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Topic: Mexican Cave Tetra

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	Astyanax fasciatus
		The specific status of the epigean form in the areas surrounding the cave localities for the troglobitic ones is in dispute.
		Not all the cave populations of this area display the same degree of morphological divergence from the surface forms, however.
		Some of those caves appear to be very poor from a trophic viewpoint while others (e.g., La Cueva Chica) have a very rich input of nutrients thanks to large bat colonies producing guano on which these fish feed.
	www.clt.astate.edu /aromero/new_page_117.htm (585 words)

	Cave tetra Information & Care - Rate My Fish Tank
		The Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) is a freshwater fish of the characin family (family Characidae) of order Characiformes.
		Its blind cave form, however, is notable for having no eyes and being albino, that is, completely devoid of pigmentation; it has a pinkish-white color to its body.
		The Mexican tetra is sometimes considered a subspecies of A. fasciatus, the banded tetra.
	www.ratemyfishtank.com /freshwater_fish.php/16 (393 words)

	Regressive evolution in cavefish
		Cave adaptations have evolved in many species independently, and each cave species can be considered a replicate of the same evolutionary experiment that asks how species change in perpetual darkness.
		A Blind Mexican Cave Tetra, along with its eyed surface relatives.
		By contrast, mutations in cave populations that affected pigmentation sometimes caused increases instead of decreases in pigment cell density, consistent with evolution by random processes and genetic drift.
	www.theallineed.com /biology/07030805.htm (513 words)

	Astyanax mexicanus
		The Mexican Cave Tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) is a small fish that is reasonably popular among aquarists, particularly the variant that, in its wild state, lives in deep caves and has lost the power of sight and even its eyes.
		The fish can still find its way around by means of its centreline, which is highly sensitive to fluctuating water pressure.
		They are grouped with other tetras in the characin family, Characidae.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/as/Astyanax_mexicanus.html (114 words)

	Mexican Cave Tetra - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The Mexican Cave Tetra (Astyanax mexicanus or Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus) is a small freshwater subtropical fish belonging to the characin family, Characidae, with other tetras.
		This is especially true of the variant that, in its wild state, lives in deep caves and has lost the power of sight and even its eyes.
		The Mexican Cave Tetra is a peaceful species that spends most of its time in the mid-level of the water above the rocky and sandy bottoms of pools and backwaters of creeks and rivers of its native environment.
	www.music.us /education/M/Mexican-Cave-Tetra.htm (534 words)

	Tetragonopterinae
		Blind cave tetras are a peculiar variety of Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, that inhabit limestone caves.
		Cave tetras are a bit pushy and can be nippy, so while they can be kept in an ordinary community tanks with robust species, they are most rewarding kept their own aquarium.
		Cave tetras get to about 8-10 cm/3-3.5" in length and are relatively easy to breed if the water is cooled down to about 18˚C (64˚F).
	www.wetwebmedia.com /FWSubWebIndex/tetragonopterinae.htm (629 words)

	» Characins aquarium fish
		Its blind cave form, however, is notable for having no eyes and being albino, that is, completely devoid of pigmentation; it has a pinkish-white color to its body.
		The Mexican tetra has been treated as a subspecies of A. fasciatus, the banded tetra, but this is not widely accepted.
		Tetras have adhesive eggs, so fine leaved plants or spawning mops should be used to catch the eggs.
	www.tropical-aquariums.com /category/characins (1650 words)

	Blind Cave Tetra Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus aquarium tropical fish from Tim's Tropicals
		The Blind Cave Tetra is also known as the Mexican Tetra, Blind Cave Fish or the Silvery Tetra.
		The Blind Cave Tetra is a northern sub species and is found in cave waters in Texas and Mexico.
		They should be kept with aggressive larger tetras, such as the Buenos Aires Tetra, the Colombian Tetra, the Serpae Tetra and the Silver Tip Tetra.
	www.timstropicals.com /FreshwaterFish/Tetras/BlindCaveTetra.asp (420 words)

	QRSS Astyanax mexicanus
		The Mexican Tetra (Sardina de Mexico) is a common open water species to the inland cenotes of Quintana Roo.
		In the last decade this vertebrate has learned to exploit cave divers' lighting systems to follow explorers; it is a ruthless hunter of stygobitic populations within the cave environment.
		During the 2002 QRSS Convention, Dr. Tom Iliffe from Texas AandM University at Galveston presented a lecture on "Endangered Caves and Cave Animals of the Yucatan Peninsula".
	www.caves.org /project/qrss/A.mexicanus.htm (289 words)

