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Topic: Michael Polanyi

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	20th WCP: Michael Polanyi and Lucian Blaga as Philosophers of Knowledge
		Polanyi emphasizes the role of the activity of the knower in the formation of knowledge and also is aware of their variability while insisting that we aim at truth 'with universal intent' 'although we can never quite get there'.
		Rather, Polanyi tries to integrate both functions in his theory of the personal or tacit component, according to which all assertions of fact express beliefs (or judgements) and are 'essentially accompanied by feelings of intellectual satisfaction or of a persuasive desire and of personal responsibility'.
		Polanyi likewise emphasizes the roles of intellectual frameworks and the activity of the knower in the formation of our knowledge, and also is aware of their variability while insisting that we aim at truth 'with universal intent', although we can never quite get there, a point that Blaga also makes.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Comp/CompBote.htm (2791 words)

	ISCID - Michael Polanyi
		Polanyi was broadly educated, and loved the arts and humanities as well as mathematics and science.
		During World War I, Michael Polanyi served as a medical officer for the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I. While in the war, Polanyi got sick and during his hospitalization and recovery was actually able to write a paper on the thermodynamics of adsorption.
		Michael Polanyi died at the age of 84 on February 22, 1976.
	www.iscid.org /polanyi.php (669 words)

	Michael Polanyi Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Michael Polanyi (1891-1976), a medical doctor, physical chemist, social thinker, and philosopher, made his most important contribution in the area of humanizing scientific inquiry.
		Michael Polanyi was born on March 11, 1891, in Budapest, Hungary, the fifth child of Michael Pollacsek and Cecilia Wohl.
		Polanyi's view meant that the most exact facts could not be separated from the values of the knower and the traditions that guided them.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/michael-polanyi (1245 words)

	Michael Polanyi and tacit knowledge
		Michael Polanyi helped to deepen our appreciation of the contribution of 'tacit knowing' to the generation of new understandings and social and scientific discovery.
		Polanyi's argument was that the informed guesses, hunches and imaginings that are part of exploratory acts are motivated by what he describes as 'passions'.
		Michael Polanyi placed a strong emphasis on dialogue within an open community (a theme taken up later strongly by the physicist David Bohm).
	www.infed.org /thinkers/polanyi.htm (1045 words)

	MICHAEL POLANYI AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
		Polanyi does not intend to contradict the widely-held view that a special feature of science is its capability of producing, perhaps uniquely, what others describe as objective or, perhaps better (see later discussion), reliable knowledge[5].
		Polanyi emphasises that the pursuit of science is far from a value-free activity, as is sometimes suggested to be the case by non-scientists, for it involves strong ethical and fiduciary-type commitments.
		Polanyi emphasises that it is this belief in the rationality of the natural world, allied to an expectation that this will continue to manifest itself in ways of potential importance, that strongly motivates the scientist.
	www.kfki.hu /~cheminfo/polanyi/9912/sheppard.html (2423 words)

	MICHAEL POLANYI'S INTEGRATIVE PHILOSOPHY
		For Polanyi, integration is anchored in and evoked by the significance of the focus of attention, as it became clear in his notion of Intellectual Passions in science.
		For Polanyi, the property of indeterminacy of potentiality does not preclude the achievement of meaning in integration, rather, it opens meaning up to richer possibilities --- as he noted, it is the tension generated by the potentiality which triggers the action.
		Polanyi's `tacit triad: from-to' is implicit, and the `logical structure' is as it is attributed by analogy.
	www.kfki.hu /chemonet/polanyi/9602/mp1.html (4195 words)

	Michael Polanyi -- Philosophy Books and Online Resources
		The Polanyi Society is a scholarly organization whose members are interested in the thought of Michael Polanyi, a scientist and philosopher who lived from 1891 to 1976.
		Michael Polanyi was an eminent physical chemist, economist, and philosopher.
		Michael Polanyi (1891-1976) was a Hungarian medical scientist whose research was mainly done in physical chemistry before he turned into philosophy at the age of 55.
	www.erraticimpact.com /~20thcentury/html/polanyi_michael.htm (959 words)

