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	MICHAEL CERULARIUS
		Cerularius was stridently anti-Latin and particularly resentful of Rome’s claim of primacy over all Christendom.
		Cerularius answered by rejecting the papal assertion of supremacy and presenting an encyclical embodying the Byzantine defense of independence from and equality with the Western church.
		Cerularius also asserted the superiority of the church over the state, a position that led to his eventual dethronement and exile by the Byzantine emperor Isaac I Comnenus (c.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..mi100300.a (563 words)

	OCA - About Orthodox Christianity
		Michael Cerularius, the patriarch of Constantinople, refused to give the papal legates a hearing because he thought they were politically motivated.
		The official reasons for Humbert's anathema and excommunication of Cerularius were the removal of the filioque from the Creed; the practice of married clergy; and liturgical errors.
		Patriarch Michael Cerularius responded to Humbert's action by excommunicating all responsible" for the July 16 incident.
	www.oca.org /OrthFaithPrintable.asp?ID=144 (857 words)

	Michael I Cerularius - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Patriarch Michael I Cerularius is noted for disputing with Pope Leo IX over church practices where the Roman Church began to differ from Orthodoxy, especially the use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist.
		Michael was so enfuriated that he planned a rebellion to overthrow the Emperor and claim the Imperial Throne for himself.
		Michael I Cerularius, Patriarchs of Constantinople, Eastern Orthodox priests and East-West Schism.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Michael_Cerularius (312 words)

	Cerularius Michael - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Cerularius, Michael (died 1058), patriarch of Constantinople (present-day İstanbul) from 1043-1058.
		Cerularius was patriarch at the time of the...
		Michael (archangel), one of the seven archangels in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, presumed to be leader of the angels (see Daniel 10:13, 21;...
	encarta.msn.com /Cerularius_Michael.html (197 words)

	HISTORY OF THE BYZANTINE GRECO-SLAV SCHISM
		With the great Iconoclast heresy having subsided with the "Triumph of Orthodoxy" in 843 A.D. and union with Rome restored, the internal peace of the Byzantine Greek Church would be again disturbed by the fierce conflict between the supporters of the erudite Patriarch Photius and those of the saintly Patriarch Ignatius.
		Though the Byzantine Greco-Slav Schism did not finalize with the Patriarch Photius or even later with the Patriarch Michael Cerularius in 1054, Photius' attacks on latin liturgical practices and discipline and, more grave, his doctrine denying that the Holy Spirit proceeded from the Father and the Son were to spread among the Byzantines.
		Earlier in that century the canonist Demetrios Chromantianos had taken exception to the opinion of the renowned canonist Theodore Balsamon who held that the Latins could not be admitted to the Eucharist in the Greek churches.
	credo.stormloader.com /byschism.htm (1805 words)

	Michael Cerularius - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1054 he quarrelled with legates sent by Pope Leo IX over church practises which had been differing from the Roman Church for centuries, especially the use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist.
		Michael also quarrelled with Emperor Isaac I Comnenus over confiscation of church property.
		Isaac planned to depose Michael when Michael suddenly died in 1059, though there was no suspicion that he was murdered.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Michael_Cerularius (176 words)

	A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Reformation : L.5, C.2.
		It was the achievement of Cerularius that, intent on maintaining this quasi-independence of the papacy which he found on his accession, he transformed it into the reality of formal schism.
		Cerularius, however, resisted; and then the suicide of his brother wrought a change: of his own will he entered a monastery.
		Cerularius next sent an official account of all this to the other Eastern patriarchs, and he also drew up a lengthy manifesto which set out the Eastern case against Rome.
	www.franciscan-sfo.org /ap/hu/hb5-2.htm (3353 words)

	Eudocia Macrembolitissa - Phantis
		She was also the niece of Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, whose sister married John Macrembolites.
		Michael was old enough to rule on his own, but nevertheless was considered co-emperor with his younger brother, while Eudocia ran the administration of the empire.
		Michael Psellus the younger was very close to the family, and Eudocia considered him an "uncle." According to Psellus she was very noble, beautiful, and intelligent.
	wiki.phantis.com /index.php/Eudocia_Macrembolitissa (389 words)

	Michael VI: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Michael VI Michael VI Michael VI Stratioticus, the warlike, was Byzantine...in dethroning Michael in 1057, who spent the rest of his life in a monastery.
		Michael VI Stratioticus, "the warlike," was Byzantine emperor from 1056 to 1057.
		He was already an old man when chosen by the empress Theodora as her successor shortly before her death in 1056.
	www.encyclopedian.com /mi/Michael-VI.html (257 words)

