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	Michael of Cesena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Michael of Cesena (Michele di Cesena) (1270 – November 29, 1342) was a Franciscan, general of that Order, and theologian, born at Cesena, a small town in Italy.
		In 1329 he was declared to be deposed from the Franciscan leadership, now controlled by the Pope, and he left in the entourage of Louis for Germany, where he died.
		Michael de Cesena was one of the historical characters in Umberto Eco's novel The Name of the Rose.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Michael_of_Cesena (184 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Michael of Cesena
		The Bull was warmly opposed by Michael and his party, who claimed that in adopting the strict poverty upon which Michael had insisted in his letters, they were following the example and teaching of Christ and His Apostles.
		The controversy continued unabated until, in 1327, Michael was summoned to appear before the pope.
		Michael" (25 Nov., 1330) and in "Christianæ fidei fundamentum", in which he accused the pope of heresy in the three Bulls, "Ad Conditorem Canonum", Cum inter nonnullos", and "Quia quorumdam".
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10274b.htm (668 words)

	Robert Wagner - about William of Ockham
		On Dec. 1, 1327, the Franciscan general Michael of Cesena arrived in Avignon and stayed at the same convent; he, too, had been summoned by the pope in connection with the dispute over the holding of property.
		Michael maintained that because Christ and his Apostles had renounced all ownership and all rights to property, the Franciscans were justified in attempting to do the same thing.
		The relations between John and Michael grew steadily worse, to such an extent that, on May 26, 1328, Michael fled from Avignon accompanied by Bonagratia and William.
	www.physik.tu-muenchen.de /~rwagner/me/ockham.html (1166 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gerardus Odonis
		The previous minister general, Michael of Cesena, had been deposed by John XXII on 6 June, 1328, on account of his rebellious attitude towards the Holy See in the discussion regarding the rule of poverty (see Fraticelli and Michael of Cesena).
		These rulers were unwavering protectors of the rigid adherents to the rule of poverty as well as of the followers of Michael of Cesena and of the Fraticelli.
		The procurator of the Scotch king in Paris having reported, however, that his master was not to be found in Scotland, John recalled the commission of the legates, 31 Oct., 1333.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06468b.htm (954 words)

	Art Bulletin, The: Judas and the Franciscans: perfidy pictured in Lorenzetti's Passion cycle at Assisi
		From 1316, with the elections of Michael of Cesena and Pope John XXII, the tide turned decisively against the Spirituals.
		Five days later, Michael of Cesena summoned all those detained in the Curia, showed them the bull, and asked whether they would obey it and, further, whether they accepted the pope's right to make such precepts.
		Whether or not Michael of Cesena or John XXII sympathized with the Spirituals' views on usus pauper, the threat the zealots were perceived as posing to the unity of the order had become the paramount consideration.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0422/is_1_86/ai_n6073150/pg_6 (1634 words)

	Intro to OND
		Michael of Cesena had issued two "appeals" against documents in which John attacked Franciscan doctrine and practice, and John had replied to these appeals in another document known (from its opening words) as Quia vir reprobus.
		Throughout OND Ockham refers to the dissident Franciscans as "the attackers", to John as "the attacked", and to Michael as "the appellant" (John refers to Michael as "this heretic").
		Michael pointed out that John's language suggests that he does not regard knowledge as a key of the Church at all (see 120.1-14); in his reply John confirms this interpretation by arguing that knowledge is not a key of the Church (see 121.1-40).
	www.humanities.mq.edu.au /Ockham/ONDintro.html (14471 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Early Modern: Lecture Two (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The ideas of Marsiglio and John were not as appealing or as influential in the short term as were the ideas of William of Ockham, the most significant philosopher and theologian of the century, and Michael of Cesena, Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor.
		Michael subsequently became critical of the whole papal position and advocated the general council as the supreme authority in the church.
		Both Michael of Cesena and William of Ockham believed sincerely that John XXII was demonstrably guilty of heresy in his proceedings against the Franciscans.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34633e02.html (4331 words)

	Franciscan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some of them, encouraged by the strongly Observantist general Michael of Cesena, ventured to dispute the Pope's right so to deal with the provisions of his predecessor.
		Appealing from this decision, Bonagratia, Occam, and Michael of Cesena were imprisoned at Avignon for four years, until they escaped by the help of the Emperor Louis the Bavarian.
		Only a small part of the order, however, joined them, and at a general chapter held in Paris (1329) the majority of all the houses declared their submission to the Pope.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Franciscan (4587 words)

