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Topic: Methionine

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	Methionine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The methionine derivative S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) serves as a methyl donor.
		Methionine is one of only two amino acids encoded by a single codon (AUG) in the standard genetic code (tryptophan, encoded by UGG, is the other).
		As a consequence, methionine is incorporated into the N-terminal position of all proteins in eukaryotes and archaea during translation, although it is usually removed by post-translational modification.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Methionine (212 words)

	Body Detoxification, Alternative Health Supplements, Remedies, L-Methionine Products
		Methionine is one of the essential sulfur amino acids.
		As what is called a "methyl donor", methionine contributes to the formation of numerous important compounds in your body.
		Methionine functions as a sulfur donor to aid in your body's detoxification processes & can convert to other sulfur amino acids; can convert to glutathione, & is a precursor to S-adenosyl methionine.
	www.thewayup.com /products/0058.htm (237 words)

	Methionine : L-Methionine amino acid supplement
		It is abbreviated as Met and its one-letter abbreviation is M. The terms L-methionine and methionine are used interchangeably.
		Adequate methionine prevents disorders of the hair, skin and nails; helps lower cholesterol levels by increasing the liver's production of lecithin; reduces liver fat and protects the kidneys.
		Methionine is a natural chelating agent for heavy metals and helps detoxify the body of these metals.
	www.greatvistachemicals.com /amino_acids/L-methionine.html (453 words)

	Encyclopedia: Methionine
		Methionine and cysteine are the only sulfur containing proteinogenic amino acids.
		S-adenosyl methionine is an enzymatic cofactor involved in methyl group transfers.
		Formylmethionine Formylmethionine (fMet) is a modified form of methionine in which a formyl group has been added to methionines amino group.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Methionine (1403 words)

	AllRefer.com - methionine (Biochemistry) - Encyclopedia
		Methionine reacts with adenosine triphosphate to form S-adenosyl methionine, a potent donor of methyl groups (composed of one carbon and three hydrogen atoms); S-adenosyl methionine is the principal methyl donor in the body and contributes to the synthesis of many important substances, including epinephrine and choline (see acetylcholine; vitamin).
		Since methionine is the only essential amino acid not present in significant amounts of soybeans, it is produced commercially as an additive for soybean meal.
		Methionine was isolated from casein (milk protein) in 1922, and its structure was proved by laboratory synthesis in 1928.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/methioni.html (231 words)

	S-adenosyl-L-methionine(S-adenosylmethionine, SAM, SAMe) Bibliography
		Treatment with methyl donors (betaine, methionine and SAMe) is associated with remyelination in patients with inborn errors of folate and C-1 (one-carbon) metabolism.
		Methionine adenosyltransferase has been reported to be underactive in depression and schizophrenia and overactive in mania.
		This study reports the effects on erythrocyte methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) kinetics (Vmax) of a 2-week treatment in a population of patients housed on a psychiatric research ward.
	www.psycom.net /depression.central.same.html (3651 words)

	Methionine
		Methionine is one of the essential amino acids (building blocks of protein), meaning that it cannot be produced by the body, and must be provided by the diet.
		Methionine also belongs to a group of compounds called lipotropics, or chemicals that help the liver process fats (lipids).
		Vegetarians can obtain methionine from whole grains, but beans are a relatively poor source of this amino acid.
	www.pcccooks.com /health/Supp/Methionine.htm (831 words)

	methionine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Methionine is particularly important because it supplies sulfur--a mineral--that helps to maintain healthy skin tone, well-conditioned hair, and strong nails.
		Methionine is thought to keep fat from building up in the liver, and it's often included in liver-detoxifying products called lipotropic combinations.
		Methionine in lipotropic combinations has been proposed for treating endometriosis, a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue from the uterine lining grow outside the uterus.
	www.wholehealthmd.com /refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10084,00.html (337 words)

	\| Methionine, SAMe, S-Adenodylmethionine \| Wellfx.com Infobase \|
		Methionine is an essential amino acid that assists in the breakdown of fats, helping to prevent a buildup of fat in the liver and arteries that might obstruct blood flow to the brain, heart, and kidneys.
		For women who are on oral contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy, the nutrients (methionine and SAMe) help the liver to convert the stronger, more carcinogenic estradiol into estriol, a safe form of the female hormone that is associated with a lesser cancer risk.
		Because the body uses methionine to derive a brainfood called choline, it is wise to supplement the diet with choline or lecithin to ensure that the supply of methionine is not depleted.
	www.wellfx.com /InfoBase/vitamin_methionine_.html (1037 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine: Methionine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Methionine is considered essential because it cannot be manufactured in the body and must be obtained through diet.
		Methionine may improve memory recall in persons with AIDS-related nervous system degeneration, and SAMe may be used in the treatment of HIV-related motor and sensory changes in the extremities.
		Methionine in combination with several antioxidants may reduce pain and recurrences of attacks of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0005/ai_2603000523 (1202 words)

