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Topic: Mikmaq language

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	Facts for Kids: Micmac Indians (Micmacs, Mi'kmaq)
		We encourage students and teachers to look through our main Mi'kmaq language and culture pages for in-depth information about the tribe, but here are our answers to the questions we are most often asked by children, with Micmac pictures and links we consider suitable for all ages.
		The Mi'kmaq Nation was a member of the Wabanaki Confederacy that controlled northern New England and the Canadian Maritimes.
		Mi'kmaq is a song-like language with complicated verbs.
	www.geocities.com /bigorrin/mikmaq_kids.htm (2119 words)

	Mi'kmaq Language and the Mi'kmaq Indian Tribe (Micmac Indians, Mikmaq, Mi'kmaw, Mikmaw, Mikmak)
		Language: The Mi'kmaq language, Míkmawísimk, is an Algonquian language spoken by 8000 Indians in the Canadian Maritimes (particularly Nova Scotia) and a few US communities.
		Mi'kmaq is written alphabetically today, but in the past it was written in pictographs.
		For their part, the Mi'kmaq people were staunch allies of the French in good times and bad, and if the tribe had not been devastated by smallpox and other European diseases, the history of Nova Scotia might have been written very differently.
	www.native-languages.org /mikmaq.htm (810 words)

	Nova Scotia Archives & Records Management - Mi'kmaq Holdings Resource Guide - Using the Guide
		In the Mi'kmaq language, adjectives agree with nouns; a singular adjective describes a singular noun and a plural adjective describes a plural noun.
		It is a limitation of the English language that we cannot represent the complexity of the Mi'kmaq language without risking grammatical inconsistencies, a high incidence of error and unnecessary confusion.
		Also note, in the Francis-Smith Orthography, the Mi'kmaq language is written using short vowels and long vowels with an acute over the vowel; however, it is widely accepted either to remove the acute or to add it after the vowel.
	www.gov.ns.ca /nsarm/virtual/mikmaq/spelling.asp (324 words)

	Acadian History:Mi'kmaq History:Acadian Ancestral Home
		The Mi'kmaq share many similarities with the Maliseets of New Brunswick and the Abenaki of New England, with the exception being that they were not farmers.
		The relationship between the Mi'kmaq and the Europeans improved with the dawn of the exploration era undertaken by the Spanish, the Portuguese, the French and the English in their efforts to discover a route to the Orient and its much sought-after spices.
		The Mi'kmaq later became an affordable manpower in the transport and forestry industries to the detriment of their traditional activities, which led to major socio-cultural changes.
	www.acadian-home.org /Mikmaq-history.html (778 words)

	Teaching and Learning English: Why the English Language is Difficult: Educational CyberPlayGround
		Start thinking about music and rhythm research, the importance of rhythm syllables and how tricky this is for all the tonal language speakers in the world who want to learn english.
		Of the more than 15 original Algonquian languages in eastern North America, the two still spoken are Passamaquoddy-Malecite in Maine and Mikmaq in New Brunswick.
		You have to marvel at the unique lunacy of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down; in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarm goes off by going on.
	www.edu-cyberpg.com /Literacy/reading.asp (2273 words)

	AAA Native Arts - Mi'kmaq (Mi'kmawi'simk, Mi'kmaw, Micmac, Mikmaq) Tribe
		For their part, the Mikmaq people were staunch allies of the French in good times and bad, and had their ranks not been devastated by smallpox and other European diseases (Mi'kmaq losses are estimated at around 15,000, from an original population of 20,000) the history of Nova Scotia might have been written very differently.
		The Mi'kmaq language, Mi'kmawi'simk or Mikmawisimk, is an Algonquian language spoken by 8000 Indians in the Canadian Maritimes (particularly Nova Scotia) and a few US communities.
		Mi'kmaq educators are working to reverse this trend before they find their language, like so many others, on the brink of extinction.
	www.aaanativearts.com /printout24.html (566 words)

	Info Sheet - The Mi'kmaq (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mi'kmaq clothing was decorated with geometric patterns and designs of birds, beasts and humans.
		The wide-bottomed Mi'kmaq canoe was raised at both ends and the sides curved upwards in the middle.
		The Mi'kmaq language, one of the Algonkian family of languages, is rich and descriptive.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /arch/infos/mikmaq1.htm (1358 words)