	Nonconformist Church History: William of Ockham (1285-1347/9)
		Michael of Cesena maintained that Jesus' teaching and the way he sent the apostles out did indeed demonstrate that worldly goods were an encumbrance and so the Franciscans were right to follow that rule.
		The differences were irreconcilable, and fearing for his life, Michael of Cesena fled from Avignon to the protection of the Holy Roman Emperor, Louis IV of Bavaria; William and another Franciscan who opposed the Pope on this issue went with him.
		During late 1328, while under the protection of Louis IV, William was instructed by his superior within the order to follow the doctrines contained in several bulls issued by the Pope on the subject of poverty.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /cj.tolley/nch-william-ockham.htm (1315 words)

	May 26 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In December 1327, Ockham was brought into a theological dispute with the pope on the issue of Franciscans taking a vow of poverty.
		When Michael Cesena asked him to comment on the dispute (Cesena believed in the vow of poverty but the pope disagreed), Ockham wrote the reply accusing John of heresy.
		Upon learning on their imminent condemnation, Ockham fled the city under the protection of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV, who was also in conflict with the pope over papal authority over the Holy Roman Empire and had been excommunicated in 1324.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/May_26 (1203 words)

	William of Ockham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Summoned to Avignon in 1324 by Pope John XXII on accusation of heresy, William spent four years there in effect under house arrest while his teaching and writing were being investigated.
		During this period, at the request of Brother Michael of Cesena, head of the Franciscan order, Ockham investigated the controversy between the Franciscans and the Papacy on the doctrine of apostolic poverty, which was central to Franciscan doctrine but anathema to the Pope.
		Before a conclusion was reached about the heresy or orthodoxy of William's philosophy, he fled Avignon on May 26, 1328 with Michael of Cesena and a few other friars.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/William_of_Ockham (544 words)

	Encyclopedia: Michael of Cesena
		Franciscans is the common name used to designate a variety of mendicant religious orders of men or women tracing their origin to Francis of Assisi and following the Rule of St....
		Cesena (ancient Caesena) is a city in the Italy, south of Ravenna and west of Rimini, on the Savio River, population (july 2004) 93,110, co-chief of the Province of Forli-Cesena.
		Photo of Umberto Eco by Robert Birnbaum Umberto Eco (born January 5, 1932) is an Italian novelist and philosopher, best known for his novels and essays.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Michael-of-Cesena (503 words)

	William of Ockham [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		At the chapter of the order in Perugia, Ockham and Bonagratia were the chief supporters of the general Michael of Cesena.
		In 1329 a general chapter held in Paris deposed Michael of Cesena from his office, and two years later he and his adherents were expelled from the order.
		In 1342 Michael of Cesena died, transmitting the seal of the order and his claims to its headship to Ockham.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/o/ockham.htm (3433 words)

	Michael of Cesena -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was an advocate of ecclesiastical poverty, in which dispute he found himself ranged against (Click link for more info and facts about Pope John XXII) Pope John XXII.
		He was detained here by the Pope, along with (English scholastic philosopher and assumed author of Occam's Razor (1285-1349)) William of Ockham.
		Michael de Cesena was one of the historical characters in (Click link for more info and facts about Umberto Eco) Umberto Eco's novel (Click link for more info and facts about The Name of the Rose) The Name of the Rose.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mi/michael_of_cesena.htm (207 words)

	Eco - Papers: "Essay on the Name of the Rose"
		William's mission was to mediate between delegations from Pope John XXII and Michael of Cesena, which would be meeting there.
		The purpose of this gathering was to ensure Michael's safe passage to and from the papal palace at Avignon, where he hoped to secure endorsement for various church reforms.
		He also makes clear in the course of the brief trial that Michael of Cesena will not succeed in gaining support for his views; the Church has no use for reformers who challenge its hegemony.
	www.themodernword.com /eco/eco_rose_essay.html (1718 words)

	FRATICELLI - LoveToKnow Article on FRATICELLI
		It is equally absurd to include in the same category the ignorant Bizocchi and Segarellists and such learned disciples of Michael of Cesena and Louis of Bavaria as William of Occam and Bonagratia of Bergamo, who have often been placed under this comprehensive rubric.
		Under Pope Clement V., and more especially under Pope John XXII., fresh Spirituals joined them; and this group of exalted and isolated ascetics soon began to regard itself as the sole legitimate order of the Minorites and then as the sole Catholic Church.
		After being excommunicated as schismatics and rebels, founders of a superstitious sect, and propagators of false and pestiferous doctrines, they proceeded to elect a general (for Michael of Cesena had disavowed them) and then a pope called Celestine (L. Wadding, Annales, at date 1313).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FR/FRATICELLI.htm (1050 words)

	cesena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cesena was originally an Umbrian town, then taken over by Romans in the 3rd century BC.
		Cesena was on the border that the Exarchate of Ravenna shared with the Lombards...
		forlì forli cesenatico cesena usl sassuolo centri commerciali borsino romagna veneto santarcangelo cesena commercio milano marittima lavoro telelavoro cesena...
	www.nieddu.biz /srl/cesena+.cgi (644 words)