	Poultry Science: Interrelationship Between Methionine and Cystine of Early Peking Ducklings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Methionine is the first-limiting amino acid in poultry diet, but there has been little research on the methionine requirements of early ducklings.
		This pattern suggested that the change in BW gain of the ducklings due to a change in dietary methionine was associated with the regulation of the feed intake and excess methionine caused an imbalance in the diet's amino acid profile, which altered feed intake.
		Therefore, the optimal methionine requirement of Peking ducklings from hatch to 21 d of age was 0.481% (95% of the level at maximum response).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4109/is_200410/ai_n9460079 (1417 words)

	MotherNature.com - Methionine
		Methionine (2 grams per day) in combination with several antioxidants, reduced pain and recurrences of attacks of pancreatitis in a small but well-controlled trial.
		Animal studies suggest that diets high in methionine, in the presence of B-vitamin deficiencies, may increase the risk for atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) by increasing blood levels of cholesterol and a compound called homocysteine.
		Excessive methionine intake, together with inadequate intake of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, can increase the conversion of methionine to homocysteine—a substance linked to heart disease and stroke.
	www.guidetoherbs.com /Library/Ency/Index.cfm/Id/2884008 (984 words)

	Methionine & Homocysteine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The metabolic pathways of choline, methionine, and methyl-folate are interrelated, intersecting at the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine.
		Methionine is effective in the treatment of some of these patients; however betaine was shown to restore CSF S-adenosylmethionine levels to normal and to prevent the progress of neurological symptoms in all patients in whom it was tried.
		Due to its impact on the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine and the increased levels of betaine found in rat fetuses supplemented with choline, it is likely that supplementation of choline or its metabolites, such as PC or betaine, may play a critical role in optimizing human development as well.
	www.thorne.com /altmedrev/fulltext/meth1-4.html (6859 words)

	Methionine
		Methionine is an essential amino acid—one of the building blocks of proteins and peptides that your body cannot manufacture from other chemicals.
		The body uses methionine to manufacture creatine and uses the sulfur in methionine for normal metabolism and growth.
		Like other amino acids, methionine may interfere with the absorption or action of the drug levodopa, which is used for Parkinson's disease.
	healthlibrary.epnet.com /GetContent.aspx?token=e0498803-7f62-4563-8d47-5fe33da65dd4&chunkiid=21792 (597 words)

	Methionine Research by Ray Sahelian, MD.
		An adequate supply of of cysteine spares methionine, that is, it decreases the amount of methionine that must be degrades to produce cysteine.
		Methionine residues and cysteine residues of proteins are particularly sensitive to oxidation by ROS.
		Oxidation of methionine residues leads to the formation of both R- and S-stereoisomers of methionine sulfoxide and most cells contain stereospecific methionine sulfoxide reductases that catalyze the thioredoxin-dependent reduction of MetO residues back to methionine residues.
	www.raysahelian.com /methionine.html (608 words)

	Increasing Methionine in Soybeans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The methionine biosynthetic enzymes and free and protein methionine levels will be measured in various parts of soybean plants throughout growth to determine where methionine is being synthesized and accumulated and if the biosynthetic enzymes are limiting in any part of the plant.
		The methionine biosynthetic pathway in higher plants shown in Figure 1 is the same as that of bacteria except that apparently O-phosphohomoserine rather than the acetyl or succinyl derivative is the cystathionine precursor (Datko et al.
		The effect of increased levels of free methionine on the accumulation in seed and seed protein likewise are unstudied.
	www.ag.uiuc.edu /~stratsoy/ispob_db/lor_html/150.html (2638 words)

	Regulation of cell function by methionine oxidation and reduction -- Hoshi and Heinemann 531 (1): 1 -- The Journal of ...
		Substitution of a methionine residue in the pore segment of the channel with less readily oxidized leucine essentially eliminated the oxidant sensitivity, suggesting that oxidation of this methionine residue acts as a control switch for the two components in P/C-type inactivation.
		Besides the prominent role of methionine oxidation and enzyme-mediated reduction in ageing and age-related degenerative diseases, increasing evidence is being compiled supporting the role of methionine oxidation and reduction in the regulation of cell function under physiological conditions.
		Thus, the functional roles of the oxidation of methionine residues and their reduction, catalysed by methionine sulfoxide reductase, need to be examined as a potential regulator of cellular function in a variety of physiological systems.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/531/1/1 (8125 words)

