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Topic: Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus

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	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Staphylococcus bacteria are extremely common in the environment (and a third of humans world-wide are estimated to carry it on their bodies and are not harmed by it), and is usually not a problem to healthy individuals.
		Methicillin resistance arises by acquisition of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome SCCmec, and is conferred by the mecA gene.
		MRSA causes as many as 20% of Staphylococcus aureus infections in populations that use intravenous drugs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus (1919 words)

	Staphylococcus aureus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		aureus may occur as a commensal on human skin (particularly the scalp, armpits and groins); it also occurs in the nose (in about 25% of the population) and throat and less commonly, may be found in the colon and in urine.
		aureus may be required to undergo "eradication therapy" usually which may include antiseptic washes and shampoos (such as chlorhexidine) and application of topical antibiotic ointments (such as mupirocin or neomycin) to the anterior nares of the nose.
		aureus with a strain modified to lack the yellow coloration, the pigmented strain was more likely to survive dousing with an oxidizing chemical such as hydrogen peroxide than the mutant strain was.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus (1386 words)

	Epidemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Dramatically Increased Risk for Circumcised Newborn Boys
		Staphylococcus aureus infection was often fatal in the pre-antibiotic era.
		Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection in newborn nursery patients.
		Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains causing neonatal toxic shock syndrome-like exanthematous disease in neonatal and perinatal wards.
	www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org /DOC/mrsa.html (2338 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusprevalence: Current susceptibility patterns in ...
		This study was undertaken to analyze the prevalence of methicillin resistance among isolates at a regional hospital in Trinidad, and document the current resistance profile of MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) to the commonly used anti-staphylococcal agents.
		aureus strains (4.5%) were from patients with pneumonia, 201 (8.3%) from the blood of patients with sepsis and 95 (4.0%) from patients with eye infections.
		Hanumanthappa AR, Chandrappa NR, Rajasekharappa MG: Prevalence of methicilli-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Karnataka.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2334/6/83 (3358 words)

	Genetic Relationship between Methicillin-Sensitive and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains from France ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Esterase electrophoretic polymorphism of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
		The evolution of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: similarity of genetic backgrounds in historically early methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates and contemporary epidemic clones.
		Witte, W. Staphylococcus aureus strains of the 94/96 complex isolated in the German democratic republic: incidence and discrimination of strain clones.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/41/7/2946 (3810 words)

	Clinical Reviews
		Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is gaining notoriety as a grave nosocomial pathogen responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality.
		Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and infection in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
		An outbreak of mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on a dermatology ward associated with an environmental reservoir.
	www.ascp.com /publications/tcp/1997/may/mupirocin.html (3675 words)

	An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in dermatology indoor patients Sachdev D, ...
		Staphylococcus aureus strains which are resistant to these drugs are referred to as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
		Methicillin resistance among isolates of Staphylococcus aureus: antibiotic sensitivity pattern and phage typing.
		Morbidity and mortality of an endemic pathogen: methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
	www.ijdvl.com /article.asp?issn=0378-6323;year=2003;volume=69;issue=6;spage=377;epage=380;aulast=Sachdev (1600 words)

	Staphylococcus aureus infections in Australasian neonatal nurseries -- Isaacs et al. 89 (4): F331 -- Archives of ...
		Evolution of an endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus population in an Australian hospital from 1967 to 1996.
		Resistance to methicillin in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from blood and cerebrospinal fluid in Wales, 1993–1997.
		Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a Malaysian hospital.
	fn.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/4/F331 (2835 words)

	CDC - Co-trimoxazole–Sensitive, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Israel, 1988–1997
		Among bloodstream methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from adult patients in a single hospital, susceptibility to co-trimoxazole increased progressively from 31% in 1988 to 92% in 1997 (p<0.0001).
		Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Belgian hospitals: 2001.
		In vitro and in vivo efficacy of the combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol9no9/02-0666.htm (1263 words)

	Genetic Variation among Hospital Isolates of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus: Evidence for Horizontal ...
		Staphylococcus aureus strains often carry in their genomes virulence genes that are not found in all strains and that may
		Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages mediating the simultaneous lysogenic conversion of beta-lysin, staphylokinase and enterotoxin A: molecular mechanism of triple conversion.
		Nucleotide sequence of the gene for a fibronectin-binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus: use of this peptide sequence in the synthesis of biologically active peptides.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/39/8/2760 (5505 words)

	Staphyloccccus aureus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		botryomycosis : a chronic purulent granulomatous bacterial infection usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, originally thought to be due to fungi called “botryomycetes,” characterized by lesions containing sulfur granules composed of a central mass of bacteria surrounded by a capsule, and histologically resembling actinomycosis or mycetoma.
		Human infection is usually localized to the skin but may involve other organs such as the viscera and lymph nodes, especially in debilitated patients; infection in domestic animals most often occurs as chronic, localized or spreading abscesses of the skin.
		aureus isolated from foods, as well as methods for the separation and detection of toxins in foods, have been developed, and used successfully, to aid in the diagnosis of the illness.
	focosi.altervista.org /pathobacteria_Staph_aureus.html (2103 words)