	Blind cave fish are smarter than dogs \| Practical Fishkeeping magazine
		Dr Theresa Burt de Perera, an ethologist at Keble College Oxford, studied the behaviour of the Mexican Blind cave fish, Astyanax fasciatus, which in the absence of working eyes, relies on minute changes in pressure to detect the presence of objects in the water.
		Blind cave fish swim much more quickly when they are faced with landmarks, like rocks, which they haven't encountered before, presumably to enhance lateral line stimulation.
		However, besides the well-known ability for the cave fish to swim around obstacles in its path without bumping in to them, Burt de Perera also found that the fish built a complex spatial map of their surroundings only a few hours after being added to the tank.
	www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk /pfk/pages/item.php?news=458 (528 words)

	BioFortean Files
		There are a number of blind cave fish, and it's fascinating to see how they have adapted to a cave environment.
		A study on the Mexican tetra, Astyanax fasciatus, showed that the tetras had three geographically separate origins.
		Regressive evolution in the blind Mexican tetra, Astyanax fasciatus.
	www.strangeark.com /strange/fish.html (342 words)

	Cave Critters
		This little critter is common in caves of the central United States.
		A snail from sediments in an Missouri cave.
		An aquatic oligochaete (Annelida) from sediments in an Missouri cave.
	cs.winona.edu /semnwrb/files/caves/critters/critters.html (136 words)

	Untitled
		a common cave cricket in Central Texas, is a trogloxene or troglophile that rarely leaves the cave.
		In some caves it is abundant on wet rocks and mud, and may be an ecological substitute for cave millipedes.
		the cave myotis bat, is one of the common cave bats in Texas and New Mexico.
	www.utexas.edu /tmm/sponsored_sites/biospeleology/photos.htm (3128 words)

	Syllabus
		It was long thought that the loss of eyes in cave fish was due to either lack of selection for eyes OR selection for lack of eyes.
		It appears that the gene coding for eyes in Mexican tetras is connected to the genes for lateral lines.
		When an eyeless female Mexican tetra from cave A was crossed with an eyeless male from cave B, the offspring had semi-developed eyes.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /people/mastanback/evolution/Evol04Rev1key.htm (3134 words)

	Pet Handbook - Complete guide to pets and pet care » Mexican Tetra
		Growing to a maximum overall length of 12.0Â cm (4.7Â in), the Mexican tetra is of typical characin shape, with unremarkable, drab coloration.
		Some thirty distinct populations of Mexican tetras live in deep caves and have lost the power of sight and even their eyes.
		The blind Mexican tetra is often held up as one of the proofs of the theory of evolution.
	www.pethandbook.com /pets532.html (452 words)

	Free Association: Paper trail: cavefish genetics
		The second is that eye and pigment loss is advantageous in cave animals because the genetic changes that cause eye and pigment loss also cause adaptive changes that allow the animals to be better suited to life in the cave.
		It is amazing to descend into these lightless caves, trudge through huge piles of bat guano, and then in pools, some of which contain very little water, see pink, eyeless fish.
		We focused on the phenotype of albinism and found that albinism was linked in two different cave populations to the gene Oca2, Ocular and cutaneous albinism gene 2, which is the most common gene mutated in cases of human albinism.
	blogs.nature.com /ng/freeassociation/2005/12/paper_trail_cavefish_genetics_1.html (1308 words)

	Jonesboro Sun
		Most of the research that is being done these days on cave fishes is the study of their lack of eyes.
		When the researchers at Maryland were able to regenerate the eyes in one of the species, the Mexican blind cave tetra, the next question was, "but can they see?" Researchers at Arkansas State University found that was not the case: although the fish had regenerated their eyes, they did not respond to light stimuli.
		However, these same researchers have found that when Mexican cave tetras are kept under extremely bright light conditions during the early stages of development, they are able to regenerate some eye tissue and pigmentation.
	www.jonesborosun.com /archived_story.php?ID=15385 (598 words)

	Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals molecular convergence in the evolution of albinism - Nature Genetics
		The best studied is the Mexican tetra, identified by some authors as Astyanax mexicanus and others as Astyanax fasciatus; the two names should be considered synonymous in the present context and the species will be referred to herein as Astyanax.
		Phenotypically, the cave and surface morphs are very different; among other characteristics, the cave morph has a greater weight per unit length, less pigment, regressed eyes, larger nostrils, more maxillary teeth, more cranial neuromasts and more taste buds, as well as differences in feeding, schooling and aggressive behaviors (Fig.
		Caves with red dots are Molino, Pachón and Japonés, all of which contain a majority of albino individuals.
	www.nature.com /ng/journal/v38/n1/full/ng1700.html (3788 words)