	Methionine (L-Methionine) \| Principal Health News
		Methionine is an essential amino acid -- one of the building blocks of proteins and peptides that your body cannot manufacture from other chemicals.
		Deficiency is unlikely, because enough methionine is generally available from the diet.
		However, in this particular study the action of methionine was more to fight acetaminophen specifically than to protect the liver in general.
	www.principalhealthnews.com /topic/topic100587837 (464 words)

	Selection of Soybean Mutants with Increased Concentrations of Seed Methionine and Cysteine -- Imsande 41 (2): 510 -- ...
		Methionine and sulfate increase a Bowman-Birk-type protease inhibitor and its messenger RNA in soybeans.
		Isolation of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, mto1, that overaccumulates soluble methionine.
		Maternal effects of mto1 mutation, that causes overaccumulation of soluble methionine, on the expression of a soybean ß-conglycinin gene promoter-gus fusion in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.
	crop.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/41/2/510 (3705 words)

	Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Treatment, Methionine
		Methionine transforms into SAMe (s-adenodylmethionine), as much as 8 grams per day, a much more effective methyl donor that seems to yield better clinical results.
		A British study on Chronic Fatigue syndrome pointed to methionine and SAMe as part of the right treatment.
		This information is not medical advice or diagnosis, nor is it to be construed as medical advice, medical information, medical diagnosis, or medical prescription for curing, removing, or preventing any disease, or related symptoms.
	www.wellfx.com /InfoBase/vit_methionine_.htm (1047 words)

	Comparative genomics of the methionine metabolism in Gram-positive bacteria: a variety of regulatory systems -- ...
		Different parts of the pathway are marked by colors: methionine biosynthesis, red and magenta; SAM synthesis, fl; methionine salvage, gray; SAM recycling, green; reverse transsulfuration pathway for cysteine synthesis, brown; methionine and methylthioribose transport, blue.
		methionine regulons and reconstruction of the metabolic pathways
		Sekowska,A. and Danchin,A. ((2002)) The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
	nar.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/32/11/3340 (6480 words)

	Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A (MsrA) Deficiency Affects the Survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis within Macrophages ...
		Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrA) is a virulence determinant in Mycoplasma genitalium.
		Selenoprotein R is a zinc-containing stereo-specific methionine sulfoxide reductase.
		Methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrA) is a regulator of antioxidant defense and lifespan in mammals.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/11/3590 (5373 words)

	Multiple methionine sulfoxide reductase genes in Staphylococcus aureus: expression of activity and roles in tolerance ...
		Multiple methionine sulfoxide reductase genes in Staphylococcus aureus: expression of activity and roles in tolerance of oxidative stress -- Singh and Moskovitz 149 (10): 2739 -- Microbiology
		Multiple methionine sulfoxide reductase genes in Staphylococcus aureus: expression of activity and roles in tolerance of oxidative stress
		Abbreviations: MetO, methionine sulfoxide; Msr, methionine sulfoxide reductase
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/149/10/2739 (389 words)

	Regulation of cell function by methionine oxidation and reduction -- Hoshi and Heinemann 531 (1): 1 -- The Journal of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Methionine sulfoxide reductase, which reduces methionine sulfoxide to methionine in a thioredoxin-dependent manner, is therefore not only an enzyme important for the repair of age- or degenerative disease-related protein modifications.
		Oxidation of Ikappa Balpha at Methionine 45 Is One Cause of Taurine Chloramine-induced Inhibition of NF-kappa B Activation
		Methionine oxidation and its effect on the stability of a reconstituted subunit of the light-harvesting complex from Rhodospirillum rubrum
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/531/1/1 (926 words)

	In Vivo Analysis of Various Substrates Utilized by Cystathionine {gamma}-Synthase and O-Acetylhomoserine Sulfhydrylase ...
		Methionine and threonine biosynthesis pathways in Escherichia coli (A), Leptospira meyeri (B), and Arabidopsis thaliana (C).
		Molecular characterization and sequence of a methionine biosynthetic locus from Pseudomonas syringae.
		Methionine biosynthesis in enterobacteriaceae: biochemical, regulatory, and evolutionary aspects.
	mbe.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/20/9/1513 (3639 words)

	Methionine Sulfoxide Reduction in Mammals: Characterization of Methionine-R-Sulfoxide Reductases -- Kim and Gladyshev ...
		Bar-Noy, S., and Moskovitz, J. Mouse methionine sulfoxide reductase B: effect of selenocysteine incorporation on its activity and expression of the seleno-containing enzyme in bacterial and mammalian cells.
		Etienne, F., Spector, D., Brot, N., and Weissbach, H. A methionine sulfoxide reductase in Escherichia coli that reduces the R enantiomer of methionine sulfoxide.
		Levine, R.L., Moskovitz, J., and Stadtman, E.R. Oxidation of methionine in proteins: roles in antioxidant defense and cellular regulation.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/3/1055 (5060 words)

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