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Topic: Mg ion physiology

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	Magnesium Supplementation
		Mg is absorbed along the length of the small intestines (jenunal absorption appears to require vitamin D), with the percentage absorbed varying as dietary intake varies.
		Free serum Mg undergoes glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption (in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle); as serum Mg level rises and falls, tubular reabsorption decreases or increases.
		Mg is a cofactor, with thiamine, for liver transketolase; thiamine replacement is standard treatment for alcoholic patients, yet even when thiamine is replaced the enzyme shows markedly reduced activity in the presence of Mg depletion.
	home.pacbell.net /good-day/Mg.html (2272 words)

	Science, Biology, Physiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Plant physiology In botany, plant physiology is the study of the function, or physiology of plants.
		Physiology Physiology is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organ...
		Physiology Educational Research Consortium Nationwide network of physiology educators dedicated to improving life science education in general and physiology education in particular by conducting research, developing new educational materials and techniques, and educating faculty.
	www.serebella.com /directory/Science/Biology/Physiology/Auditory (644 words)

	Magnesium and Its Relationship to Oncology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Mg deficit causes structural and functional alterations of the plasma membrane with a decrease of the intracellular cations Mg and K and an increase of the extracellular cations Ca and Na in neoplastic cells.
		Mg is necessary for the insertion of proteins into membranes and for the formation of the phospholipids with parallel electrostatic polarizing effects.
		Mg is able to modify the energy metabolism of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and to activate alternative pathways responsible for glucose and ATP consumption.
	www.mgwater.com /dur17.shtml (6027 words)

	Identification of Mg-transporting renal tubules and cells by ion microscopy imaging of stable isotopes -- Chandra et ...
		Mg decreased from the apical to the basal region of the cells,
		Mg to be diffuse as well as punctate (arrows) in epithelial cells of the proximal tubule.
		Mg from the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/273/6/F939 (4438 words)

	"Information resources on swine in biomedical research "
		The cardiovascular anatomy, physiology and response to atherogenic diets have made them a universally standard model for the study of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and general cardiovascular studies.
		The anatomy and physiology of the cutaneous blood supply and the wound healing characteristics have made the pig a standard model for plastic surgical and wound healing studies (Kerrigan et al, 1986; Mertz et al, 1986).
		Donovan, MG, NC Dickerson, JW Hellstein and LJ Hanson: Autologous calvarial and iliac onlay bone grafts in miniature swine.
	www.nal.usda.gov /awic/pubs/swine/swine.htm (11228 words)

	Tresorie - Bursitis [Bursitis]
		For it is the considerations of those three staples of medical science (pathology, physiology, and biochemistry) together with years of experience, that form the basis of the treatment discussed in this paper.
		It causes a decrease in the capillary pressure and in the edema, establishing the proper circulation which is necessary for the relief of pain and repair of the injury.
		This is distinguished from ionization, the standard definition of which is: Ionization or ionic medication is the introduction of chemical ions into the superficial tissues, for medical purposes, by means of a direct current.
	www.homeoint.org /hompath/articles/20.html (2823 words)

	American Journal of Botany, 41, 10, December, 1954 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Two modes of uptake are distinguished: 1) exchange adsorption, in which the root acts as a cation exchanger, and 2) active transport of the ions mediated by metabolic processes.
		In regard to active transport, which constitutes the process of absorption proper, the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that it involves intermediate compound formation between the ions and "binding compounds" or "carriers." The ions Ca, Sr, and Ba compete for identical binding sites or reactive centers on the carriers.
		However, it was revealed that all of the essential nutrient components of living yeast could be preserved within the cell by treating the yeast with lethal doses of ultra-violet light or nitrogen mustard.
	www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001527.html (2075 words)

	Gold -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Common (The degree of oxidation of an atom or ion or molecule; for simple atoms or ions the oxidation number is equal to the ionic charge) oxidation states of gold include +1 (gold(I) or aurous compounds) and +3 (gold(III) or auric compounds).
		Gold ions in solution are readily (additional info and facts about reduced) reduced and (additional info and facts about precipitated) precipitated out as gold metal by the addition of virtually any other metal as the reducing agent.
		Like other precious metals, gold is measured by (A system of weights used for precious metals and gemstones; based on a 12-ounce pound and an ounce of 480 grains) troy weight and by (A metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram) grams.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/go/gold.htm (3592 words)

	Exchangeable Magnesium Pool Masses Reflect the Magnesium Status of Rats -- Feillet-Coudray et al. 130 (9): 2306 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Enriched Mg (200 mg; or 328 mg of MgO) was moistened with 2
		Mg and tended to be correlated with tibia Mg (P = 0.06) on a
		The exchangeable Mg pool (EMgP) is the total mass of the rapidly exchangeable pool; its size is equivalent to the mass of isotope administered divided by the tracer/tracee value at the y-intercept of the linear regression of a semilog plot of the plasma tracer/tracee data between d 3 and 7.
	www.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/130/9/2306 (3680 words)