	Esperantic Studies 8
		August Cluver ("A Futurist Outlook on the Languages of Southern Africa") argues for the establishment of a regional terminology bureau which would enable many languages of the region to be used in primary education and health care.
		Until we understand more about the way language is implicated in both societal power relations and the constitution of the self, we are unlikely to fully comprehend the limits of language legislation and language policy, or be able to develop forms of intervention that leave primary linguistic ecosystems more or less intact.
		The journal is sponsored by six professional organizations and language resource centers in the United States and Europe, and is supported by an editorial board of 30 scholars in the fields of second language acquisition, applied linguistics, and computer-assisted language learning.
	esperantic.org /esf/es8.htm (1634 words)

	Aboriginal Customary Law - Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mikmaq customary law was a subtle and complex normative order, where flux was the universal norm and there was no noun-based system of positive law.
		In fact, there was no word in the Mikmaq language for male or female, or gender.
		The effectiveness of Mikmaq customary law relied on the value placed on self-control or discipline rather than authority from above and responsible behaviour was rewarded with honour, respect and solidarity.
	www.ainc-inac.gc.ca /pr/pub/matr/acl_e.html (947 words)

	United Cherokee Ani-Yun-Wiya nation offering tribal handmade traditional Red Cedar and Hickory wood longbows.
		This way of thinking is evident in the Native Languages and Cultures and in the spiritual practices.
		The fact that the Míkmaw people's language, culture and spiritualism has survived for centuries is based on the creation story.
		In the Míkmaq language Wsitqamúk means "the person or individual who stand upon this surface", or "the one who is given life upon this surface of land".
	www.ucan-online.org /legend.asp?legend=3740&category=7 (3032 words)

	Mi'gmaq Mi'kmaq Micmac Online Talking Dictionary - Home page
		The Aboriginal Canada Portal Offers one stop access to information for and about Aboriginal Canadians on topics such as economic development, employment, culture, claims and treaties, news, justice, communities and upcoming events.
		The Mi'gmawei Mawiomi Secretariat (Tribal Council) was officially founded by consent of the three governing Councils of Gespeg, Gesgapegiag and Listuguj in August of 2000.
		A small non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and promoting American Indian languages, particularly through the use of Internet technology.
	www.mikmaqonline.org /links.html (312 words)

	Government of New Brunswick - Aboriginal Affairs Secretariat
		They were the only languages spoken in the present-day Maritime provinces when the first Europeans arrived.
		Speakers of Mi'kmaq live in the Gaspe Peninsula, in northern and eastern New Brunswick, and in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.
		Mi'kmaqs in Cape Breton do not speak exactly like Mi'kmaqs in New Brunswick or Quebec.
	www.gnb.ca /0016/Wolastoqiyik/languages-e.asp (301 words)

	Eel Ground's Leaders: Mary Ginnish (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I have been teaching Mi'kmaq language at the Eel Ground School for the last twenty four years.
		There was a job opening for a Mi'kmaq language instructor that I successfully applied for.
		I was already working as a language instructor on a part time basis when the opportunity to go to university to obtain my teaching degree presented itself.
	www.eelgroundschool.ca /leaders/mary.html (646 words)

	Native Traditions
		The use of the mi;kmaq language declined drastically in the 20th century.
		Mi'kmaq spoke a language which was a member of the Algonkian family.
		Mi'kmaq is actually correct spelling, but over the years, Micmac has become the more commonly used name.
	www.peicaps.org /betweengen/circle/language.html (518 words)

	LavaCUBED \Society\Ethnicity\The_Americas\Indigenous\Native_Americans\Tribes,_Nations_and_Bands\M\MÃkmaq (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mikmaq Language and the Mi'kmaq Indian Tribe - Language, culture, history and genealogy.
		Mi'kmaq Portraits Collection - The Nova Scotia Museum's collection of portraits and illustrations in various media, of the Mi'kmaq of Atlantic Canada.
		Mi'kmaq Resource Centre - Assembles and preserves the cultural, political, economic, and social history of the Mi'kmaq people.
	www.lavacubed.com /new.cats.php?path=/Society/Ethnicity/The_Americas/Indigenous/Native_Americans/Tribes,_Nations_and_Bands/M/M%c3%adkmaq (520 words)