	HYLE 8-2 (2002): Biography: Michael Polanyi (1891-1976)
		Polanyi followed up Kuhn’s presentation with the comment that he had been trying to call attention to the very view that Kuhn now was arguing, which is a view undercutting philosophical preoccupation with logical positivism and falsification.
		Polanyi and his co-workers dropped their interpretation of the structure of cellulose (which was correct) and inaugurated a program, using the powder and rotating crystal methods for x-ray diffraction, of solid-state analysis for extended fibers and metals.
		Polanyi’s best-known work was in the field of chemical kinetics and dynamics, beginning with work in 1919 in which he was one of those who argued for a radiation hypothesis to explain elementary gas reactions, such as the formation of hydrogen bromide from bromine and hydrogen molecules.
	www.hyle.org /journal/issues/8-2/bio_nye.html (1489 words)

	Postmodern Ethics: Richard Rorty & Michael Polanyi
		Polanyi thought that "The consummation of this destructive process was prevented in the Anglo-American region by an instinctive reluctance to pursue the accepted philosophic premises to their ultimate conclusions" (Meaning, 10).
		Polanyi's real legacy is found in his lengthy description of scientific judgment in Personal Knowledge (1958), which might plausibly be called a Protestant description of science, because it relies on individual judgment and conscience to discern the truth.
		We know Polanyi was a Christian (he was a member of the Church of England), and ultimately his need for a realist metaphysics, something that the scientific numbers and terms really correspond to, caused him to adopt Stoicism; the metaphysical position that says the logos is both a mental order and an empirically discernible order.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Sparta/6997/rorty.html (12067 words)

	Pontifications » Blog Archive » Michael Polanyi on the source of nihilism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Polanyi, the scientist, became convinced that the source of the nihilism and self-destruction that he witnessed rested on a false understanding of the nature of knowledge and the act of knowing.
		Polanyi recognized that this popular understanding of what is objective and therefore trustworthy is deeply flawed and in particular cannot account for science itself and especially for the process of scientific discovery which depends on long schooling in a community of tradition and a passionate faith in the existence of truth.
		Polanyi thought that Augustine had got it right, “I believe in order to understand,” and that belief was foundational to all knowing and that nothing could be doubted except on the basis of some other belief.
	catholica.pontifications.net /?p=1877 (2162 words)

	Learn more about Michael Polanyi in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Michael Polanyi was "a world-class physical chemist who turned to philosophy at the height of his scientific career because he was dismayed at the abuses and restrictions that materialist philosophy, especially in its Marxist guise, was inflicting on scientific research.
		The influential approach to the philosophy of science he articulated in response to this crisis was thoroughly non-reductive in character.
		Polanyi extended this multi-leveled analysis into his discussion of complexity in nature, arguing, for example, that the sort of complexity exhibited in biology could never be reduced to the laws of physics and chemistry.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /m/mi/michael_polanyi.html (286 words)

	Karl Polanyi
		Polanyi was born in Vienna and raised in Budapest, joining, in his student days, the circle of such luminary radicals such as Georg Lukacs and Karl Mannheim.
		Polanyi's central thesis is well known among sociologists and economic historians: namely, that capitalism is a historical anomaly because while previous economic arrangments were "embedded" in social relations, in capitalism, the situations was reversed - social relations were defined by economic relations.
		As a consequence, Polanyi was forced to move to Canada and commute to New York from Toronto for the rest of his career.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/polanyi.htm (615 words)

	Michael Polanyi and the Treason of the Intellectuals - Lee Congdon
		Michael Polanyi and the Treason of the Intellectuals - Lee Congdon
		Michael Polanyi and the Treason of the Intellectuals
		Although Polanyi dated the beginning of his attempts to expose the treason of the intellectuals to the 1930s, he had, in fact, become initially concerned with the question before 1920, in his native Hungary.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1987/august/Sa11914.htm (299 words)

