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Topic: Meteorological phenomena

	Learn more about Meteorology in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology.
		Early in the 20th century, theoretical studies of atmospheric phenomena usually were performed analytically, that is by taking the fluid-dynamical equations that govern atmosperic flow, simplifying them by neglecting lesser terms, and looking for solutions to these equations.
		Meteorological instrumentation that is used at the surface or in airplanes also has room for improvement.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /m/me/meteorology.html (1674 words)

	METEOROLOGY - LoveToKnow Article on METEOROLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Temperature at Sea-Level.The temperature of the air at the surfaces of the earth and ocean and throughout the atmosphere is the fundamental element of dynamic meteorology.
		The pressure is supposed to interest the engineer and navigator, but the velocity is the fundamental meteorological datum; in fact, the pressure of the wind varies with the nature of the obstacle, the method of exposure, the density of the air, and even the mass of rain carried along with it.
		Electrical A pparatus.The electrical phenomena of the atmosphere undoubtedly belong to meteorology, and yet the methods of observation have been so unsatisfactory and the difficulty of interpreting the results has been so baffling that regular observations in electricity are only carried out at a very few meteorological institutions.
	31.1911encyclopedia.org /M/ME/METEOROLOGY.htm (17952 words)

	Meteorology - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Early in the 20th century, theoretical studies of atmospheric phenomena usually were performed analytically, that is by taking the fluid-dynamical equations that govern atmospheric flow, simplifying them by neglecting lesser terms, and looking for solutions to these equations.
		For example, Vilhelm Bjerknes developed the model that explains the generation, intensification and ultimate decay (the life cycle) of midlatitude cyclones, introducing the idea of fronts, that is, sharply defined boundaries between air masses.
		In light of the decrease in density of surface and rawinsonde observations, new algorithms have to be developed to extract similarly accurate information from satellite data, for example about cloud type and distribution.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Meteorology (1676 words)

	Traumatisme
		Meteorological phenomena can be forecasted, but within certain limits of which we need to be aware.
		This is one of the chief lessons drawn from the meteorological events of 1999 by Météo-France and its supervising authorities.
		But the limits of predictability teach us that there will always be phenomena that slip through the net of the meteorological services, even though we are actively working to reduce their number by advances in observation, modelisation and forecasting.
	www.cindynics.org /cie-lettre31-meteo.htm (3135 words)

	Meteorology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting.
		This is the era of the first recorded meteorological observations.
		As there was no standard measurement, they were of little use until the work of Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit and Anders Celsius in the 18th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meteorology (1569 words)

	NOAA History - Tools of the Trade/Weather Prediction & Detection/Meteorology
		The result was the establishment of numerous small meteorological observatories scattered throughout the country that became local centers of scientific observation and contributed toward the development of the science.
		Although designed primarily for the meteorological observers reporting to the Smithsonian Institution, the tables obtained a much wider circulation and were extensively used by a large number of meteorologists and physicists in Europe and the United States.
		The reestablishment of the meteorological observations interrupted by the civil war was somewhat impeded by the fire that occurred in 1865 destroying very many of the records and instruments.
	www.history.noaa.gov /stories_tales/meteorology.html (5142 words)

	Meteorology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It was centered more on predicting the weather by interpreting established celestial phenomena, such as a halo around the moon, without bothering with explanations.
		Other technological advances that are usually thought of mainly as part of the progression of physics were Robert Boyle's investigation of the dependence of gas volume on pressure which lead to thermodynamics and Benjamin Franklin's kite experiments with lightning.
		The inputs to the mapping process are: measured wind data and topography, and possibly other meteorological data which might relate to seasonal variation, pressure, and humidity.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/M/Meteorology.htm (2534 words)

	Index
		In fact his scientific interest was about a group of natural phenomena, meteorology, geography, physics, geomagnetism and astronomy, which are connected to each other, so a wide and systematic work of observation, collection and collation of data had to be planned.
		Today meteorological monitoring, because of its detailed series of information, is an essential instrument of work for people from different working areas and with different aims: from the meteorological service manager to the civil safety engineer, from the scientist to the historian.
		These data, which are useful for the study of the development of cyclones and anticyclones, responsable of meteorological phenomena changes, are mathematically elaborated with the physic laws of thermodynamics and mechanics of fluids that air, being a fluid, respects.
	users.libero.it /jmbalzan/majorana/studenti/denza-us.htm (1208 words)

	Royal Meteorological Society - History 2000
		According to the minutes of the meeting, they gathered "to form a society the objects of which should be the advancement and extension of meteorological science by determining the laws of climate and of meteorological phenomena in general".
		It became The Meteorological Society in 1866, when it was incorporated by Royal Charter, and the Royal Meteorological Society in 1883, when Her Majesty Queen Victoria granted the privilege of adding `Royal' to the title.
		To try to test this, a wide range of such meteorological variables as pressure, temperature, rainfall, and storm frequency was studied during the latter part of the nineteenth century, and claims made for the discovery of a variety of correlations between these variables and the solar cycle.
	www.royal-met-soc.org.uk /his2000.html (1899 words)