	JÎ¿hn Î. Karmiris - The Schism of the Roman Church - Chapter III
		They were the aggressors, while Cerularius was rather the defender, whatever reservations one may have as to some of his actions or to the expressions of his character(33).
		Michael Cerularius and the schism of the Churches, in Â«Ecclesiastiki AlitheiaÂ» 3 (1886) 373 seq.
		The Patriarch Îichael Cerularius in the year 1053, that is one decade after his elevation to the patriarchal throne; permitted -or perhaps exhorted- Leo of Bulgaria to write the aforementioned letter and the abbot of the monastery of Studion, Nicetas Stethatus, to publish his study against the Latins' (C.Will op.
	www.myriobiblos.gr /texts/english/roman_church_3.htm (4690 words)

	Constantine X
		Constantine was married to Eudocia Macrembolitissa, the niece of Michael Cerularius.
		He was unpopular with supporters of Isaac, who attempted to assassinate himi in 1060; he was also unpopular with the general population, after he raised taxes to try to pay the army.
		Already old and unhealthy when he came to power, he died in 1067 and was succeeded by his young son Michael VII.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/co/Constantine_X.html (137 words)

	Western Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In response, Michael Cerularius, the Patriarch of Constantinople, ordered all the churches of the Latin rite in Constantinople to be closed.
		This in turn led Rome to anathematise Cerularius and Cerularius to anathematise the Roman legates who excommunicated him.
		The effect of the excommunication was to establish the independence of the Greek church from the Latin church and to permanently divide Christian Europe.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/christ/west/westessay.html (2127 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Constantine X
		Constantine was married to Eudocia Macrembolitissa, the niece of Michael Cerularius.
		He was unpopular with supporters of Isaac, who attempted to assassinate himi in 1060; he was also unpopular with the general population, after he raised taxes to try to pay the army.
		Already old and unhealthy when he came to power, he died in 1067 and was succeeded by his young son Michael VII.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/co/Constantine_X (162 words)

	Civilization I: Lecture / Essay 26 (HIS 1113 Department of History & Political Science--SBU) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Among other things Humbert reasserted the supreme authority of the Papacy, alleged that Michael Cerularius' ordination was invalid, and bitterly reprimanded the patriarch for interfering in matters beyond his patriarchate and for having the audacity to challenge Roman practices as improper.
		Michael Cerularius took one look at Humbert, who was the spokesman, and seems to have sensed that he would be personally unable to maintain amicable discussions with him.
		Among the charges leveled against Michael Cerularius, Leo of Ochrida and other clergy supporting the patriarch was their unofficially amending the Nicene Creed and the use of unleavened bread.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/hi13le26.html (4536 words)

	Constantine IX
		Legates from Pope Leo IX excommunicated Patriarch Michael Cerularius when he would not agree to adopt western church practises, and in return he excommunicated them.
		Theodora, the elderly daughter of Constantine VIII who had ruled with her sister Zoë, was recalled and named empress.
		Constantine was also a patron of the scholar Michael Psellus the younger, whose Chronographica records the history of Constantine's reign.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/co/Constantine_IX.html (264 words)

	Grantian Florilegium: The Great Schism
		The division came during the prelacies of Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople and Leo IX, Pope in Rome.
		The year before, Cerularius had circulated a treatise criticizing a number of the practices of the Roman church in unusually strong terms.
		Cerularius excommunicated all bishops of Constantinople who used the Western ritual and closed down their churches.
	www.kingsmeadow.com /2006/07/great-schism.html (776 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Medieval: Lecture Fifteen (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Michael Cerularius was an ambitious, well-educated man with penetrating insight and decisive administrative competence.
		His official letter in reply to letters of Michael Cerularius and the Emperor did not respond to their positive overtures, rather it furiously reacted to Leo IX and Humbert's understanding of the assertions of Leo of Ochrida.
		Among other things Humbert reasserted the primacy of the Papacy, alleged that Michael Cerularius' ordination was invalid, and bitterly reprimanded the patriarch for interfering in matters beyond his patriarchate and for having the audacity to challenge Roman practices as improper.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34632e15.html (5315 words)

	A History of the General Councils - AD 325 through AD 1870 - Mgr. Philip Hughes
		It was now just over two hundred years since the legates of Pope Leo IX had taken it upon themselves to excommunicate the patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius, in his cathedral of St. Sophia (1054)--an abrupt termination of a dispute that really concemed no one but that high personage and the pope.
		Michael already wrote as though the reunion were accomplished; he was the pope's "most obedient son," and the pope was "sovereign bishop of the whole church, Peter's successor."
		It would simplify Michael's problem if he could present the Greeks with the double fait accompli of an alliance with the West (instead of the papal alliance with their dangerous enemy Charles) and their own acceptance by Rome as Catholics no less dear than the Angevin.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/coun15.html (4033 words)