	Mi'kmaq
		Confederacy of Mainland Mi'kmaq - "The Confederacy of Mainland Mi'kmaqs (CMM) is an organization that was formed in 1986 by the Band Councils of six Mainland Nova Scotia First Nations, namely Afton, Acadia, Horton, Millbrook, Pictou Landing and Shubenacadie.
		The Mi'kmaq Portraits Collection - "The Nova Scotia Museum's Mi'kmaq Portraits database is a collection of portraits and illustrations in various media, of the Mi'kmaq of Atlantic Canada.
		For thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers, the Mi'kmaq called themselves L'nu'k, which simply means 'the people,' 'human beings.' Their present name, Mi'kmaq, derives from nikmaq, meaning 'my kin-friends.' Their descendants are still living in what are now Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and parts of New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Québec.
	www.ldb.org /vl/ai/mikmaq.htm (2225 words)

	Siterating.com ODP-Society:Ethnicity:The_Americas:Indigenous:Native_Americans:Tribes,_Nations_and_Bands:M:MÃkmaq
		Confederacy of Mainland Mi'kmaq - -An organization that was formed in 1986 by the band councils of six mainland Nova Scotia First Nations.
		Mi'kmaq Portraits Collection - -The Nova Scotia Museum's collection of portraits and illustrations in various media, of the Mi'kmaq of Atlantic Canada.
		Mikmaq Language and the Mi'kmaq Indian Tribe - -Language, culture, history and genealogy.
	www.siteratings.com /Society/Ethnicity/The_Americas/Indigenous/Native_Americans/Tribes%252C_Nations_and_Bands/M/M%25C3%2583%25C2%25ADkmaq (564 words)

	Mikmaq - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Míkmaq (Míkmawísimk) Míkmaq is an Algonquin language with about 8,000 speakers in Canada and the USA, mainly in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, but also in Quebec, Newfoundland and Maine The...
		Web portal linking to Mi'kmaq arts, culture, language, history, spirituality, resources and a growing archive of news articles.
		We will be making an online submission form for the Mi'kmaq Business and Service Directory available in the very near future.
	encarta.msn.com /Mikmaq.html (128 words)

	leslang
		Discuss the aspect of language as being a strong element of one's culture.
		Inform the students that the Mi'kmaq of Conne River are currently reviving the Mi'kmaq language.
		language was spoken fluently on the Reserve in the past but has declined over the last twenty five years.
	www.stemnet.nf.ca /~bjeddore/leslang.htm (252 words)

	Native American Culture - Languages
		This language center was established in 1972 by state legislation as a center for documentation and cultivation of the state's 20 Native languages.
		The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee is succeeding at preserving the "NUMU TEKWAPUHA" and restoring it as a living language.
		The Manitoba Metis Federation is in partnership with the Department of Canadian Heritage - Aboriginal Languages initiative and the Metis National Council in a planned three year language project.
	www.ewebtribe.com /NACulture/lang.htm (1374 words)

	Nova Scotia Archives & Records Management - Mi'kmaq Holdings Resource Guide
		The new order was conveyed and perpetuated by the prevailing authorities, mostly through the medium of language, both written and spoken – the language that was built into treaties, policies and government records, articulated in colonial schools and churches, and everywhere embedded in the colonial culture that surrounded and threatened to engulf the Mi'kmaq.
		Over five centuries of interaction, the ancient words of the Mi'kmaq became alienated – but were not lost.
		The new words of the Mi'kmaq speak to a post-colonial consciousness and to a restoration of Mi'kmaq language and history.
	www.gov.ns.ca /nsarm/virtual/mikmaq (574 words)

	Mikmaq Resources
		Mi'kmaq Language and the Mi'kmaq Indian Tribe (Micmac, Mikmaq, Mi'kmaq" comes from a word in their own language meaning "my friends"; it is used both internally and externally now, though Mi'kmaq people fluent in their language.
		Mi'kmaq It is important for Canadians to know about their culture and history, especially our knowledge of the Mi'kmaq and the Mi'kmaq People who have lived in Canada...
		Jeddore is that if the colonial government of Newfoundland had set apart or reserved, for the use and benefit of the Mi'kmaq people of the Conne River settlement, the area along the Conne River between the two posts planted by Mr.
	www.leveillee.net /ancestry/mikmaqresources.htm (1073 words)