	Mesoscale meteorology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Meteorological prediction of mesoscale processes and phenomena is a permanent challenge to meteorologists.
		The public and special users are interested in forecasts of extreme meteorological phenomena, which are rare events.
		We collaborated with CHMI on the meteorological part of the hydrometeorological analysis, which was prepared for the Ministry of Environment CR.
	www.ufa.cas.cz /html/meteo/mesomet.html (1016 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Environmental Science in the Coastal Zone: Issues for Further Research (1994)
		Coastal meteorology is the study of meteorological phenomena in the coastal zone caused, or significantly affected, by the sharp changes that occur between land and sea in surface transfer or elevation.
		Examples of coastal meteorological phenomena include the sea breeze, sea-breeze-related thunderstorms, coastal fronts, marine stratus, fog and haze, enhanced winter snow storms, and strong winds associated with coastal orography.
		Phenomena that appear similar to flow separation in classical fluid dynamics also occur in the lee of capes and other coastline salients.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309049806/html/14.html (2555 words)

	Tornado affects the Mack Pond Ar
		From a meteorological stand point we firmly believe that there were several factors that contributed to the phenomenon which occurred yesterday.
		It also refers to small scale meteorological phenomena with life spans of less than a few minutes that affect very small areas and are strongly influenced by local conditions of temperature and terrain.
		Smaller phenomena are classified as micro scale while larger are classified as synoptic-scale.
	www.antiguamet.com /Antigua_Met_files/tornado.htm (602 words)

	Royal Meteorological Society -
		This facility is largely lacking in photographing meteorological subjects with colour emulsions, where colour casts are generally undesirable, although some contrast control may be obtained in certain parts of the sky through the use of a polarizing filter.
		The majority of meteorological phenomena may be regarded as lying at infinity, and it is not generally necessary to restrict the depth of field.
		It is a common fallacy that because the majority of clouds and meteorological phenomena may be regarded as lying at infinity, camera shake is less of a problem than with close-up photographs because image motion is extremely small.
	www.royal-met-soc.org.uk /photoguide.html (3040 words)

	Full Exhibit Text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This appears to be a rare monograph on a number of meteorological instruments, including a barometer, manometer, thermometer, hygrometer, and a machine designed to measure the speed of winds.
		With a deep Baconian faith in the efficacy of fact gathering, Cotte was a self-appointed clearinghouse for meteorological information, a chronicler of the development of organized study of the weather, and a proponent of the arrival of meteorology as a distinct science.
		His records of meteorological phenomena for the early part of the nineteenth century, including those printed here, are practically all that have been preserved.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /speccoll/weather/fulltext.htm (3801 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Coastal Meteorology: A Review of the State of the Science (1992)
		Coastal meteorology is the study of meteorological phenomena in the coastal zone caused, or significantly affected, by sharp changes in heat, moisture, and momentum transfers and elevation that occur between land and water.
		Examples of coastal meteorological phenomena include land and sea breezes, sea-breeze-related thunderstorms, coastal fronts, fog, haze, marine stratus clouds, and strong winds associated with coastal orography.
		Coastal Meteorology: A Review of the State of the Science 1 Introduction Coastal meteorology is the study of meteorological phenomena in the coastal zone caused, or significantly affected, by sharp changes in heat, moisture, and momentum transfers and elevation that occur between land and water.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309046874/html/5.html (1750 words)

	Skymath National Weather Report Module
		This is an overview of a unit in which students produce a national weather report and a report on their understanding of the phenomena under study.
		In this investigation, students will start to examine the relationship between the different phenomena -- first temperature and wind velocity (with the development of the concept of "wind chill"), then with atmospheric pressure (with the development of regions of high and low pressure, fronts, and accompanying changes in weather patterns).
		Understanding the temperature scale and the phenomena of water condensing out of the atmosphere to form clouds (change of state),studying the relationship between pressure and temperature in a gas, and relating the changing seasons to the motion of the earth, are examples.
	atm.geo.nsf.gov /skymath/lesson1.html (1973 words)

	Forum 2004 - Documents: Managing increased weather disasters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In terms of socioeconomic and environmental factors, meteorological phenomena are becoming increasingly extreme and are producing profound crises in both underdeveloped and advanced countries.
		Once the management of climatic disasters is regarded as a global phenomenon it becomes necessary for both public and private meteorological services to work in concert, as events in one location may then occur in another; this is why joint work and collaboration are indispensable.
		For instance, the phenomena known as El Niño and La Niña (produced in the Pacific), which have led to climate change, are both closely linked to global warming.
	www.barcelona2004.org /eng/banco_del_conocimiento/documentos/ficha.cfm?idDoc=377 (890 words)