	Amazon.ca: Personal Knowledge: Books: Michael Polanyi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		While I respect Polanyi as a scientist (he was a noted physical chemist), unfortunately I think he's pretty much gone off the deep end in terms of his subjectivistic interpretation of scientific method and of the work of the scientist, which amounts to a form of neo-Kantianism.
		Polanyi's highly convincing model does not come from a Christian commitment, and as his own writing would imply, this has a tremendous impact on how he reasons.
		I'm not sure, whether Polanyi would be pleased by that, but certainly he stands in the tradition of Kant and Wittgenstein, who in their respective develepment of a theory of knowledge point to the fact, that it's always human condition that shapes knowledge.
	www.amazon.ca /Personal-Knowledge-Michael-Polanyi/dp/041515149X (2359 words)

	Polanyi - Tacit Knowledge
		Polanyi emphasises that the human being is knowing all the time, we are switching between tacit knowing and focal knowing every second of our lives, it is a basic human ability to blend the old and well-known with the new and unforeseen, otherwise we would not be able to live in the world.
		Polanyi is mainly interested in transfer of a process-of-knowing from one person to another(s) and he identifies three tacit psycho-social mechanisms for this: Imitation, identification and learning-by-doing.
		Polanyi`s notion of tradition is based on the psycho-social context of scientific professions, which have procedures for enforcing compliance of unwritten rules.
	www.sveiby.com /Portals/0/articles/Polanyi.html (3643 words)

	Rev’d Dr. Leander Harding » Blog Archive » Michael Polanyi, “Moral Inversion” and The Episcopal ...
		Polanyi seems to me to be insistent on the whole structure of knowing depending on the existence of an independent reality and on the possiblity of real knowledge of this reality that is necessarily personal.
		Polanyi again and again asserts the existence of an indpendent reality and talks about how knowledge that is true has an unforseen grasp of reality which unfolds in the future giving further evidence of its adequacy.
		Polanyi also explicitly rejects the idea that science is a privilged way of knowing that produces “real knowledge” compared to the subjectivism (your coherence?) of the rest of the cultural inheritance.
	leanderharding.classicalanglican.net /?p=215 (5291 words)

	Michael Polanyi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From the mid-1930s, Polanyi began to articulate his opposition to the prevailing positivist account of science, arguing that it failed to recognise the part played by tacit knowing and the creative role played by the imagination.
		Polanyi viewed positivism as encouraging some to believe that scientific research ought to be directed by the State.
		Polanyi's philosophical ideas are most fully expressed in the Gifford lectures he gave in 1951–52 at the University of Aberdeen which resulted in the book Personal Knowledge.These ideas would influence the thought and work of Thomas Kuhn in the 1960s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Michael_Polanyi (1213 words)

	2blowhards.com: Michael Polanyi
		Polanyi extends this kind of thinking into meditations (convincing, to my mind) on the role in science of such (non-"objective") factors as personal commitment, inspiration, insight, imagination and faith.
		As you'd guess, and like Hayek and Oakeshott, he had a great deal of respect for tradition and common sense, both of which he saw as embodying far more in the way of knowledge and experience than we'll probably ever be able to uncover.
		Posted by: Michael Blowhard on April 11, 2003 02:20 PM Perhaps Chris will come back to comment on this: one clue, I'd say, is that carpenters' tools were designed by people who were looking for a better way to carpent.
	www.2blowhards.com /archives/2003/04/michael_polanyi.html (1105 words)