	Metal Ion-Induced Lateral Aggregation of Filamentous Viruses fd and M13 -- Tang et al. 83 (1): 566 -- Biophysical ...
		A fixed ion diameter of 4 Å was used for all monovalent ions throughout the simulations.
		The curves for Ba and Sr are as flat as that for Mg (not shown in the figure for clarity).
		the ion diameters to be 5.0, 4.94, 4.92, and 4.86 Å for Mn
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/83/1/566 (7485 words)

	Chemistry and the Aquarium
		Magnesium is present in seawater as the Mg ion, meaning that it carries two positive charges, just as calcium does.
		In the case of carbonate, for example, the ion pairing to magnesium so stabilizes the carbonate that it is present in far higher concentrations than it would be present in the absence of magnesium.
		Like two other common ions, sodium and sulfate, the relative concentration of magnesium in organisms is approximately the same as in seawater (not counting magnesium in skeletons).
	www.advancedaquarist.com /issues/oct2003/chem.htm (4575 words)

	The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review: [L'usage ...
		From 30 to 50% of ingested Mg is absorbed
		Mg is considered to act as a regulator of different ion channels.
		Compared to placebo, administration of Mg was found to reduce the incidence of convulsions in this population.
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/50/7/732 (6866 words)

	Molecular Physiology of P2X Receptors -- North 82 (4): 1013 -- Physiological Reviews
		P2X receptors are membrane ion channels that open in response to the binding of extracellular ATP.
		ions, with an IC of ~5 mM (121), and it may be possible to
		region are exposed to the aqueous ion conducting pathway, although
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/82/4/1013 (8154 words)

	Acid-Base calculations. The WorldWide Intensivist
		Remember from physiology that if you have two substances A and B reversibly combining to form substance C, that when the reaction is at equilibrium the equation governing the equilibrium is:
		Note that we will also refer to ion concentrations in units of moles of charge rather than moles of substance, as we are after all more interested in the ionic (charge) properties of the substance than actual concentrations.
		For example, if each ion has a charge of +2 (say Calcium) then there are twice as many moles of charge as there are moles of calcium.
	www.anaesthetist.com /icu/elec/ionz/Stewart.htm (4762 words)

	Ion Channel-Forming Alamethicin Is a Potent Elicitor of Volatile Biosynthesis and Tendril Coiling. Cross Talk between ...
		Ion Channel-Forming Alamethicin Is a Potent Elicitor of Volatile Biosynthesis and Tendril Coiling.
		Alamethicin (ALA), a voltage-gated, ion channel-forming peptide mixture from Trichoderma viride, is a potent elicitor of the
		ALA was dissolved in methanol at a concentration of 10 mg mL
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/125/1/369 (5199 words)

	Control of oxidative phosphorylation during insect metamorphosis -- Chamberlin 287 (2): R314 -- AJP - Regulatory, ...
		is affected by the rate of active ion transport.
		Midgut active ion transport is thought to be energized by a
		Changes in midgut active ion transport and metabolism during larval-larval molting in the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta).
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/287/2/R314 (4398 words)

	The toxic mind: the biology of mental illness and violence
		It has been demonstrated that the binding of amine agonists and antagonists to the beta-adrenergic receptor involves an interaction between the amine group of the ligand and the carboxylate side chain of Asp113 in the third hydrophobic domain of the receptor (14).
		The gates that open and close ion channels are thought to be positive charges at channel openings (8).
		Protonated amino groups are found mainly on the surface of globular proteins and affect the electrostatic properties of proteins (16).
	www.redirectingselftherapy.com /toxicmind.html (9248 words)

	CPN Samples
		Using (presumably open) pitchers collected in the forests of Sri Lanka, they were able to purify about 2 mg of the protease from 30 l of fluid.
		Lüttge, U. 1964b, Untersuchungen zur Physiologie der Carnivoren-Drüsen: I. Mitteilung die den verdauungsvorgangen beteiligten Enzyme (Studies of the physiology of the glands of carnivorous plants, I. Notes on the enzymes concerned with the digestive process), Planta 63:103-117.
		Nemcek, O., Sigler, K. and Kleinzeller, A. 1966, Ion transport in the pitcher of Nepenthes henryana, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 126:73-80.
	www.carnivorousplants.org /cpn/samples/Science292Digest.htm (3402 words)

