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	CalendarHome.com - Metonic cycle - Calendar Encyclopedia
		The Metonic cycle or Enneadecaeteris in astronomy and calendar studies is a particular approximate common multiple of the tropical year and the synodic month.
		Traditionally (in the ancient Babylonian, Hebrew, and Attic calendars), the years: 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19, are the long (13-month) years of the Metonic cycle.
		Meton approximated the cycle to a whole number (6940) of days, obtained by 125 long months of 30 days and 110 short months of 29 days.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Metonic_cycle.htm (377 words)

	Metonic cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Metonic cycle or Enneadecaeteris in astronomy and calendar studies is a particular approximate common multiple of the year (specifically, the seasonal i.e.
		Traditionally (in the ancient Babylonian, Hebrew, and Attic calendars), the years: 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19, are the long (13-month) years of the Metonic cycle.
		Meton approximated the cycle to a whole number (6940) of days, obtained by 125 long months of 30 days and 110 short months of 29 days.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Metonic_calendar (534 words)

	Ethiopian calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ethiopian calendar or Ethiopic calendar is the principal calendar used in Ethiopia.
		It is based on the old Alexandrian calendar, which is based on the even older Egyptian calendar, but like the Julian calendar adds a leap day added every four years without exception, and begins the year on August 29 or August 30 in the Julian calendar.
		This is because in AD 525, Dionysius Exiguus decided to add 15 Metonic cycles to the existing 13 Metonic cycles of the Diocletian Era (15x19 + 13x19 = 532) to obtain an entire 532-year medieval Easter cycle, whose first cycle ended with the year Era of Martyrs 247 (= 13x19) equal to year DXXXI.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ethiopian_calendar (806 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Metonic cycle or Enneadecaeteris in astronomy and calendar studies is a particular approximate common multiple of the year (specifically, the seasonal i.e.
		Traditionally (in the ancient Attic and Babylonian calendars, as well as in the Hebrew calendar), the years: 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19, are the long (13-month) years of the Metonic cycle.
		It is interesting to note that the Baha'i calendar, established in the middle of the 19th century, is also based on cycles of 19 years.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Metonic_cycle (767 words)

	Astronomical Time Keeping
		In astronomy and for historical purposes the Julian calendar is also applied to epochs earlier than the year 46 BC when this calendar was not yet defined and the people of that time could not know their date in it.
		Calendar of the French revolution: This calendar was designed by S. Marechal in 1787 and established in post-revolutionary France on October 5, 1793.
		Civilian calendar of the Federal Republic of Germany: With typical German thoroughness, this calendar is standardized in the norm DIN 1355.
	www.maa.mhn.de /Scholar/calendar.html (3253 words)

	Calendars and their History
		This calendar is the official calendar of Israel and is the liturgical calendar of the Jewish faith.
		Since the calendar is based on the true positions of the Sun and Moon, the accuracy of the calendar depends on the accuracy of the astronomical theories and calculations.
		In China the calendar was a sacred document, spopnsored and promulgated by the reigning monarch.
	astro.nmsu.edu /~lhuber/leaphist.html (8496 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Epact
		She wishes merely to ensure that the fourteenth day of the calendar moon shall fall on or shortly after the real fourteenth day but never before it, since it would be chronologically absurd to keep Easter on or before the Passover.
		Clavius's estimate of the accuracy of the calendar, in the compilations of which he took such a leading part, is extremely modest, and the seats assigned by him to the new moons tally with strict astronomical findings in a degree which he seems never to have anticipated.
		Meton's theory, as adopted by the Church until the year 1582, might be briefly expressed as follows: The average Lunar Cycle consists of,
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05480b.htm (3223 words)