	Observations of Sea Breezes by Radar
		The conclusions drawn by Atlas are, at their fundamental level, based upon the meteorological fact that the onset of a sea breeze results in an air mass boundary across which there is an increase of vapor pressure and a decrease of temperature.
		In cases where insects respond to meteorological conditions and thus are not valid tracers of air motion, their response intensifies, rather than reduces the observed echo.
		That is, the meteorological phenomena which lead to increased reflectivity due to congregation of a large number of insects also often lead to large gradients in refractive index.
	www.atmos.washington.edu /~justin/radar_project/observat.htm (6229 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2004.03.34
		This is logically followed by the analysis of possibly more advanced employment of the science: while the poets are known for their deployment of various phenomena to either illustrative or metaphorical ends, the philosophers repeatedly employ meteorology to corroborate their cosmological views.
		The last chapter discusses the notion of various meteorological events as it emerges in the account of one of the more encyclopedic, if not particularly creative, intellects of antiquity: Pliny the Elder, who paid for his excessive interest in natural catastrophes with his own life, dying of asphyxiation during Vesuvius' eruption.
		Finally, there are the connotations of meteorological phenomena: the surviving brontologia leave us no doubt about the divinatory value of certain events.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2004/2004-03-34.html (870 words)

	PUBLIC : 26 : Feature pg2
		The reductive method abstracts from the phenomena to the singular law, form, or essence that such phenomena are held to express or make manifest.
		For both these reasons, it makes sense to maintain the integrity of the phenomena which have been witnessed when coming up with an account, if, that is, the particularity of what has been witnessed is the interesting thing, and not the elucidation of a preconceived theory.
		This is where the method of reduction and the method of multiple explanations show their central difference: the method of reduction moves, outside of time, from one level to a deeper or higher one, while the pluralist method connects occurrences across time.
	www.yorku.ca /public/public/backissu/v26_3.html (1782 words)

	Royal Meteorological Society - A Brief History
		The British Meteorological Society was not the first meteorological society to be formed in the United Kingdom.
		Five years later, another Meteorological Society of London was founded, but this, too, was shortlived, for, in the summer of 1850, its Council dissolved the Society and recommended the members to join the British Meteorological Society.
		A brief history of the Royal Meteorological Society was published by R A S Ratcliffe in Weather in July 1978 (Volume 33, pp.261-268).
	www.rmets.org /about/briefhistory.php (630 words)

	[No title]
		Aristotelian concepts of vapors and exhalations continued to inform naturalists understanding of meteorological phenomena and to provided the basis for much of investigation during the eighteenth century.
		Both episodes illustrate meteorological phenomena as hybrids of nature and society, of their role as both facts and omens.
		The Construction and Meaning of Extraordinary Meteors This chapter provides ample evidence that the geography of regions - also known as chorography - was the most important social factor in the continuing scientific importance of the meteoric tradition during the eighteenth-century.
	www.uky.edu /~vjankov/thesis.txt (831 words)

	Top Mexican Meterologist Says UFOs Were Not Ball Lightning Statement From Mexico's National Meterological Services On ...
		Answer: Meteorologically speaking, a flash is a lightning of a short duration and short intensity.
		Question: That means that the meteorological conditions were not suitable for flash lightning that day over Campeche and therefore contradicts what the UNAM scientists claimed in their report.
		If they are talking about a meteorological phenomena at that location, they should have meet with us at the National Meteorological Services to obtain the meteorological conditions just like your team did as well as other journalists.
	www.rense.com /general53/emem.htm (607 words)

	Chapter XI - From "The Prince Of The Power Of The Air" To Meteorology
		This theory, which attributed injurious meteorological phenomnena mainly to the purposes of God, was a natural development, and comparatively harmless; but at a very early period there was evolved another theory, which, having been ripened into a doctrine, cost the earth dear indeed.
		These peculiar phenomena, made much of by the allegorizing sermonizers of the day, were used in moral lessons from every pulpit.
		Luther, while never doubting that troublesome meteorological phenomena were caused by devils, regarded with contempt the idea that the demons were so childish as to be scared by the clang of bells; his theory made them altogether too powerful to be affected by means so trivial.
	www.infidels.org /library/historical/andrew_white/Chapter11.html (10335 words)

	unimetinfo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		As a consequence, a wide variety of meteorological phenomena and climatic features is experienced and, at the same time, a very long tradition of observation and study is available.
		The complexity of geographical features, the different climates, as well as the variety of meteorological problems in several parts of the Country, coupled with actual transportation difficulties, did not favour in the past a widespread scientific communication among experts and the establishment of a single association dealing with meteorology.
		In twentieth century, exactly in 1925, the responsibility of meteorological observations and weather prediction was assigned by law to the Italian Military Aviation.
	www.met.fu-berlin.de /dmg/dmg_home/unimetinfo.html (614 words)

	BBC - Weather Centre - Royal Met. Soc.
		We've worked in conjunction with the Royal Meteorological Society (the BBC is not responsible for the content of external websites) to bring you this unique and up-to-date educational tool.
		Among its 3,700 members around the world, the Society numbers not only those who earn their living through the profession of meteorology but also those whose work is affected by the weather or climate and those for whom meteorology is simply a hobby.
		Today, to quote from a leaflet produced by the Royal Meteorological Society, membership is open to "anyone with a genuine interest in observing and understanding processes and occurrences in the atmosphere, or in their effects, or in related disciplines such as agriculture, biology, climatology, hydrology, medicine and oceanography".
	www.bbc.co.uk /weather/features/royal_met_soc.shtml (690 words)

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