	Timeline - Up to 1330
		Pope John XXII declares that the theory that Christ and his apostles had no possessions, either individually or in common, is null and void, despite the defense put forward by Michael of Cesena, general of the Franciscan order.
		He also excommunicates Michael of Cesena, William of Occam, and Bonagratia di Bergamo.
		Having responded to the pope's summons, and having refused to yield to the pope in the matter of the doctrine of Christ's possessions, Michael of Cesena, accompanied by William of Occam and Bonagratia di Bergamo, flees Avignon, rather than be imprisoned, and seeks protection from Louis of Bavaria.
	www.maisonstclaire.org /timeline/timeline.html (2541 words)

	William of Ockham
		The Franciscans held this view, and maintained that their own practices were a special form of “imitation of Christ.” Pope John XXII rejected the doctrine, which is why Michael of Cesena was in Avignon.
		The Spirituals, among which were Ockham, Michael of Cesena, and the other exiles who joined them in fleeing Avignon, tried to preserve the original ideal of austere poverty practiced and advocated by St. Francis himself (c.
		Meanwhile, Michael of Cesena, acting with insolent audacity, did not await the Holy See's decision: on 30 May 1322 the chapter-general [of the Franciscan order] at Perugia declared itself convinced of the absolute poverty of Christ and the Apostles.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/ockham (9903 words)

	Ockham and the Dialogus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Most members of the Franciscan Order submitted to the Pope's decrees, but in 1328 the head of the Order (Michael of Cesena) and several others including William of Ockham broke with John XXII and eventually sought the protection of the "Roman Emperor", Ludwig of Bavaria, who was already in dispute with John XXII.
		Part 1 (which we refer to as "1 Dial."), written apparently fairly soon after his break with the pope, is a thorough discussion of topics relating to heresy and heretics.
		The dissident Franciscans were accusing John XXII of teaching heresy and of having become a heretic, and the pope referred to their leader, Michael of Cesena, as "this heretic".
	www.britac.ac.uk /pubs/dialogus/wock.html (3435 words)

	Ubertino of Casale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ubertino of Casale (Ubertino di Casale) was an Italian minorite and one of the leaders (together with Michael of Cesena; preceded by Peter Olivi) of the stricter branch of the Franciscan Christian order.
		Ubertino (as well as Michael of Cesena) appear as minor, yet important characters in Umberto Eco's famous historical novel, The Name of the Rose (1980).
		This page was last modified 23:05, 28 August 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ubertino_of_Casale (124 words)

	William Of Ockham and the Death Of Universals - Neal Magee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There, he met Michael of Cesena, who was also under papal charges, and together they began to review the papal constitutions on apostolic poverty.
		In 1328, Ockham and Cesena fled to the protection of Emperor Louis IV of Bavaria, the political opponent of the pope in Italy and Germany.
		In the Franciscan convent in Munich, Ockham wrote mostly political treatises for the last two decades of his life, mainly aimed at John XXII and his successors.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /ockam01.htm (4079 words)

	Articles index started with mi
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	www.kiwipedia.com /mi-index.html (88 words)

	Ockham and Infallibility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During the night of May 26th, 1328, Michael of Cesena, Minister General of the Franciscan Order, accompanied by several members of his order including William of Ockham, fled from the court of pope John XXII at Avignon.
		[1] For some time John had been in conflict with 'spirituals' or 'zealots' among the Franciscans and at first had had Michael's cooperation; indeed Michael had handed over to the Inquisition certain 'spirituals' who refused to promise obedience to one of John's rulings, and four of them had been burned.
		After leaving Avignon Michael and his companions made their way to Ludwig in Italy and then returned with him to his court at Munich.
	www.britac.ac.uk /pubs/dialogus/winf.html (9176 words)

	[No title]
		Paris deposed Michael of Cesena from his office, and two years later he and his adherents
		Ockham became one of the emperor's principal advisers and
		Michael of Cesena died, transmitting the seal of the order and his claims to its headship to
	www.chez.com /moderniterepublique/lifeock.htm (3099 words)

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