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Topic: Methanogen

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	methanogen
		All known methanogens are both archaeans and obligate anaerobes, that is, they cannot live in the presence of oxygen.
		Some methanogens, described as hydrotropic, use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon and hydrogen as a source of energy.
		Live methanogens were recovered from a core sample taken from 3 kilometers under Greenland by researchers from the University of California, Berkeley.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/M/methanogen.html (265 words)

	Methanogen
		As an aside, methanogenic bacteria are one of the three classes of bacteria termed Archaebacteria, which are representative of organisms that first appeared on Earth some 3.5 billion years ago.
		Oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate are all toxic or inhibitory to methanogenic activity.
		Methanogenic degradation occurs at rates that are orders of magnitude slower than the rates seen with other electron acceptors.
	2the4.net /methanogen.htm (1032 words)

	SPACE.com -- Bizarre Creature in Idaho Raises Prospects for Life on Mars
		Methanogens belong to an ancient group related to bacteria, called the archaea.
		William B. Whitman, a University of Georgia microbiologists who was not involved in the new study, said methanogens were hypothesized to exist in environments like the one studied in Idaho, but that it was unusual that they dominate the community of microbes within which they live.
		The methanogen discovery is one in a long string of findings over the past two decades showing how resilient and creative life can be.
	www.space.com /searchforlife/life_methane_020116.html (1116 words)

	Methanogen - MSN Encarta
		Methanogen, name for several bacteria that obtain energy from the metabolic production of methane gas, basically from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
		The most anaerobic—that is, living in the absence of oxygen—of all bacteria, these genera occur wherever plant material decomposes anaerobically, as in ponds, soils, and the digestive tracts of cows and other ruminants.
		The national museum of natural history in Britain, located in South Kensington, London.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572746/Methanogen.html (97 words)

	1999/2000 Research Results: 8. Green Package/Climate Change
		The goal of this study was to obtain information on methane emissions and on ruminal methanogen populations in high- and low-methane sheep and to investigate effects of died on methane emissions.
		Preliminary analysis of total methanogen populations in rumen samples using MPN-PCR procedures based on specific 16S rRNA primers revealed that ruminal digesta contained inhibitors of PCR and that the true levels of methanogens were underestimated by this analytical method.
		The development of PCR methods for quantifying specific methanogen populations and results on methane emissions from grazing sheep are being prepared for publication.
	www.maf.govt.nz /mafnet/publications/research/1999-2000-research-results/1999-2000-research-results-08.htm (870 words)

	Methanogen
		As an aside, methanogenic bacteria are one of the three classes of bacteria termed Archaebacteria, which are representative of organisms that first appeared on Earth some 3.5 billion years ago.
		While their activity is inhibited by oxygen, these bacteria are robust enough to appear in a wide variety of natural locations such as: the intestinal tracts of ruminant mammals (cows etc.), sewage digesters, groundwater and soil.
		Methanogenic degradation occurs at rates that are orders of magnitude slower than the rates seen with other electron acceptors.
	www.2the4.net /methanogen.htm (1032 words)

	Methanogens - MicrobeWiki
		Methanogens can be used to produce methane (aka natural gas, biogas) from biomass and degrade and detoxify agricultural, municipal, and industrial wastes.
		Methanogens are not just limited to these shapes, but include a plate shaped genus Methanoplanus, Methanospirillum that are long thin spirals, and Methanosarcina that are cluster of round cells.
		Methanogens are a diverse group of organisms that can live in a wide range of environments.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Methanogens (1080 words)

	METHANOGEN (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Methanogens будет archaea производит метан как метаболически субпродукт.
		Другие methanogens acetotrophic, break down ацетат для того чтобы произвести двуокись углерода и метан.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.faktoru.com /wiki/ru/me/Methanogen.htm (156 words)

	Methanogen - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Methanogen, any of a group of one-celled organisms that obtain energy from the metabolic production of methane gas, basically from carbon dioxide...
		Methanogens are archaea that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct.
		They are common in wetland, where they are responsible for marsh gas, and in the guts of animals such as ruminants and humans...
	encarta.msn.com /Methanogen.html (137 words)

	details
		Methanogen population in a marine biofilm corrosive to mild steel.
		There were 80 methanogen clones developed from the PCR-amplified DNA extracted from the biofilm on the mild steel surface.
		The hydrogenotrophic methanogens could directly cause metal corrosion through cathodic depolarization, whereas the acetotrophic methanogens grew syntrophically with corrosion-causing sulfate-reducing bacteria, as observed by fluorescent in situ hybridization, and thus contribute indirectly to metal corrosion.
	cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn /ChinaPaper/details.asp?PubMedID=12879307 (147 words)

