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	Michael Heidelberger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Heidelberger was born in 1888 in New York City to David and Fannie Campe Heidelberger, a traveling salesman and a homemaker.
		Heidelberger took their advice and in 1911 went to Zurich to work for a year in the laboratory of the organic chemist and future Nobel Laureate Richard Willstätter at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule.
		Heidelberger passed muster, and in September 1912 began working in Walter Jacobs' laboratory on a derivative of hexamethylene tetramine, a complex that seemed to prolong the life of monkeys suffering from polio, and that Flexner hoped could be adapted for use in humans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Michael_Heidelberger (1948 words)

	Michael Heidelberger Added to Profiles in Science
		Michael Heidelberger (1888--1991) was the founder of immunochemistry, the branch of biochemistry that examines the immune system of animals on a molecular level.
		Michael Heidelberger was born in 1888 in New York City, and decided at age eight that he wanted to be a chemist, which he himself later judged no more than a "pigheaded idea." He received all of his academic degrees from Columbia University, culminating with a Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 1911.
		In 1923, Heidelberger and his Rockefeller Institute colleague Oswald Avery reported that the substance which determined the virulence of different types of pneumococcus bacteria consisted not of proteins, as most scientists had expected, but of polysaccharides, a form of carbohydrates.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /news/heidelberger_profiles06.html (756 words)

	The Lasker Foundation \| 1978 Winners
		Acknowledged as the father of immunochemistry, Dr. Heidelberger is responsible for determining that the materials enveloping the virulent pneumococcal bacterium are carbohydrates.
		Dr. Heidelberger further determined that the slimy materials which envelop the pneumonia bacteria are composed of complex chemical substances, made up of polysaccharides (sugars), and they cause the system to form antibodies that protect the body against pneumonia bacteria.
		Dr. Heidelberger then validated the importance of his chemical and immunological discoveries by conducting, with others in 1945, clinical trials of a pneumococcal vaccine, which firmly established the tremendous potential value and efficacy of polyvalent polysaccharide bacterial vaccines.
	www.laskerfoundation.org /awards/awards/library/1978c_cit.shtml (704 words)

	The Scientist : Michael Heidelberger
		Michael Heidelberger, an award-winning pioneer in immunochemistry, died June 25 at the age of 103.
		Heidelberger was born in New York and completed his undergraduate and graduate education at Columbia University.
		Heidelberger was also a strong supporter of human rights.
	www.the-scientist.com /article/display/10925 (272 words)

	The Michael Heidelberger Papers: Biographical Information
		Michael Heidelberger was one of the fathers of modern immunology and the founder of immunochemistry, the branch of biochemistry that examines the chemical aspects of immune reactions on a molecular level.
		Michael Heidelberger was born in 1888 in New York City to David and Fannie Campe Heidelberger, a traveling salesman and a homemaker.
		Heidelberger took their advice and in 1911 went to Zurich to work for a year in the laboratory of the organic chemist and future (1915) Nobel Laureate Richard Willstätter at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule.
	profiles.nlm.nih.gov /DH/Views/Exhibit/narrative/biographical.html (2439 words)

	Heidelberger-Kabat Lecture - Columbia University Health Sciences
		At that time, the university instituted a series of lectures on immunochemistry (the branch of biochemistry dealing with the chemical aspects of immunology) to honor the contributions of Dr. Michael Heidelberger, who not only was Columbia's very first professor of immunochemistry, but has also been acknowledged as the founding father of the field.
		Heidelberger and Kabat, longtime colleagues and friends, by sponsoring an annual lecture by a scientist representing the best current research in immunology.
		Heidelberger brought the precise methods of analytical chemistry to the determination of antibodies, antigens, and complement on a weight basis, providing the gold standard against which miniaturized and rapid methods such as RIA and ELISA could be standardized and compared.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/fischbach/lectures/dls_lecture_khl.html (766 words)

	Finding Aid to the Michael Heidelberger Papers, 1901-1990 (bulk 1940-1975)
		Michael Heidelberger (1888-1991) is known as one of the founders of quantitative immunochemistry, and in the course of his career studied, among others, bacterial polysaccharides (particularly pneumococcal), as well as the immunochemistry of proteins, antibodies, and antigens.
		Michael Heidelberger was born April 29, 1888 and died June 25, 1991.
		Other collections containing Heidelberger material are located in the Historical Collections at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia (own a letter to Robert Austrian discussing the health of his wife) and at the American Philosophical Society Library, Philadelphia, in the papers of Florence Barbara Siebert.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /hmd/manuscripts/ead/heidelberger.html (3368 words)

	Papers of Michael Heidelberger Added to Profiles in Science® - Science News - Georgia State University Library
		Michael Heidelberger (1888-1991) was one of the fathers of modern immunology and the founder of immunochemistry, the branch of biochemistry that examines the mammalian immune system on a molecular level.
		His seminal discovery with Oswald T. Avery in 1923 that powerful antigens of pneumococcus bacteria are polysaccharides opened up an expansive new area in the study of microorganisms, and laid a path for a new understanding of infectious diseases, their treatment, and their prevention.
		Individuals interested in conducting research in the Michael Heidelberger Papers are invited to contact NLM.
	www.library.gsu.edu /news/index.asp?view=details&ID=11022&typeID=56 (245 words)