	The following discussion is taken from
		Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra, a blind cave fish.
		Many cave dwelling animals, such as the fish Astyanax mexicanus (the Mexican tetra) and the salamander species Typhlotriton spelaeus and Proteus anguinus, are blind yet have rudimentary, vestigial eyes (Besharse and Brandon 1976; Durand et al.
		The eyes of the Mexican tetra have a lens, a degenerate retina, a degenerate optic nerve, and a sclera, even though the tetra has no use for them, even though the eyes cannot see (Jeffery 2001).
	daphne.palomar.edu /ccarpenter/vestiges.htm (2649 words)

	Blind as a Cave Fish
		After wading for a kilometre the men discovered a huge cave 'big enough to hold a cathedral' filled with magnificent stalagmites and stalactites and deep water containing the first collected specimens of the Mexican Blind Cave Fish.
		Its common name in the USA became the Blind Cave Tetra and when specimens were imported into Germany the fish was called Blinder Hohlensalmer (Blind Cave Tetra).
		The Blind Cave Tetra became the Blind Cave Characin in American literature.
	www.otleyaquaristsociety.co.uk /Blind%20as%20a%20Cave%20Fish.htm (944 words)

	Blind Cave Fish
		The novelty of the Blind Cave Fish is the fact that it does not have eyes!
		It has lost the need for them as it occurs in underground caves where there is no light.
		Despite this "disadvantage" it is able to navigate around the tank, without bumping into other fish or decorations, by monitoring the vibrations in the water through its lateral line.
	www.aquarium365.com /s002900.htm (188 words)

	Darwin in the Dark
		I have kept tropical fish since I was a child and early on I became fascinated by an unusual tetra lacking eyes and known as the Mexican blind cave fish (Astyanax mexicanus).
		In cave fish embryos the lens starts to form, but then degenerates and the eye does not form.
		As expected, the surface fish with the transplanted cave fish lens did not develop eyes, but surprisingly, the cave fish with the transplanted lens from the surface fish developed large normal eyes.
	www.hras.org /sw/sw10-05.html (828 words)

	Science Now
		Living in three dark caves in San Luis Potosi, Mexican blind cave fish have lost their eyes.
		Although they have lost their sight, blind cave fish have gained other senses that help them to live in the dark.
		An especially keen sense of smell guides them toward their favorite food sources, including animal or plant remains that wash into the caves and nutrient-rich bat droppings that fall from the craggy ceilings.
	www.calacademy.org /science_now/archive/wild_lives/blindcavefish.php (253 words)

	Home Page
		The focus on cave fishes stems from long-term research interests in the evolution of complex traits and the phenomenon of regressive evolution.
		The molecular data is used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the cave species to their nearest surface relatives, to estimate the relationships among cave populations and their effective population sizes, and to estimate their phylogenetic ages as lines distinct from surface relatives.
		Cave Fishes of South-Western and Peninsular Thailand, March 1998
	pages.nyu.edu /~rb4 (323 words)

	QRSS Cave Conservation
		Every attempt must be made not to damage or disturb the cave entrance environment, sediments, stone formations, archaeological sites, or biological life associated with the cave environment.
		Be trained in cave diving and dive within the limits of their training, thereby avoiding damage to a cave or preventing accidents.
		It is understood that the submerged cave environment is extremely fragile, providing a habitat for a wide variety of organisms whose life histories and interactions with one another are little understood.
	www.caves.org /project/qrss/conserve.htm (528 words)

	Singapore Anyone here keeps the Mexican Blind cave Tetra - Pets.com.sg
		In one of the world's more recent - and evident - examples of evolution, fish from the species Astyanax fasciatus (a type of tetra) migrated into a system of dark caves in Mexico and lost all need for their eyes, so the useless organs gradually disappeared.
		Although they have lost their sight, blind cave fish have gained other senses that help them to live in the dark.
		An especially keen sense of smell guides them toward their favorite food sources, including animal or plant remains that wash into the caves and nutrient-rich bat droppings that fall from the craggy ceilings.
	www.pets.com.sg /forums/showthread.php?t=6918 (366 words)

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