	Patriarch of Constantinople (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although Cerularius was educated for the civil service rather than for an ecclesiastical career, he was named Patriarch in 1043 by the Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachus.
		Cerularius' ambitious desires for political power, coupled with his inflexible belief in the autonomy of the Eastern Church, led him to thwart Constantine's attempts to ally the Byzantine and Roman empires in defense against the Normans.
		In response, Cerularius convened a Holy Synod and excommunicated all the legates.
	www.reu.org /public/theological/schism1054/webdoc1.htm (307 words)

	The Greek Schism and Apostolic Succession
		In the eleventh century, Patriarch Michael Cerularius led another schism in the East which came to a head with the fall of Constantinople in 1453 to the Turks, making the Greek Church subservient to the Turkish sultan.
		Patriarch Michael Cerularius was excommunicated by Pope Leo IX through delegates.
		It ended with the pope's delegates' excommunicating Patriarch Michael Cerularius and the patriarch, in turn, hurling excommunications at the Church of the West.
	catholiceducation.org /articles/history/world/wh0064.html (4599 words)

	Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -
		Byzantine co-emperor with his father, Andronicus II, from 1295 who, despite his efforts in fighting the Turks and in resisting the encroachments of the Catalan mercenaries, was unable to reverse the decline of the empire.
		The nephew of Michael IV, Michael Calaphates was adopted by his uncle's elderly wife, Empress Zoe.
		Christian feast of St. Michael the Archangel, celebrated in the Western churches on September 29 and in the Eastern (Orthodox) Church on November 8.
	www.britannica.com.au /britannica_browse/m/m62.html (1341 words)

	Michael Cerularius (Site not responding. Last check: )
		1059), také známý jak Michael Keroularios nebo Partriarch Michael já, byl Patriarcha Constantinople od 1043 k 1059.
		Michael také se hádal s císařem Isaac já Comnenus přes konfiskaci vlastnictví kostela.
		Isaac plánoval sesadit Michaela, když Michael najednou zemřel v 1059, ačkoli tam bylo žádné podezření že on byl zavražděn.
	wikipedia.infostar.cz /m/mi/michael_cerularius.html (159 words)

	July 6: East and West Split (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The break came when Michael Cerularius was Patriarch of Constantinople and St. Leo pope in Rome.
		In 1053, Cerularius circulated a treatise criticizing the practices of the Western church in strong terms.
		Humbert was so rude to Cerularius that Cerularius refused to speak with him.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2001/07/daily-07-06-2001.shtml (633 words)

	Michael Cerularius - Definition up Erdmond.Com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1054 he quarrelled with legates sent by Pope_Leo_IX over church practises which had been differing from the Roman Church for centuries, especially the use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist.
		Michael also quarrelled with Emperor Isaac_I_Comnenus over confiscation of church property.
		The schism of Michael Cerularius in 1054 (Unity studies)
	www.erdmond.com /Michael_Cerularius.html (198 words)

	John the Eunuch at AllExperts
		John the Eunuch, also known as the Orphanotrophos ("caretaker of orphans"), was the chief court eunuch during the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Romanus III (1028-1034).
		The Eunuch convinced the empress to adopt Stephen's son Michael as her own, thus ensuring the continuation of the Paphlagonian line.
		In 1043, he was blinded by the patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius and probably died soon after.
	en.allexperts.com /e/j/jo/john_the_eunuch.htm (324 words)

	Michael Cerularius Article, MichaelCerularius Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		1059), also known as MichaelKeroularios or Patriarch Michael I, was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 1043 to 1059.
		Michael also quarrelled with Emperor Isaac I Comnenus overconfiscation of church property.
		Isaac planned to depose Michael when Michael suddenly died in 1059, though there was nosuspicion that he was murdered.
	www.anoca.org /he/church/michael_cerularius.html (198 words)

	Michael Cerularius
		Michael Cerularius is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Constantine was married to Eudocia Macrembolitissa, the niece of Michael Cerularius.
		Michael Cerularius: Encyclopedia II - History of Christianity - The earliest emergence of Christianity
	www.experiencefestival.com /michael_cerularius (1824 words)

	Byzantines
		Michael II the Stammerer or the Amorian (Μιχαήλ Β' ο Τραυλός η Ψηλλος) (770 - 829, ruled 820 - 829) – Strategos, son-in-law of Constantine VI Theophilus (Θεόφιλος) (813 - 842, ruled 829 - 842) – son of Michael II Ste.
		Michael III the Drunkard (Μιχαήλ Γ' ο Μέθυσος) (840 - 867, ruled 842 - 867) – son of Theophilus; assassinated
		Michael V the Caulker (Μιχαήλ Ε' ο Καλαφάτης) (1015 - 1042, ruled 1041 - 1042) – Michael IV's nephew, Zoe's adopted son
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Medieval/Byzantine.html (2132 words)

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