	Woodward Family Tree 1700-2006 England
		Their calendar had 12 lunar months each of 30 days in length and they added extra months every now and then to keep it in line with the seasons.
		The Republican Calendar didn't match the solar cycle and by 46 BC the Roman festivals, especially the equinox, were out of sync with the seasons.
		Despite the introduction of the Julian Calendar, the calculation of 365 ¼ days for the solar year, based on a figure of 365 days, 5 hours and 48 minutes, proved to be some 11 minutes and 14 seconds too long.
	home.clara.net /gwoodward/family/guides/calendar.htm (2141 words)

	Babylonian, Jewish, Muslim, Luni-Solar, Indian, Iranian Calendars
		Against the Metonic year, that is only off a day in 12,555 years, at least four times as accurate as the Gregorian calendar, and even more accurate for the Moon than the purely lunar Islâmic calendar.
		For a lunar calendar adjusting to the solar year, the best approximations (by continued fractions) to the difference between twelve synodic months and the tropical year would be to add one month every three years, three every eight, four every eleven, seven every nineteen, or 123 every 334.
		While the religious Islâmic calendar is of course used in Irân, the ancient solar calendar also continues to be used as a civil calendar.
	www.friesian.com /calendar.htm (8375 words)

	The Calender
		The most successful of these is the "Metonic" calender, named after the Greek Meton, who noted that adding 7 months in the course of 19 years kept the calendar almost exactly in step with the seasons.
		It is still used by Jews, on whose calendar each month begins at or near the new moon, when the Moon's position in the sky is nearest to the Sun's.
		"Tibaldo and the Hole in the Calendar" by Abner Shimony, 165 pp, Copernicus 1998.
	www.iki.rssi.ru /magbase/REFMAN/STARGAZE/Scalend.htm (1468 words)

	Overview of Calendars
		The Gregorian calendar was not instituted until October 15, 1582 (or October 5, 1582 in the Julian calendar).
		This lead to an 11 day shift in the calendar with respect to the seasons by the 16th century when the Gregorian calendar was created to replace the Julian calendar.
		The calendar was created in 46 B.C., but the details did not stabilize until at least 8 A.D., and perhaps as late at the 4th century.
	www.rosettacalendar.com /calendars.html (1572 words)

	Metonic Cycle
		The Metonic Cycle is a period of about 6939.6 days, the approximate length of both 235 consecutive lunations and 19 solar years.
		Meton, an Athenian who lived in the middle of the fifth century B.C., is the cycle's namesake.
		The Metonic cycle was improved by Hipparchus and Callipus of Cyzius (c.
	www.12x30.net /metonic.html (419 words)

	You terminate unsubscribe at any meter, of naturally.
		This calendar is the official calendar of Israel and is the liturgical calendar of the Jewish trust.
		The Mayan Calendar Stave is composed of the Tzolkin and the Haab.
		Inward cosmopolitan, the kickoff maltreat inwards scheming the Chinese calendar is to arrest for the being of an intercalary twelvemonth.
	decryheaven.sitesled.com /bettingcenter/overdrafts.html (4766 words)

	Skyscript: The Moon and Ancient Calendars, by Robin Heath
		The relationship the orbital period of the earth holds to the lunation cycle - the moon's phases, is a complex one, and the sun and the moon are not easily married.
		The pagan calendar 'quarter day' festivals of Imbolc, Beltane, Lugnasagh and Samhain are further confirmation that solar calendars invoke division of the year into four or eight, however much neo-pagans convince themselves that the quarter days are 'lunar' and therefore related to the Goddess.
		These calendars, and therefore the relationship between solar and lunar cycles, are likely to have naturally evolved from initial observations of the three-year soli-lunar cycle, if only because here the solar-lunar synchronicity is first noticed.
	www.skyscript.co.uk /moonheath.html (3569 words)

	synodic period - Encyclopedia.com
		One sidereal month later it will not yet be full, since it must travel further in its orbit around the earth to reach the point of opposition, which has moved relative to the stars because of the earth's motion.
		Since the calendar month is not equal to the lunar month, the full moon does not occur on the same day every month.
		This period, called the Metonic cycle, was discovered by the Greek astronomer Meton in 433 BC It is used in determining the date of Easter in the Gregorian calendar and was used in placing the intercalary month in the ancient Greek calendar.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-synodicp.html (364 words)

