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	Socialist Party Archive - History: The Assassination of Trotsky
		From the moment of his arrival, the Mexican Communist Party, whose leaders loyally followed the Moscow line, began to agitate for restrictions to be placed on Trotsky to prevent him answering the show trial allegations, and ultimately to bring about his expulsion from the country.
		The newspapers and journals published by the Communist Party and the Communist-controlled trade union federation (the CTM), poured out a stream of slanderous allegations, to the effect that Trotsky was plotting against the Cardenas government and allegedly collaborating with fascist and reactionary elements.
		But the Communist Party leadership, clearly embarrassed not so much by the attempt itself but by the way it was bungled, tried to disassociate itself from the raid, blaming it on a gang of 'uncontrollable elements' and 'agents provocateurs'.
	www.socialistparty.net /pub/archive/histassassintrot.htm (5000 words)

	Democratic Party (United States) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The party platform represents the views of the majority of delegates to its national convention and is usually heavily influenced by the presidential nominee of that year.
		The Democratic Party, in its platform in 2000 and 2004, called for abortion to be "safe, legal and rare"—namely, keeping it legal by rejecting laws that allow governmental interference in abortion decisions, and reducing the number of abortions by promoting both knowledge of reproduction and contraception, and incentives for adoption.
		This party arose from opposition to the policies of the ruling Federalists, dominated by Alexander Hamilton, which advocated a strong central government, a loose interpretation of the Constitution, and a republic governed by elites.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States) (8734 words)

	Mexican Communist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mexican Communist Party (Spanish: Partido Comunista Mexicano, PCM) was a communist party in Mexico.
		The PSO changed its name to the Mexican Communist Party in November 1919 following the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.
		Though the party had some influence in the Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM) and among the intelligentsia of Mexico City, it never gained a mass following.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mexican_Communist_Party (205 words)

	Race and Civil Rights: The 1930s & 1940s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		But, while the Party struggled on issues of racism and discrimination and contributed positively to the civil rights struggle, it appears that its involvement was at times more about strengthening the workers’ movement than from a genuine interest in improving the lives of people of color.
		Although the Communist Party of the Northwest in the decades of the 1930s through the 1950s did significantly contribute to the improvement of the lives of people of color, its legacy should not be uncritically assessed.
		Communist Party newspapers kept the Scottsboro rape case in the headlines all through the 1930s until the nine young defendants finally gained their freedom.
	faculty.washington.edu /gregoryj/cpproject/pinckney.htm (2919 words)

	Mexico - Forgotten World War II Ally - BY SHEP LENCHEK - IN MEXICO CONNECT
		The final straw was the sinking of a Mexican oil tanker, the Potero de Llano and in June 1942 Mexico declared war against the Axis.
		Mexican pilots received additional training in the United States and in 1945 fought valiantly in the air war in the Phillipines.
		Although the role of Mexicans in combat was minimal, the denial of Mexico as a safe harbor for German submarines was of great importance.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/travel/slenchek/slmexicoww2.html (1441 words)

	Mexican Labor Bibliography: Review essays
		Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari succeeded in installing as the new union leader Elba Esther Gordillo, a member of Jonguitud's Vanguardia, and a person whom some believed to be responsible for the assassination of a la CNTE activist.
		The partial survival of anarchist ideas in the movements in Morelos in the 1930s or among a few Communist Party members even later is interesting, but does not have the significance Hodges wants to attribute to it.
		Mexican anarchism was more or less eliminated from the Mexican political spectrum during the 1930s by the rise of nationalism and Stalinist Communism, never to reappear as a significant force.
	www.ueinternational.org /Mexico_info/bibliography2.html (6517 words)

	U.S. Intervention in Central America: Kellogg's Charges of a Bolshevist Threat
		The propagation of Communistic ideas and principles in the various countries of Latin America is considered secondary to the carrying on of propaganda against the aims and policies of the United States.
		Moreover, it is necessary that the Workers (Communist) Party maintain the closest contact with the labor movement in the colonies of Cuba, the Philippines, andc., and support them in their fight against American imperialism.
		The activities and plans of the American Communists as regards the organization of opposition to the United States in Mexico and Latin America are summed up admirably in a resolution passed by the Central Executive Committee of the Worker’s (Communist) Party on Nov. 12, 1926.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/4987 (3142 words)