	Oxford University Press: Michael Polanyi: William Taussig Scott
		Michael Polanyi was one of the great figures of European intellectual life in the 20th century.
		Polanyi was so convinced of the need to set things right that he left the laboratory and embarked on a career in economics, social analysis, and philosophy to discover and affirm the foundation of personal knowledge on which authentic science and humane societies are based.
		"Michael Polanyi: Scientist and Philosopher is a splendid tapestry that shows how Polanyi's ideas emerge and grow in the context of Polanyi's life as a European scientist and intellectual engaged with the major issues of his time.
	www.us.oup.com /us/catalog/general/subject/ReligionTheology/PhilosophyofReligion/?view=usa&ci=019517433X (763 words)

	Content Frame for the Guide to the Michael Polanyi Papers, 1900-1975 (inclusive) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Michael Polanyi, chemist and philosopher, was born, Budapest, Hungary, 1891.
		Michael Polanyi was born in Budapest in 1891, and though his career as a scientist and philosopher led him far from his native Hungary, the intellectual milieu of his childhood remained a life-long influence on his work.
		Polanyi became a Doctor of Medicine at Budapest University in 1913 and served as a medical officer in the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I. His earliest scientific paper, "Chemistry of Hydrocephalic Liquid," was published at age 19.
	www.aip.org /history/ead/chicago_polanyi/20010098_content.html (7559 words)

	Michael Polanyi Center - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Michael Polanyi Center (MPC) was, between 1999 and 2000, the first center at a research university (Baylor) organized specifically to investigate intelligent design, the idea that life shows scientific evidence of being designed by an intelligent designer.
		As a result in October 1999, Baylor's Michael Polanyi Center was quietly established separately from the IFL and without reference to science academics.
		The Michael Polanyi Center (MPC) is a cross-disciplinary research and educational initiative focused on advancing the understanding of science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polanyi_Center (1177 words)

	Gifford Lecture Series - Biography - Michael Polanyi
		Michael Polanyi was born in March 1891 in Budapest, Hungary.
		Raised and schooled in Budapest, Polanyi remained there to attend the University of Budapest, where he completed a degree in medicine in 1913 and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry four years later on the adsorption of gases on solid surfaces.
		Polanyi rejected the view of science as an objective and logically analysable method that can simply be set out in textbooks.
	www.giffordlectures.org /Author.asp?AuthorID=139 (820 words)

	Michael Polanyi & Tacit Knowledge \| MetaFilter
		As for Mr Polanyi, sounds like he is trying to define the Eureka moment, but his statement that there is no scientific method that can be transmitted as a logical and rigourous method to be learned in textbooks seems way off the mark.
		Perhaps Polanyi conflates categories of knowledge but his contention that there is much we know and communicate which is connotative and implicit as opposed to denotative and explicit has much truth to it.
		I found out about Polanyi when talking to someone at work--I was saying something about how much of what happened in social situations was silent--you know, you're at a party and someone says something gauche or inappropriate and everyone rolls their eyes at each other.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/28799 (1362 words)

	Michael Polanyi
		Michael Polanyi (1891-1976), a physical chemist, was one of the most novel philosophers of sciences in the 20th century.
		Polanyi further expounded upon the concept of tacit knowledge in his book Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post Critical Philosophy (1966).
		Tacit knowledge incorporates so much embedded learning that its rules may be impossible to separate, thus it is almost impossible to reproduce in a document or database.
	www.sos.net /~donclark/history_knowledge/polanyi.html (320 words)

	Audition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Canadian philosopher George Parkin Grant, in an essay written in the 1960s, commented on the widely held assumption in modern societies that the only knowledge that is properly considered objective and public is scientific knowledge, that is, knowledge of hard facts.
		The effect of these questionings on the humanities could not but be enormous." The work of Michael Polanyi is a valuable resource in combatting the assumptions about the unique worth of scientific knowledge.
		Polanyi, who lived from 1891 to 1976, was first a scientist (an accomplished physical chemist) who turned to philosophy later in his life in order to address some of the social crises prompted by the misleading ideals of objectivity derived from science.
	mhadigital.org /index.php?post_id=121065 (268 words)

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