	The Jewish/Civil Calendar Program -- Info
		According to Jewish tradition, the year 1 of the Jewish calendar was the time of "waste and void" referred to in Genesis 1.1.
		The Jewish/Civil Perpetual Calendar accepts, at the prompt "YEAR(S)", a year of the Jewish calendar, for example "5750", and produces on the screen a calendar of that year with a visually equivalent civil calendar opposite it for easy conversion of dates.
		In the centuries before the current era the calendar then in use was intercalated erratically by the Romans, so a simple subtraction is not possible.
	www.uwm.edu /~corre/calendar.html (1179 words)

	The Calendar
		This is an excellent definition illuminating the dual role of the calendar: religious matters that are arbitrarily timed and agricultural matters that must be precisely timed in the year.
		There are a couple of Ecclesiastical calendars for organising festivals, a Chinese calendar banned in China but used in some Asian countries, in remote areas like the Russian steppe there are still remnants of simple agricultural calendars which depend on equinoxes but not on counting days and dozens of provincial calendars.
		To make the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian, it is true that Sweden decided to skip the leap years from 1700 to 1740 to make the change smooth, just as Seidel writes.
	www.skeptics.com.au /journal/calendar.htm (4159 words)

	Adopting a Lunar Calendar
		The Metonic period is important for anyone who would devise a calendar which respected the 29.53 day lunar month or sunth, and yet reconcile it with Earth's 365.25 day year at least periodically.
		A simple calendar of alternating 29 and 30 date sunths will do the trick, espe-cially if every fortieth date (or on the closest weekend thereto) an extra hour is added (as we do in the fall switching from daylight-savings to standard time) to make the sunth average 29.5 dates exactly.
		Whatever calendar arrangement settlers eventually choose, it is sure to reverberate throughout Lunan culture, adding yet another layer of distinctive and characteristic differ-ence from the variegated "family" of cultures on Earth.
	www.lunar-reclamation.org /papers/mooncalendar_paper.htm (8502 words)

	WunderMoosen
		Some believe that the year length was 304 days, others claim that because it was a lunar calendar, the start of the month began at the New Moon and because the average lunar cycle is 29.53059 days, the month lengths are either 29 or 30 days and thus the year length was 354 days.
		The Calendar took on a totally new shape, month lengths were alerted, month positions were changed and a month was renamed.
		First he reorganized the Calendar which the Pontiffs had allowed to fall into such disorder, by intercalating days or months as it suited them, that the harvest and vintage festivals no longer corresponded with the appropriate seasons.
	www.wundermoosen.com /WunderMoosenWeb-the-calendar-reform-of-julius-caesar-calendar-article.aspx (1057 words)

	Israel's Calendar
		The Scriptural calendar is basically quite simple, but because of our education away from the natural phenomena of the sun and moon, this ancient calendar may, to some, seem difficult.
		(Meton was a Greek astronomer of the fifth century B.C.E.) Whereas a natural lunar calendar will allow all the festivals (except Pentecost) to fall on any day of the week, the Hillel calendar is arranged so that the festivals never fall on certain days of the week.
		The Scriptural Calendar, being solar/lunar, calls for the month to begin with the thin, new crescent of the moon, which is seen in the western sky after sunset.
	www.iahushua.com /ST-RP/Calendar.html (2632 words)

	History
		The calendar used by the ancient Greeks was based on the Moon, and is known as the Metonic calendar.
		This calendar was based on the observations of Meton of Athens (ca.
		Prior to 46 BC, the Roman Calendar, or what has been reconstructed of it, is described as a ``mess.'' The Romans calendar originally started the year with the Vernal Equinox and consisted of 10 Months (Martius, Aprilis, Maius, Junius, Quntilis, Sextilis, September, October, November, and December) having a total of 304 days.
	www.info-galaxy.com /Holiday/History/history.html (722 words)