	Physiology of Nitric Oxide in Skeletal Muscle -- Stamler and Meissner 81 (1): 209 -- Physiological Reviews
		A: inactivation of a single ryanodine receptor ion channel by S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and return of channel activity close to that of the untreated channel by the reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanol (not shown).
		Single-channel currents (shown as upward deflections) were recorded in the presence of an activating ligand (20 µM Ca) before (top panel) and after the successive addition of 0.1 mM SNAP (bottom panel).
		Recent evidence suggests that NO and related molecules may directly affect the cardiac Ca release channel via covalent modifications of thiol groups (218).
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/1/209 (9146 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience 9, 2996-3006, September 1, 2004] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The regulation of metal ion concentrations is central to the physiology of the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and their hosts.
		Fe and Mg are required for growth in macrophages.
		Changes in Fe and Mg concentrations signal entry into the intracellular compartment and potentially trigger up-regulation of virulence determinants.
	www.bioscience.org /2004/v9/af/1454/3.htm (323 words)

	eMedicine - Trauma and Pregnancy : Article by Edward R Newton, MD
		An understanding of normal maternal-fetal physiology is critical in the diagnosis, surgical management, and postoperative care of pregnant women who require major surgery or who have been injured.
		Other tocolytic agents that involve calcium ion physiology (eg, magnesium sulfate, calcium channel blockers) have less significant, but still disturbing, cardiovascular effects in the presence of sepsis.
		If no uterine irritability exists, the patient's condition has stabilized, and she can recognize and report fetal movement and contractions, then continuous uterine contraction monitoring can be replaced by maternal perception and patient education about the signs of preterm labor.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3268.htm (10436 words)

	Worldwide Intensivist : the Anatomy of Pain
		Normally, the receptor is inactive as it is physiologically choked by a magnesium ion sitting in its ion channel.
		In order for this ion to be removed, adjacent peptide receptors have to be stimulated - the Mg then pops off, and an emphatic painful response occurs.
		Neurophysiologists have known about this phenomenon for ages, gracing it with the label "wind-up" - as the frequency of C-fibre stimulation increases there is a dramatic and long-lasting central response, with some populations of spinal neurones becoming more and more sensitive to stimulation.
	www.anaesthetist.com /icu/pain/pain3.htm (4157 words)

	Hemorrhoids, Parasites, Bloating, Herbal Cleansers, Anal Itch, No Rinse Cleansers, IBS, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and ...
		The cleansing process is an amazing new method for detoxifying your entire body by bathing your feet in a warm water while using positive and negative ions from an ion generator.
		The array element is the actual ion generator device that sits down into the water and creates the ion charge and flow within that solution.
		The Bio Cleanse Process generates a stream of positive and negative ions (charged atoms), which attract and attach themselves to oppositely charged toxic particles and draws them out of the body through the skin.
	www.herbalabs.org /Detox_Doctor.htm (4764 words)

	Tillotson Institute of Natural Health - The Big Picture
		This is often the standard approach of Western medicine, and it is important.
		In fact, a specific and clear diagnosis based upon physiology is very, very important.
		If someone has eye pain, for example, it is important to make sure a hidden tumor or chemical poisoning is not the cause.
	oneearthherbs.squarespace.com /big-picture (9929 words)

	Page 3: CARDIOLOGY: POWER MINERALS AND YOUR HEART
		(Mg) is the fourth most abundant cation in the body, following calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), and the second
		the human body, magnesium acts through its effects on intracellular and extracellular concentrations of other ions.
		Magnesium 600 mg was reported to be used with no contraindications and, depending on the formula, occasional diarrhea as side effect.
	www.exatest.com /mineral3.htm (1076 words)

	Principles of Physiology
		A glutamate receptor, but at resting potentials, ion flow is stopped by a Mg++ ion plug
		At depolarization of the cell, Mg++ comes off and allows considerable Ca++ flow into the cell.
		The amount of Ca++ flow then depends upon simultaneous presynaptic activation (glutamate) and post-synaptic depolarization.
	www.sonoma.edu /users/h/hanesda/b497/bear22.htm (1344 words)

	Nelson Lecture 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Use iontophoresis (ionophoresis) to apply controlled amount of ions at precise times.
		ions trigger fusion of vesicles with neuronal membrane
		If Mg levels are high, only a little neurotransmitter is released and release is quantal as shown above
	soma.npa.uiuc.edu /courses/physl341/Lec5.html (640 words)

	List of Publications - Plant Biochemistry Laboratory - PlaCe
		M.G. Palmgren and H.V. Scheller: Grøn er vårens hæk.
		M.S. Miguel, R. Marrington, P.M. Rodger, A. Rodger and C. Robinson: An Escherichia coli twin-arginine signal peptide switches between helical and unstructured conformations depending on the hydrophobicity of the environment.
		B.L. Petersen, M.G. Møller, P.E. Jensen and K.W. Henningsen: Identification of the Xan-g gene and expression of the Mg-chelatase encoding genes Xan-f, -g and -h in mutant and wild type barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
	www.plbio.dk /publications.asp?id=8 (7357 words)

	Ion Channel Diseases
		Function: Forms ion pore; May be sufficient for funtional Na channel
		Physiology: Alteration in the whole-cell calcium current in Purkinje cells
		Channel ions: Na and Ca α3 subunit (CNGA3)
	www.neuro.wustl.edu /neuromuscular/mother/chan.html (2181 words)

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