	News & Views
		It is important to note that during this period Orozco was close to the Mexican Communist Party (according to the artist’s FBI file this flirtation lasted from about 1923 through roughly 1927).
		Prior to his flirtation with the Mexican Communist Party, Orozco’s only known political association was with the anarchism of the anarcho-syndicalist Casa del Obrero Mundial.
		Mexican painting, printmaking and folk art were a vogue in New York, Philadelphia and Los Angeles from the mid- twenties on through the thirties.
	www.artnexus.com /NewsDetail/671 (4731 words)

	Mexican Standoff
		Mexican economists estimate that a third of the work force is unemployed, and even those fortunate enough to retain jobs have seen their real wages plummet.
		With the common understanding that they have reached the end of an era, Mexicans on all sides are mobilizing, some to defend their wealth and power, others in self-defense against the ravages of neoliberalism or the barbarisms of the recalcitrant rich.
		The "new" party on the left is the Party of the Democratic Popular Revolution (PDPR), the political arm of the EPR guerrillas.
	www.wpunj.edu /icip/newpol/issue23/smith23.htm (4409 words)

	The Sappho Manifesto
		The Party was upset at him for not only siding with Trotsky, but for painting an unflattering portrait of Stalin.
		The Mexican goverment refused to exhibit it for it's insults towards the French goverment.
		In September 1954, Rivera was finally accepted back into the Communist Party, but it was bitter-sweet, for earlier in the year his beloved Frida Khalo had passed away due to many complications arriving from her accident as a young woman.
	sapphomanifesto.blogspot.com (2277 words)

	PAN reaching out to Mexico's farm sector
		The party’s name was changed to the Mexican Revolutionary Party (PRM), and its basic structure was adjusted to a tripartite make-up — agrarian, labor and popular partitions, outwardly at least dropping the military.
		The official party was renamed the Institutional Revolutionary Party, and an adjustment was made to incorporate all feasible entities while shifting real political power even more from the sectors to the authoritarian party itself, which meant to the nation’s ruling oligarchy.
		The Mexican Communist Party (PCM) was founded in 1919, and even since 1963 when the PCM began its mergers with and into other leftist alliances some of its small farm and labor organizations have remained loyal.
	www.mexidata.info /id221.html (618 words)

	Socialist Organizer: Fourth International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The leaders of the Mexican section, mechanically applying the theory of permanent revolution, had sought, in the words of Trotsky, to "jump over stages to arrive directly at the proletarian revolution." Trotsky criticized the Mexican leadership for failing to understand the character of the national and democratic tasks which the proletariat must champion.
		The leaders of the Mexican Communist Party, with Lombardo Toledano at the helm, gave formal support to Cárdenas, but in reality, basing themselves on the line of the Popular Front, their goal was to push Cárdenas into an agreement with the "democratic" imperialism of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
		The destruction of the Mexican working class and of the Mexican nation is at the same time the means in the hands of the U.S. capitalists to hold U.S. workers hostage.
	www.theorganizer.org /FI/TrotskyMexico.html (9372 words)

	Left Party
		All of the members of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party who led the October 1917 Revolution with the exception of Joseph Stalin had either died of natural causes (Sverdlov, Lenin) or had been murdered or disappeared at the hands of Stalin (Zinoviev, Kamenev, Kollontai* and many others).
		Codovilla put three men in charge of the Mexican Communist Party: Andres Garcia Salgado, who a few years later would abandon the MCP to work for the government-controlled unions; Rafael Carrillo, who in the 1940s denounced communism as “unpatriotic and antinational; and the painter David Alfaro Siqueiros.
		All the participants in the attack were members of the MCP or related to organizations controlled by the Communist Party.
	leftparty.org /trot.html (3232 words)