	CNN.com - Air test suggests life possible on Mars - August 27, 2002
		The creatures, known as methanogens, survived in a thin atmosphere of hydrogen and carbon dioxide and in a special brew of volcanic ash altered to simulate the properties of martian soil, including its density, grain size and magnetic properties.
		Methanogens, which thrive in some of the most inhospitable places such as peat bogs and sea floor vents, tap their energy not from the sun but from the oxidation of inorganic matter, in their case hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
		Even if Mars does not have life, Kral speculates that if methanogens survive additional tests under more extreme conditions, they could be brought along by future colonizers to make the cold planet more comfortable for humans by releasing methane, a greenhouse gas.
	www.cnn.com /2002/TECH/space/08/27/mars.life/index.html (603 words)

	Archaebacteria Then ... Archaes Now (Are There Really No Archaeal Pathogens?) -- Reeve 181 (12): 3613 -- The Journal ...
		of bacterial auxotrophs by cloned methanogen genes (18, 84).
		and molecular biology of methanogens and of extremophiles (as
		Methanogenic bacteria as endosymbionts of the ciliate Nyctotherus ovalus in the cockroach hindgut.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/181/12/3613 (2995 words)

	Genomic evidence for two functionally distinct gene classes -- Rivera et al. 95 (11): 6239 -- Proceedings of the ...
		adjacent and that the methanogen and proteobacterial paralogs
		This scatterplot displays the distance between a methanogen gene and its cyanobacterial ortholog on the vertical axis and the distance between the methanogen gene and its yeast ortholog on the horizontal axis.
		The informational lineage (fl) is inherited entirely from a methanogen ancestor, whereas the operational lineage (gray) is inherited principally from a proteobacterial ancestor, although methanogen and cyanobacterial ancestors also make a significant contribution.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/11/6239 (3169 words)

	Methanogenium
		[ROMESSER (J.A.), WOLFE (R.S.), MAYER (F.), SPIESS (E.) and WALTHER-MAURUSCHAT (A.): Methanogenium, a new genus of marine methanogenic bacteria, and characterization of Methanogenium cariaci sp.
		[HARRIS (J.E.), PINN (P.A.) and DAVIS (R.P.): Isolation and characterization of a novel thermophilic, freshwater methanogen.
		RIVARD (C.J.) and SMITH (P.H.): Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic marine methanogenic bacterium, Methanogenium thermophilicum sp.
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /m/methanogenium.html (805 words)

	Field and laboratory studies of methane oxidation in an anoxic marine sediment: Evidence for a methanogen–sulfate ...
		Field and laboratory studies of anoxic sediments from Cape Lookout Bight, North Carolina, suggest that anaerobic methane oxidation is mediated by a consortium of methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria.
		This evidence, along with the apparent confinement of methane oxidation to sulfate-depleted sediments in the summer, indicates that methanogenic bacteria are involved in methane oxidation.
		We hypothesize that methanogens oxidize methane and produce hydrogen via a reversal of CO reduction.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/1994/94GB01800.shtml (414 words)

	CiteULike: Detection of methanogenic Archaea in peat: comparison of PCR primers targeting the mcrA gene. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Detection of methanogenic Archaea in peat: comparison of PCR primers targeting the mcrA gene.
		Methanogens (domain Archaea) have a unique role in the carbon cycle as producers of the greenhouse gas methane (CH(4)).
		The objective of this study was to compare the diversity coverage of three published mcrA primer sets MCR, ME and ML (also known as MCR and Luton-mcrA) and their ability to discern methanogen communities in a drained peatland.
	www.citeulike.org /user/Terkko/article/921435 (551 words)

	The Scientist : An Archaeal pathogen?
		Hydrogen is a byproduct of the fermentation process that occurs in anaerobic infections, yet it is growth-limiting to the organisms that produce it.
		The two organisms - methanogen and fermenter - thus have what's known as a syntrophic relationship, "a two-way cross-feeding relationship that enhances both members," Relman says.
		If methanogens really do fill such a syntrophic niche, then other hydrogen metabolizers might also be expected at sites of disease, and indeed, Relman did identify a greater proportion of treponemes, hydrogen-utilizing spirochetes, in methanogen-negative disease sites in his study.
	www.the-scientist.com /article/display/23792 (608 words)

	Methanogen diversity evidenced by molecular characterization of methyl coenzyme M reductase A (mcrA) genes in hydrotherm
		Methanogen diversity evidenced by molecular characterization of methyl coenzyme M reductase A (mcrA) genes in hydrotherm
		Methanogen diversity evidenced by molecular characterization of methyl coenzyme M reductase A (mcrA) genes in hydrothermal sediments of the Guaymas Basin.
		The methanogenic community in hydrothermally active sediments of Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) was analyzed by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) and 16S rRNA genes.
	www.galenicom.com /?ac=viewArticleMXPrint&idpm=16085853 (298 words)

