unnoticed because they are subtle, buried structures and geologists tend to have little training in identifying them, according to Cannon.
		For instance, at Meteor Crater, Ariz., the crater appears to be square.
	www.aapg.org /explorer/2002/03mar/impactcraters.cfm (1470 words)

	CNN - Talk about a big bang: Giant meteor may have hit Ontario - Oct. 17, 1996
		A meteor hit in the Yucatan Peninsula 65 million years ago is believed to have led to the extinction of the dinosaurs.
		And scientists suspect that a massive meteor, the size of a small mountain, hit northern Ontario eons ago, leaving behind a bunch of strange-looking rocks, and dredging up enough copper and nickel to support a thriving mining industry.
		Scientists figure the odds of a meteor with the explosive energy of 300 Hiroshima bombs hitting the Earth is one percent every year.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/9610/17/meteor (556 words)

	Panther Mountain Meteor Impact Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Meteors are made of stone or metal, and comets are made mostly of ice (which vaporizes when the comet is close to the sun, forming a tail).
		Most meteors and comets do not normally approach the Earth, but the gravitational pull of other objects in space can upset their orbits, causing them to move into the inner solar system.
		Their hypothesis (a scientific explanation that can be tested) is that a meteor or comet struck the Earth about 400 million years ago.
	www.catskillcenter.org /panther (827 words)

	Dinosaur Extinction: Giant Meteor Impact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Additional evidence of a meteor impact was also discovered, in the form of 'microtektites,' small, spherical particles of molten ejecta with a distinctive fracture pattern.
		The Giant Meteor Impact theory meets many of the criteria for a successful extinction theory, and its incredible popularity among the scientific community attests to its success.
		A predicted consequence of a giant meteor impact is that immense quantities of dust and aerosols would be thrown up into the atmosphere, darkening the sky for many months, blocking out the Sun and causing something like the "Nuclear Winter" scenario predicted as the aftermath of an all-out nuclear war.
	webspinners.com /dlblanc/paleo/dino-colo/extinction/meteor.php (1503 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Mexico's Cantarell Field caused by meteor impact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Scientists now believe that the Chicxulub meteor impact was the culprit that killed the dinosaurs, as well as the cause for creating the Cantrell oil field.
		The impact crater is massive, estimated to be 100 to 150 miles (160 to 240 kilometers) wide.
		Proponents of the abiotic, deep-earth theory of the origin of oil argue that the deep fracturing of the basement bedrock at Cantarell caused by the meteor's impact was responsible for allowing oil formed in the Earth's mantle to seep into the sedimentary rock that settled in the huge underwater crater.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=47429 (1097 words)

	Nearctica - Geology - Geology - Meteorites and Impact Craters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		An assesment of the hazards of a comet or asteroid impacting the earth.
		An excellent series of lecture notes on the theory that a meteor impact for responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs and other groups at the end of the Cretaceous.
		A well illustrated, non-technical, presentation on the asteroid impact theory behind the extinction of the dinosaurs and other groups of organisms at the end of the Cretaceous.
	www.nearctica.com /geology/meteor.htm (769 words)

	Evidence For Meteor Impact, 1980-1990
		A large impact such as the K-T meteor creates huge amounts of heat merely by friction with the atmosphere, as well as that with the surface when it impacts.
		The type of pressure applied by an impact causes what is known as shock metamorphism, this deforms the structure of the quartz and creates parallel laminar ripples.
		The major 'antithesis' to the meteor hypothesis is for massive volcanic activity, this can create shocked quartz (and many other features of the K-T boundary) from explosive eruptions, but the form of the quartz is different from that observed.
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Communication/Lee/page1.html (820 words)

	lmis web page
		The impact occurred after the spacecraft approached at an angle of 1 degree with the level surface.
		The impact was likely too faint in the visible for most amateurs to observe in small to moderate instrumentation (this includes both the flash itself and any dust cloud that resulted from the impact.
		Impact flashes are much brighter in the infrared than the visible, and anyone who is equipped with a Wratten 87 filter and a low-light video camera sensitive at these wavelengths is encouraged to observe the Moon during the Earthshine periods.
	www.lpl.arizona.edu /~rhill/alpo/lunarstuff/lunimpacts.html (2604 words)

	NASA - Evidence Of Meteor Impact Found Off Australian Coast
		An impact crater believed to be associated with the "Great Dying," the largest extinction event in the history of life on Earth, appears to be buried off the coast of Australia.
		Shocked quartz is fractured in several directions and is therefore believed to be a good tracer for the impact of a meteor.
		The Bedout impact crater is also associated in time with extreme volcanism and the break-up of Pangea.
	www.nasa.gov /home/hqnews/2004/may/HQ_04159_australian_coast.html (654 words)

	Climate Change From A Meteor Impact
		A meteor of course, is nothing more than an asteroid that has entered the earth's atmosphere.
		Whether or not it impacts is dependent on speed, angle of entry into the earth's atmosphere, size, and its physical material makeup (mass.) Most asteroids are largely made of iron.
		A meteor that moves across the sky and never impacts, has a shallow angle of entry.
	www.rense.com /general49/meteor.htm (1509 words)

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