	Mikmaq Family Resource Center - News
		Mi’kmaq BBQ July 4th 12:00 -1:00 pm Women, men, and children are all welcome to join us for a BBQ lunch.
		This is a nice time to share your knowledge of your language and to learn some new words.
		Resource Lending Library We have a growing selection of first Nation adult and children books, newsletters, pamphlets, baby gates, car seats, etc. We encourage you to make use of these materials.
	www.mikmaqfamilyresources.ca /news.htm (325 words)

	native americans mikmaq social studies
		Newfoundland Mi'kmaq oral tradition holds that the Mi'kmaq were living in Newfoundland prior to European contact.
		There is some historical evidence that the Mi'kmaq were living in Newfoundland by the 16th century, and by the 17th century there are increasing references to the Mi'kmaq in the historical record." History and culture - illustrated - From Memorial University of Newfoundland - http://www.heritage.nf.ca/aboriginal/micmac.html
		The Nova Scotia Museum's Mi'kmaq Portraits database is a collection of portraits and illustrations in various media, of the Mi'kmaq of Atlantic Canada." -
	www.archaeolink.com /mikmaq.htm (776 words)

	What being Mi'kmaw means to me.
		In the past in Bay St. George (Nujio'qoniik) and especially on the Port au Port Peninsula, it was not fashionable to be French, Mi'kmaq or French speaking Mi'kmaq in a British Colony.
		Start listening to us and we will tell you that we are proud Mikmaq and you can never take that away from us- no matter what you do.
		I have seen that all Mi'kmaq support their fellow Mi'kmaw regardless of which area, which reserve they come from and it makes me think that we have a fighting chance to continue into the future as a united people who have suffered much but in the end survived.
	www.jasenbenwah.ca /being_mikmaw.htm (688 words)

	Indian Baby Names : Society : Ethnicity : The Americas : Indigenous : Native Americans : Tribes, Nations and Bands : M ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Web portal linking to Mi'kmaq arts, culture, language, history, spirituality, resources and a growing archive of news articles.
		The Nova Scotia Museum's collection of portraits and illustrations in various media, of the Mi'kmaq of Atlantic Canada.
		Develops alternatives and promotes Mi'kmaq education, interests and rights and has jurisdiction in Mi'kmaq educational matters.
	www.babynamesindia.com /odp/index.php?c=Society/Ethnicity/The_Americas/Indigenous/Native_Americans/Tribes,_Nations_and_Bands/M/M%c3%adkmaq (440 words)

	Polyglot 3000 – Language Identifier (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Polyglot 3000 is an automatic language identifier that can quick recognize language of some text, phrase and even single word.
		If you want to add language that is not present in "Automatic Language Recognizer", and if you have nothing against spending a few minutes to send me text...
		So please translate it keeping in mind that it would not take you more than 10 minutes of your time.
	www.emulator3000.emuita.it /language-identifier (117 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Mi'kmaq language (also spelled Míkmaq, Mi’gmaq, and Micmac) is an Eastern Algonquian language spoken by around 7,300 Míkmaq in Canada, and another 1,200 in United States, out of a total ethnic Míkmaq population of roughly 20,000.
		Míkmaq is written using a number of Roman alphabet schemes based on those devised by missionaries in the 19th century.
		Previously, the language was written in Míkmaq hieroglyphic writing, a script of partially-native origin.
	www.maxpedia.org /cgi-bin/mp/m.pl?la=en&sw=Mi'kmaq+language (384 words)

	Woman Of Feathers Speaks and Listens (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The most proper name for the Cherokee people would actually be Ani-Yunwiya, which means “The Principle People” in the Cherokee language.
		The Cherokee language itself does not use the ch sound or the r sound as they appear in English.
		I know this says that it is about the Mikmaq in North America...
	womanoffeathers.efx2.com (9072 words)

	Blue Corn Comics -- Squelching the S-Word
		Within the entire Algonkian family of languages, the root or morpheme, variously spelled "squa", "skwa", "esqua", "kwe", "squeh", "kw" etc. is used to indicate "female", not "female reproductive parts." Variants of the word are still in widespread use among northeastern peoples.
		In Algonquian languages, there is the sound at the end of words which is something like "squaw", but it is NOT a word, and can never be used as a word.
		If the real goal is a preserve that history, then the solution is easy — encourage the local Native Nations to rename these places in their original languages, rather than use an English rendition of a controversial word.
	www.bluecorncomics.com /squaw.htm (1790 words)

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