	BookDetails
		Michael Heidelberger, professor of philosophy at the University of TÃ¼bingen, is the author of numerous works on the philosophy of science.
		Michael Heidelberger's exhaustive exploration of Fechner's writings, in relation to current issues in the field, successfully reestablishes Fechner's place in the history and philosophy of science.
		In Heidelbergerâs case there were excellent reasons for producing an English version.
	www.upress.pitt.edu /BookDetails.aspx?bookId=35469 (364 words)

	Profiles in Science: The Michael Heidelberger Papers
		Antigens and Antibodies: Heidelberger and The Rise of Quantitative Immunochemistry, 1928-1954
		The National Library of Medicine is the repository for the Michael Heidelberger Papers, which range from 1901 to 1990.
		Individuals interested in conducting research in the Michael Heidelberger Papers are invited to contact the National Library of Medicine.
	profiles.nlm.nih.gov /DH (357 words)

	How Heidelberger and Avery sweetened immunology -- Van Epps 202 (10): 1306 -- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
		Heidelberger and Avery's discovery came at a time when antibodies
		Heidelberger's contributions to science were not limited to
		But it was his science that won Heidelberger recognition.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/202/10/1306 (522 words)

	KLI Theory Lab - Authors - Michael Heidelberger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Heidelberger, M. The unity of nature and mind: Gustav Theodor Fechner’s non-reductive materialism.
		Heidelberger, M. Concepts of self-organization in the 19th century.
		Heidelberger, M. Fechner und Mach zum Atomismus in der Physik.
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/AuthPage/H/HeidelbergerM.html (327 words)

	TIME.com: Weighing a Complement -- Nov. 9, 1953 -- Page 1
		Work at the Rockefeller Institute on pneumococci (the commonest pneumonia germs) led Manhattan-born Chemist Heidelberger to devise precise ways to measure antigens and antibodies and also a mysterious something in the blood, awkwardly called "complement." There had even been doubt as to whether complement was a substance or a state; Dr.
		Heidelberger and his associates (he is now professor of immunochemistry at Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons) found chemical ways of making guinea-pig serum go twice as far.
		Heidelberger suggested, during a recent trip to India, using the elephant as a mass producer of serum fractions.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,819165,00.html (756 words)

	complement fixation - OmniMedicalSearch.com - complement fixation
		Michael Heidelberger and the Beginning of Immunochemistry Simoni et al 277 36 e24 Journal of Biological Chemistry -- Journal Of Biological Chemistry
		Michael Heidelberger and the Beginning of Immunochemistry -- Simoni et al.
		Michael Heidelberger (1888 1991) was a founder of immunochemistry.
	www.omnimedicalsearch.com /sr_complement_fixation.html?page=2 (528 words)

	The Michael Heidelberger Papers: All Visuals
		[Michael Heidelberger at the award ceremony for the Emil von Behring prizes at Philipps University in Marburg, Germany].
		[Michael Heidelberger in the Dean of Faculty's office at the University of Kyoto School of Medicine].
		[Michael Heidelberger and Frank E. Karelson at the dedication of the Karelson Laboratory at New York University].
	profiles.nlm.nih.gov /DH/Views/Exhibit/other/visuals.html (271 words)

	Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library: Archives & Special Collections
		His mentor, the late Dr. Michael Heidelberger, was regarded as the father of modern immunology.
		Dr. Kabat and Dr. Heidelberger shared Columbia's Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize in 1977 for outstanding research in biochemistry.
		Kabat was Michael Heidelberger's first graduate student at Columbia in the 1930's.
	library.cpmc.columbia.edu /hsl/arch/psdbrecord.cfm?RecordNum=3856 (160 words)

	Michael Heidelberger and the demystification of antibodies -- Van Epps 203 (1): 5 -- The Journal of Experimental ...
		Michael Heidelberger and the demystification of antibodies -- Van Epps 203 (1): 5 -- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
		Articles by Van Epps, H. Michael Heidelberger and the demystification of antibodies
		Heidelberger, M., F.E. Kendall, and C.M. Soo Hoo.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/203/1/5 (538 words)

	Amazon.com: "Michael Heidelberger": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Instrumentation, and Helmholtz's Construction of an Empiricist Theory of Vision"; Michael Heidelberger, "Force, Law, and Experiment: The Evolution of Helmholtz's Philosophy of Science"; and Gary Hatfield, "Helmholtz and Classicism: The Science of...
		Michael Heidelberger is considered by many to be the father of immunochemistry.
		Similarly, his colleague Michael Heidelberger used mostly tables and chem- ical equations.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Michael-Heidelberger (542 words)