	Home Page
		Based on 30 years of experience in the Anaerobic Digestion industry, Methanogen UK is able to supply the key components for digesters, some of which are exclusive to us.
		These include gas holders, heat exchangers, mixing systems, pasteurisers, control panels and kiosks, as well as digester vessels.
		Scottish MSP Jim Wallace welcomes new Methanogen digester technology in Orkney.
	www.methanogen.co.uk /index.html (116 words)

	John N. Reeve--OSU Department of Microbiology
		Archaea are prokaryotes, many of which are unusual and live in extreme environments, such as the boiling water surrounding volcanic vents, in saturated salt solutions, and in the complete absence of oxygen.
		We are investigating the molecular biology of methane-producing Archaea that grow at temperatures up to 98 C. We have the sequenced the genome of a thermophilic methanogen and discovered that the expression of many genes involved in methane biosynthesis is regulated by environmental hydrogen availability.
		In collaboration with our colleagues at the OSU Byrd Polar Research Center, we are isolating and characterizing microorganisms and nucleic acids that have been trapped, frozen for thousands of years, in glacial ice-cores collected from geographically remote and diverse alpine and polar regions, including Lake Vostoc.
	www.osumicrobiology.org /faculty/jreeve.htm (643 words)

	Application of a Colorimetric Assay to Identify Putative Ribofuranosylaminobenzene 5'-Phosphate Synthase Genes ...
		This is the first direct biochemical identification of a methanogen gene that codes for an active RFAP synthase.
		RFAP synthase has recently been purified to homogeneity from the methanogen Methanosarcina thermophila, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence used to identify homologs in the genomes of other organisms, including methanogens, non-methanogenic archaea, and the bacterium M.
		However, the enzyme was not purified to homogeneity, and attempts to verify the function of methanogen genes failed because the proteins formed inactive inclusion bodies when produced in Escherichia coli (12; M. Bechard and M. Rasche, unpublished data).
	www.biologicalprocedures.com /bpo/arts/1/48/m48.htm (5296 words)

	JGI Methanococcoides burtonii DSM 6242 Home
		Nichols, P.D. and Franzmann, P.D. Unsaturated diether phospholipids in the Antarctic methanogen Methanococcoides burtonii.
		Thomas, T. and Cavicchioli, R. Effect of temperature on the stability and activity of the elongation factor 2 proteins from low-temperature adapted and thermophilic methanogens.
		Mancuso, C.A., Franzmann, P.D., Burton, H.R. and Nichols, P.D. Microbial community structure and biomass estimates of a methanogenic Antarctic Lake ecosystem as determined by phospholipid analyses.
	genome.jgi-psf.org /draft_microbes/metbu/metbu.home.html (535 words)

	Methanogenesis Definition Page
		Methanogenesis is the production of CH and CO by biological processes that are carried out by methanogens.
		A methanogen is a single celled microorganism that produces methane (CH) and carbon dioxide (CO), and it is a member of the Archaea.
		Methanogenic microorganisms produce CH by the fermentation of simple organic carbon compounds or oxidation of H
	toxics.usgs.gov /definitions/methanogenesis.html (280 words)

	Amazon.com: methanogen (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The impact of sludge amendment on methanogen community structure in an upland soil by S.K. Sheppard, A.J. McCarthy, J.P. Loughnane, and N.D. Gray (Feb 2005)
		Toxicity of copper to acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic activities of methanogens and sulfate reducers in anaerobic sludge by S. Karri, R. Sierra-Alvarez, and J.A. Field
		Study of methanogens by genetic techniques: A subcontract progress report by L Baresi (Unknown Binding - 1984)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=methanogen&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (899 words)

	Steady-State and Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of F420 Extracted from Methanogen Cells and Its Utility as a Marker for ...
		Steady-State and Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of F420 Extracted from Methanogen Cells and Its Utility as a Marker for Fecal Contamination
		Methanogenic bacteria, which are common inhabitants of the animal digestive tract, contain the fluorescent compound F420 (coenzyme 420), a 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin chromophore.
		Further investigation using front-faced fluorescence techniques has shown that emission from F420 can be collected efficiently from samples of methanogen cell cultures as well as from fecal material.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jafcau/2001/49/i03/abs/jf000689r.html (287 words)

	WASTE DIGESTER DESIGN, University of Florida Civil Engineering
		Since the reaction rate involving the acid-forming bacteria proceeds much faster than the reaction involving methanogens, a larger population of methanogens must be nurtured and maintained.
		The methanogen population may not be sufficient to consume the acid produced and maintain a neutral pH.
		In order to allow the methanogen population to grow, digesters are initially fed very small amounts and are often buffered by raising the alkalinity.
	www.ce.ufl.edu /activities/waste/wddstu.html (1504 words)

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