	Mexican Labor Bibliography: Mexican Labor
		His book is a history of the Mexican Communist Party from its birth in 1919 to its demise in 1988, and is included in this list because of the role of the Mexican Communist Party in various labor and peasant organizations.
		Elba Esther Gordillo is the former general secretary of the Mexican teachers union (SNTE) and a leader of the "Foro: Sindicalismo Ante la Nacion," or the Foro group of unions.
		His book is a study of the relations between the Mexican state and the labor movement from the era of the revolution until today, but with its emphasis on the railroad workers and the automobile workers unions.
	www.ueinternational.org /Mexico_info/bibliography1.html (7859 words)

	The Tiger's Coat
		Guerrero was a dedicated member of the Communist party, and under his guidance she endeavored to make her photography heroic and revolutionary.
		In Berlin she worked exclusively for the Communist Party, and again she was suspected of being a spy for Stalin.
		Through Vidali, she had a message relayed from the Brazilian Communist Party to the Spanish Communist Party informing them that a member of the Brazilian Party, 'had passed on to Trotskyism." Alberto Bezouchet was subsequently executed.
	www.silentsaregolden.com /DeBartoloreviews/rdgtigerscoat.html (2588 words)

	Motley crew runs in Mexico election
		Thanks to the end of one-party rule in 2000, this could be the liveliest Mexicans have ever seen.
		Madrazo is a warhorse of the PRI's old guard, a group referred to as "the dinosaurs" by the party's more-progressive factions.
		But critics say Castañeda's true colors have always been hard to pin down: a former member of the Mexican Communist Party, and author of a biography of Cuban revolutionary Che Guevara, he was a strategist for the center-left PRD and then the center-right PAN.
	www.azcentral.com /specials/special03/articles/0927MexElex270.html (1148 words)

	Leon Trotsky: The Comintern and the GPU (1940)
		Like their Kremlin masters, the leaders of the Communist parties are unable to criticise the real ideas of the Fourth International and are forced to resort to falsifications and frame-ups which are exported from Moscow in unlimited quantities.
		By the time the party convention was called on March 21, all the questions had already been decided, and the only thing left for the delegates was an oath of loyalty to the new leadership which had been created without them and for purposes unknown to the majority.
		The special department of the Communist International in Moscow which took charge of passports, visas and the financial subsidies to Communist parties and to Communist newspapers outside of Russia, was in charge of the GPU and its director was an employee directly responsible to this organization.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1940/1940-gpu.htm (15591 words)

	RETROSPECTIVE OF DIEGO RIVERA WORK CELEBRATES THE ARTIST'S CENTENNIAL - New York Times
		Famous all over the world as a leading Communist artist, he was not only expelled from the Mexican Communist Party, but his petitions for readmission were rejected for the next quarter of a century as well.
		Attacked in the United States for his left-wing views, he was denounced by the Communist Party press as an agent of American imperialism.
		The life of Diego Rivera, the controversial Mexican artist who is now the subject of a major exhibition in Philadelphia, was in many ways as exuberantly outsized as the artist himself, who stood well over six feet tall and weighed more than 300 pounds by the time he was 21 years old.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE5DC1439F932A35755C0A960948260 (717 words)

	Why does the PRD lose?.
		It is amazing that some predecessors of the PRD, like the PCM (Mexican Communist Party), and the PSUM (Mexican Unified Socialist Party) never took as much heat as Cardenas and his PRD despite the undeniable moderation of the PRD in its ideological postulates.
		In fact the vote percentages obtained by the PRD in August 21, 1994, are not too far from those that the Communist Party got the first time it was allowed to participate in elections after 35 years in the underground.
		The Communist Party allowed candidates of COCEI to ride on its recently acquired legal status to run for office in the city of Juchitan in Oaxaca in 1980.
	www.cs.uwaterloo.ca /~alopez-o/politics/prdlose.html (1914 words)

	Library of Congress Opens Records of the Communist Party, USA
		Although some party documents have also become available in the papers of various private individuals, the quantity is limited.
		In this memo, the head of the American Communist party attempts to reconcile who got which subsidies and which transfers were needed to ensure that the various activities received what Moscow intended.
		Reed, a well-known American journalist of the 1910s, was a founder of the American Communist Party in 1919 and one of its early representatives to the Comintern.
	www.loc.gov /today/pr/2001/01-007.html (919 words)