	The Calendar--lesson plan #10
		When George was a young man, the calendar was changed to the Gregorian calendar, and to fit that calendar, a one-time jump of 11 days was needed resulting in the birthday on February 22.
		The Metonic calendar is a lunar calendar which adds 7 months each 19 years, named for the ancient Greek astronomer Meton who proposed it.
		The traditional calendars of the Jews and the Chinese are Metonic.
	www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov /stargaze/Lcalend.htm (1703 words)

	Metonic cycle
		The Babylonians may have known it earlier, and originally they may have measured the Moon's motion against the stars (sidereal year); however, ancient astronomers did not make a clear distinction between sidereal and tropical years before Hipparchus discovered precession of the equinox ca.
		130 B.C. This cycle is used by the Hebrew calendar.
		It is possible that Homer knew about the cycle some centuries before Meton, and used it in the Odyssey.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DMetonic (541 words)

	Ø Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine \| History of Western Gregorian calendar \| Calendars Sisogenes ...
		The Metonic Cycle, by which the full moon appears on the same date every 19 years, could be used by calendar makers to correct the way the lunar months drifted through the solar calendar.
		Dissatisfied with the mess the calendar got into, Julius Caesar, in 46 BCE, obtained the advice of the astronomer Sisogenes, who drew up a beautiful new calendar named the Julian calendar, possibly because it is more euphonious than ‘the Sisogenesian calendar’, or possibly because the emperor decreed it so.
		Pope Gregory’s calendar is far from ideal, but works well enough for it to have survived not only more than 240 years of usage, but also an attempt in the United Nations in 1952 to reform it.
	www.wilsonsalmanac.com /greg.html (3498 words)

	The Calendar--lesson plan #10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		When George was a young man, the calendar was changed to the Gregorian calendar, and to fit that calendar, a one-time jump of 11 days was needed resulting in the birthday on February 22.
		The Metonic calendar is a lunar calendar which adds 7 months each 19 years, named for the ancient Greek astronomer Meton who proposed it.
		The traditional calendars of the Jews and the Chinese are Metonic.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /stargaze/Lcalend.htm (1703 words)

	Computer Problems With Calendars & Time Including Y2K
		In fact, the Jewish calendar marks the start of the world as 3761 B.C. Today his numbering scheme is still used by astronomers to avoid the difficulties of converting the months of different calendars in use during different eras.
		In order to make the calendar keep in sync with the heavens, he suggested that centuries which are evenly divisible by 100 should not be leap years except those which are evenly divisible by 400.
		Due to inaccuracies in the calendar, by the 16th century the vernal equinox was occurring on March 11.
	www3.sympatico.ca /n.rieck/docs/calendar_time_y2k_etc.html (4793 words)

	Enigma of ancient world's computer cracked at last -- Middle East Times
		This is the so-called Metonic cycle, which takes the Moon 235 lunar months to the same phase on the same date in the year.
		The original device, they believe, is likely to have comprised 37 gear-wheels and comprised two clock-like faces, one front and one back, which would have fitted into a slim wooden box measuring 31.5 x 19 cm and a thickness of 10 cms.
		The machine was a 365-day calendar, which ingeniously factored in the leap year every four years.
	www.metimes.com /print.php?StoryID=20061130-072028-9368r (837 words)

	The Metonic Cycle and the Saros (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Greek astronomer Meton, in the fifth century BC, discovered that the dates of the phases of the Moon repeated exactly after a period of 19 years.
		Since it is almost equal to 20 eclipse years, 6,932.4 days, it is possible for a series of four or five eclipses to occur on the same dates 19 years apart.
		The metonic cycle was used to determine how intercalary months could be inserted into a lunar calendar so that the calendar year and the tropical (seasonal) year were kept in step.
	www.oarval.org /metonic.htm (480 words)

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