	The Lasker Foundation \| Lasker Awards \| History
		The Lasker Awards to Blalock, Taussig and Gross, in 1954, to C.W. Lillehei and his associates in 1955, to Michael DeBakey in 1963 and to John Gibbon in 1968 were, in part at least, the outcome of the opening up of this territory by Cournand's research.
		Much credit for this step goes to Michael Heidelberger, whose work on pneumococcal polysaccharides in Avery's laboratory and later at Columbia established the new science on a firm foundation of analytical chemistry.
		The second one came to him in 1978, and was the direct result of the early studies of pneumococcal polysaccharide which he had begun with 0.
	www.laskerfoundation.org /awards/awardsrb.html (11676 words)

	The Dean's Lecture Series - Columbia University Medical Center
		One example is the Heidelberger-Kabat Lecture, which memorializes Columbia ’s pioneers in immunology, Michael Heidelberger and Elvin Kabat.
		Trained in organic chemistry, Michael Heidelberger embarked on the characterization of the immunologic specificity of pneumococcal polysaccharides in the 1920s and continued this work after his move to Columbia in 1928.
		His work demonstrated that polysaccharides are effective antigens (in the absence of any peptide component), thus dispelling the myth that only proteins could serve as antigens; and that antibodies are proteins, bringing immunochemistry out of the vague realm of colloidal chemistry.
	www.cumc.columbia.edu /events/deanlectures (3508 words)

	Prof. Dr. Michael Heidelberger - Philosophisches Seminar Universität Tübingen
		von Michael Heidelberger und Friedrich Stadler (= Veröffentlichungen des Instituts Wiener Kreis, Band 11), Wien/ New York: Springer 2003, 150 S. History of Philosophy of Science: New Trends and Perspectives, hrsg.
		von Michael Heidelberger, Lorenz Krüger und Rosemarie Rheinwald, Bielefeld: B.
		Michael Heidelberger und Dieter Hoffmann, "'Das bunte Gewand der Theorie'.
	www.uni-tuebingen.de /philosophie/heidelberger/publ.html (2065 words)

	Prof. Michael Esfeld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Michael Redhead and Dr. Jeremy Butterfield, 1996/97), Canberra (with Prof.
		Starting from a metaphysics of relations based on quantum entanglement, this research project seeks to apply this form of structural realism to the relation between space–time and matter and to develop on that basis a position in the metaphysics of causation.
		• “The rehabilitation of a metaphysics of nature”, forthcoming in Michael Heidelberger and Gregor Schiemann (eds.): The significance of the hypothetical in the natural sciences.
	www2.unil.ch /philo/Pages/epistemologie/bio_cv_esfeld/Home_esfeld.html (2423 words)

	Oswald Avery Summary
		In 1922, working with Michael Heidelberger and others at Rockefeller, Avery began to focus his studies on the chemical nature of these substances and eventually identified polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) as the soluble specific substances of pneumococcus.
		Both types 2 and 3 pneumococci contain nitrogen-free carbohydrates as their soluble substances, but the carbohydrates in type 2 are made up mainly of glucose and those of type 3 are composed of aldobionic acid units.
		Avery and Heidelberger went on to show that these various chemical substances account for bacterial specificity.
	www.bookrags.com /Oswald_Avery (7940 words)

	Find in a Library: Michael Heidelberger : April 29, 1888-June 25, 1991
		Find in a Library: Michael Heidelberger : April 29, 1888-June 25, 1991
		Michael Heidelberger : April 29, 1888-June 25, 1991
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/60e4c93bf1377a59a19afeb4da09e526.html (55 words)

	Philosophy and Historiography
		Michael Heidelberger (Tübingen), ‘Emile Boutroux’s conception of the historiography of philosophy: a Franco-German affair’
		Michael Schleeter (Pennsylvania State University), ‘Hegel and the myth of teleological historiography’
		Dr Michael Beaney, Department of Philosophy, University of York, York, YO10 5DD.
	www.york.ac.uk /depts/phil/bshp/confs/historio/historio.htm (1035 words)

	M.S. Mahoney - Historical Perspectives on Models and Modeling
		See my "Algebraic vs. Geometrical Techniques in Newton's Determination of Planetary Orbits", in Paul Theerman and Adele F. Seeff (eds.), Action and Reaction: Proceedings of a Symposium to Commemorate the Tercentenary of Newton's Principia (Newark: University of Delaware Press; London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1993), 183-205.
		See, inter alia, my "The Mathematical Realm of Nature", in Daniel Garber and Michael Ayers (eds.), Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), Vol.
		Michael Heidelberger, "Was erklärt uns die Informatik: Versuch einer wissenschaftstheoretischen Standortsbestimmung", in Informatik und Philosophie, ed.P. Schefe et al.
	www.princeton.edu /~mike/articles/models/models.html (8590 words)

	Florence Rena Sabin, November 9, 1871—October 3, 1953 \| By Philip D. McMaster and Michael Heidelberger \| ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It was believed that these cells which took up foreign substances (antigens) formed antibodies.
		At this time a dark-red, coupled dye protein had just been produced by Heidelberger and Kendall, who had found it to be antigenic in rabbits.
		It was believed that this antigenic dye, if it could be seen inside cells after its injection into animals, would serve as a tracer to indicate something of the fate of antigens in general in the body and the way in which they might stimulate antibody formation.
	www.nap.edu /html/biomems/fsabin.html (12176 words)

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