	RCN: MRSA. Health care staff and employers - About MRSA: What is MRSA?
		Staphylococcus aureua is an organism that colonises the skin, particularly the nose, skin folds, hairline, perineum and navel.
		Staphylococcus aureus is an organism that colonises the skin, particularly the anterior nares, skin folds, hairline, perineum and umbilicus.
		Although methicillin is no longer used to treat patients, it is still used to test for susceptibility to flucloxacillin - methicillin resistance means the same as flucloxacillin resistance.
	www.rcn.org.uk /resources/mrsa/healthcarestaff/mrsa/whatismrsa.php (538 words)

	Method for distinguishing methicillin resistant s. aureus from methicillin sensitive s. aureus in a mixed culture ...
		The present invention provides isolated oligonucleotides and methods for detecting a methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a sample, including a sample that comprises nucleic acid molecules of higher biological complexity than that of amplified nucleic acid molecules.
		July: 2879-83), the use of PCR for detection of antimicrobial resistance is fraught with risk, including the possibility of inhibition of the amplification process because of the quality of the patient sample (Paule et al., 2003, J. Clin.
		In one aspect of the invention, the MRSA is detected with oligonucleotide probes having sequences that are complementary to the left junction of the mecA gene cassette insertion site, including part of the mecA gene cassette sequence and part of the Staphylococcus aureus sequence in the region of insertion.
	www.freshpatents.com /Method-for-distinguishing-methicillin-resistant-s--aureus-from-methicillin-sensitive-s--aureus-in-a-mixed-culture-dt20060316ptan20060057613.php (2146 words)

	EW Supplement 2004-10-01: Fourth-generation fluoroquinolones are effective against MRSA
		Staphylococcus epidermidis(MRSE) to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) or methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis(MSSE) In the systemic world, it is well documented that patients with MRSA infections do worse than patients with MSSA.
		The time range for re-epithelialization was three to 55 days for MSSA infections, with a mean of eight days, and three to 15 days for MSSE infections, with a mean of eight days.
		The time range for infiltrate resolution for MSSA infections was six to 93 days, with a mean of 19 days, and the time range for infiltrate resolution for MSSE infections was three to 22 days, with a mean of seven days.
	www.eyeworld.org /ewweeksupplementarticle.php?id=11 (960 words)

	Critical Care \| Full text \| Morbidity and cost burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusin early onset ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of VAP in Europe and ranks alongside Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most prevalent cause of VAP in US hospitals [6,7].
		aureus was the most frequent organism isolated in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of VAP (31%; Figure 1), followed by P aeruginosa (21%), Haemophilus influenzae (12%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8%), and Escherichia coli (6%).
		Compared with patients with VAP due to MSSA or Gram-negative organisms, patients with VAP due to MRSA were older, were more likely to have congestive heart failure or immunosuppression as a comorbidity, were more likely to be medical patients, and were less likely to be admitted to a trauma or surgical unit.
	ccforum.com /content/10/3/R97 (3765 words)

	A Link Between Virulence and Ecological Abundance in Natural Populations of Staphylococcus aureus -- Day et al. 292 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of severe infection in humans and yet is carried without symptoms by a large proportion
		Staphylococcus aureus Carriage Patterns and the Risk of Infections Associated with Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis.
		Widespread Dissemination in The Netherlands of the Epidemic Berlin Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clone with Low-Level Resistance to Oxacillin.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/292/5514/114 (1061 words)

	Reporting Form
		aureus, nosocomial vancomycin sensitive enterococci, and nosocomial enterococci isolates.
		aureus) and enterococci and the isolates corresponding methicillin or vancomycin sensitivity; irrespective of location or of other anti-microbial sensitivity(ies).
		Intermediate methicillin or vancomycin sensitivity shall be reported as resistant (i.e., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), respectively).
	www.dhss.mo.gov /MRSA_VRE/ReportingForm.html (173 words)

	Control and treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Canadian paediatric healthcare institutions
		As methicillin sensitive S aureus infections respond more rapidly to beta-lactam antibiotics than to vancomycin, empiric therapy for severe infection should include a beta-lactam as well, pending microbiology results.
		Community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with antibiotic use and the cytotoxin Panton-Valentine leukocidin during a furunculosis outbreak in rural Alaska.
		A comparison of clinical virulence of nosocomially acquired methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infections in a university hospital.
	www.cps.ca /english/statements/ID/ID06-01.htm (3620 words)

	eMJA: Risk of death from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a meta-analysis
		The difference that Whitby et al observed between the groups of patients with MRSA and MSSA bacteraemia could be accounted for by the difference in LOS between these groups.
		aureus]" and "separating the effect of the bacteraemia per se from the effects of patients' underlying disease and treatment is a major problem when comparing outcomes".
		Risk factors influencing clinical outcome in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a Turkish University hospital.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/176_04_180202/hur_whi_letter.html (1092 words)

	Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the intensive care unit -- Haddadin et al. 78 (921): 385 -- ...
		Epidemiology of nosocomial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
		Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a causative agent of postoperative intra-abdominal infection: relation to nasal colonization.
		Methicillin resistance in staphylococci: molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications.
	pmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/78/921/385 (5812 words)

	Methicillin Resistance as a Risk Factor for Mortality in S. Aureus Bacteremia: Presented at ECCMID (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Most of the patients showed a single risk factor (MRSA, 61%; MSSA, 52%; P =.185), and although the entry portal of the bacteremia via skin/soft tissues was significantly less prevalent in the MRSA patients (5% vs. 18%; P =.001), all of the other sources of infection were similarly distributed across the 2 groups.
		After controlling for other factors, methicillin resistance remained a significant risk factor for 14-day mortality for patients with MRSA BSI, Dr. Cunney stressed, although age, length of stay, and other factors become more significant for in-hospital and 30-day mortality.
		This study thus indicates the need for early identification of methicillin resistance in this population, and highlights the way in which such enhanced surveillance analyses can be used to determine the most appropriate measures for the control of MRSA infections, he concluded.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/25991e.htm (704 words)

	Eradication of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus by "ring fencing" of elective orthopaedic beds -- Biant et ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Eradication of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus by "ring fencing" of elective orthopaedic beds -- Biant et al.
		Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an organism
		PBP2a and is resistant to methicillin and oxacillin.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/329/7458/149 (1613 words)

	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in First Nations communities in Canada
		Carriage rates for S aureus, sensitivity not specified, have been identified as 30% to 50% for intermittent carriage and 10% to 20% for persistent carriage (7,8).
		Dissemination of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in the community.J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:4289-94.
		Epidemiology and clonality of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Minnesota, 1996-1998.
	www.cps.ca /english/statements/II/FNIH05-02.htm (1788 words)

	Efficacy of Dalbavancin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Rat Granuloma Pouch Infection Model ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Efficacies of single doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg of dalbavancin per kg against MSSA (a) and MRSA (b) strains in the rat granuloma pouch.
		Efficacies of single doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg of linezolid per kg against MSSA (a) and of 50, 100, and 200 mg of linezolid per kg against MRSA (b) in the rat granuloma pouch.
		Evidence for a continuum of decreased vancomycin susceptibility in unselected Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/48/4/1118 (3027 words)

	Co-trimoxazole-sensitive, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Israel, 1988-1997 - Dispatches Emerging ...
		Plates were incubated at 30[degrees]C for 18 h and 40 h for methicillin (5 [micro]g/disk) and at 37[degrees]C for 18 h for other antibiotics.
		These findings are in contrast with trends of increasing resistance of S. aureus to a variety of anti-staphylococcal drugs other than co-trimoxazole, since the beginning of the antibiotic era.
		A controlled comparative trial of intravenous co-trimoxazole versus intravenous vancomycin in 101 cases of severe S. aureus infections in intravenous drug users was conducted by Markowitz et al.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_9_9/ai_108647594 (884 words)

	European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
		Despite the introduction of new antimicrobials to treat resistant gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a therapeutic challenge for the clinician.
		Tigecycline's MIC50/MIC90 of 0.12/0.25 mcg/mL, respectively, against MSSA was similar to imipenem and minocycline and 4/8 fold lower than the remaining comparative agents.
		aureus were inhibited by tigecycline at an MIC of 1 mcg/mL regardless of methicillin phenotype.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /eccmid15/abstract.asp?id=36658 (337 words)

	Hospital mortality for patients with bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa - critical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Study objectives: To evaluate the relationship between hospital mortality and bloodstream infections due to Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
		(2-6) Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common and important causes of bloodstream infection due to their increasing antimicrobial resistance and presence of virulence factors associated with excess mortality.
		Due to the clinical importance of bloodstream infections due to S aureus and P aeruginosa, we performed a prospective cohort study that had two main goals.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_2_125/ai_113852563 (707 words)

	Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) - New York State Department of Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		MRSA refers to a type of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) that is resistant to many antibiotics.
		Although MRSA cannot be effectively treated with antibiotics such as methicillin, nafcillin, cephalosporin or penicillin, it can usually be treated with an antibiotic called vancomycin.
		Recently, however, a few strains of Staphylococcus aureus have even developed some degree of resistance to vancomycin.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/mrsa.htm (427 words)

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