	The Commission - San Francisco Art Institute
		In 1922 he joined the Mexican Communist Party, and was elected to the Executive Committee in 1923, along with two other muralistas: David Alfaro Siquieros and Xavier Guerrero.
		In 1924 he was expelled from the Communist Party for the first time, and he received another commission for a fresco cycle in the national School of Agriculture in Chapingo.
		Given Wight’s subsequent involvement in controversies over communist representations, it is interesting to speculate on his role in the inclusion of the medal and its symbol.
	www.sfai.edu /page.aspx?page=35&navid=79§ionid=2 (2045 words)

	americas.org - Castañeda's Bid for Mexico Presidency Gets Boost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In effect, the commission said that a Mexican law requiring all candidates for office to be members of registered political parties violated Castañeda's human rights.
		In 1994, he was an advisor to leftist political candidate Cuauhtemoc Cardenas of the Party of the Democratic Revolution, who is widely believed to have lost that year's presidential election because of fraud orchestrated by the then-ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI.
		He was a vocal advocate of close ties to the United States and repeatedly attacked Cuban leader Fidel Castro, drifting away from a long policy of Mexican support for the Cuban regime.
	www.americas.org /item_22566 (684 words)

	The Mexican Question: Mexican Americans in the Communist Party, 1940-1957
		As a member of the Communist Party (CP) and an activist in the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CJO), he was a critical element in the Mexican American community nurturing leadership and laying the groundwork for political activism.
		Cuaron is representative of the generation that took the mantle of leadership in the period between the 1930s and the 1950s as a personal challenge to transform economic and political conditions of Mexican Americans.
		By the end of 1957 however, Cuaron was at an impasse: branded a communist alien by the FBI and a nationalist by the leadership in the CP.
	repositories.cdlib.org /crlgs/WP14 (275 words)

	Freedom Road Socialist Organization \| National Oppression, National Liberation and Socialist Revolution
		The struggle against national oppression is a struggle against imperialism because it was imperialism* that conquered the Native Americans, Native Hawai’ians and Alaskan Natives, committed genocide against the indigenous peoples and seized their land.
		Given the low level of the development of the communist movement in the U.S., this would be a good thing and we would work to build principled, ideological, political and practical unity on the foundations of Marxism - with the goal of strengthening our work to build a new communist party.
		If there is a failure to build a multi-national communist party, we can be sure that the working class and oppressed nationalities within the prison house called the U.S. will not be able to shatter the chains of oppression and exploitation.
	www.frso.org /about/nq/nq.htm (2524 words)

	The Art of Communist Class Struggle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It was the public commissions Siqueros undertook during the 1940s and 1950s, that the writer Desmond Rochfort claims: "were driven in part by the need of the Mexican cultural political Èlite to mask the true nature of their ideological interests behind a veneer of cultural radicalism.
		The political and aesthetic value of the work stands as a historical testament of the period of its production, but it is not confined by the historical circumstances of its production; the work has a dialectic relevance that continues to have an increasing validity in the face of contemporary imperialism.
		He was co-founder of the Mexican Artists' Union, along with Diego Rivera, who Siqueiros later accused of being a Trotskyite counter-revolutionary.
	www.wpb.be /lalkar/lalkar01/06art.htm (987 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Economy - overview
		In 1995, the Mexican peso crisis produced capital flight, the loss of banking system deposits, and a severe, but short-lived, recession; a series of reforms to bolster the domestic banking system followed.
		Bulgaria, a former communist country striving to enter the European Union, has experienced macroeconomic stability and positive growth rates since a major economic downturn in 1996 led to the fall of the then socialist government.
		The authorities have switched to a system of household and village responsibility in agriculture in place of the old collectivization, increased the authority of local officials and plant managers in industry, permitted a wide variety of small-scale enterprise in services and light manufacturing, and opened the economy to increased foreign trade and investment.
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2116.html (16441 words)

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