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Topic: Michel Aflak

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	Aflak vicki rene Aflak
		Michel ‘Aflaq (1910 – June 23, 1989) was the ideological founder of Ba’athism, a form of Arab nationalism.
		Upon returning to the Middle East he became a school teacher and was active in political circles.
		In September of 1940 (by which time due to France's defeat Syria was run by Vichy France, Michel ‘Aflaq together with Salah al-Din al-Bitar set up the nucleus of what was later to become the Ba’ath Party.
	www.find-ask.com /Encyclopedia/Aflak/Aflak.html (872 words)

	Michel Aflak Definition / Michel Aflak Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Michel ‘Aflaq (1910 Events January-April January - In Greece, the Military League forces parliament and the king to summon National Assembly to revise Constitution.
		January 15- In Britain, General Election held in response to House of Lords rejection of David Lloyd George's (1909) budget results in reduced Liberal Party majority (Liberals, 275 seats; Labour, 40; Irish Nationalists, 82; Unionists (the title then preferred by the British Conservative Party), 273).
		Michel Aflak is a Greek Orthodox who transferred to Islam.
	www.elresearch.com /Michel_Aflak (431 words)

	Iraq and Geopolitics (Part 2) \| EnergyBulletin.net \| Peak Oil News Clearinghouse
		Aflak remained a leader of the party until his death in 1989.
		Aflak saw the dispersed Arab peoples as a single nation the destiny of which rests with the aspiration of becoming a single state with its own independent role in the world as a major power.
		Although persuaded of the importance of secularity, Aflak recognized the indigenousness of Islam to Arab culture and advocated socialism in a tribal context.
	www.energybulletin.net /1940.html (6740 words)

	[No title]
		IT WAS THE FIRST TIME THAT AFLAK, A WITHDRAWN, SEEMINGLY GENTLE INTELLECTUAL WHO HAS SANCTIONED THE EXECUTIONS OF HUNDREDS OF POLITICAL OPPONENTS, EMERGED FROM HIS SHADOWY POSITION BEHIND THE SCENES.
		AFLAK WAS PROFOUNDLY SHAKEN BY THE 1948 ARAB DEFEAT IN PALESTINE.
		MICHEL AFLAK, AS SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE BAATH CENTRAL COMMITTEE, HAS SURVIVED AS THE ONLY STABLE ELEMENT IN BAATH.
	www.ifs.tuwien.ac.at /~andi/somlib/data/time60/files/T509 (1767 words)

	:: MEDEA ::
		The Baath movement was created in Damascus in the 40's by the Christian Michel Aflak and the Sunni Muslim Salah ad-Din Bitar.
		According Michel Aflak the Arab peoples form a single nation with the aspiration of becoming a State with its own specific role in the world.
		Two pan-Arab headquarters were set up, one in Damascus, the other in Baghdad where Michel Aflak had found refuge after the Baath Party had risen to power in July 1968 with Saddam Hussein in a key position.
	www.medea.be /?page=2&lang=en&doc=25 (412 words)

	Jawad M. Hashim, JMH International: Gallery
		From the front-left: Dr. Abdulwahab Al-Kayyali; Michel Aflak (founder of the Ba'ath Party); and Dr. Jawad Hashim.
		Aflak and Kayyali paying a visit to the Ministry of Planning.
		Al-Ameri was later dismissed from his port, became seriously, and died in Vienna while receiving treatment.
	www.cavecybernation.com /jawad/gallery/19.html (66 words)

	Saddam Hussein and Iraq
		Its leading intellectual was a Christian, Michel Aflak, who remained a leader of the party until his death in 1989.
		The Baath party had initial political success in Syria, but its leaders were exiled in 1961 after Syria's experiment with a union with Egypt failed.
		Michel Aflak and others took up residence in Iraq.
	www.newsbatch.com /iraq.htm (3257 words)

	Michel Toufic Obeid (Lebanon), leb.org
		Michel Toufic Obeid - I'am a friend of you alllll...
		Your message will be rerouted to Michel's personal email address.
		Please note that leb.org supports a spam-free Internet environment, and may, by means of advanced filters, delete marketing or obscene messages.
	www.leb.org /v3/display/20268/lebanon/michel-obeid (61 words)

	Iraq News Network - Background Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		These were three years of struggle between nationalists and regionalists, between the advocates of authentic unity and vestigial separatism, between the revolutionary Arab movement and the regime exercising power in its name.
		He worked closely with Professor Michel Aflaq for decades and was able to explain the thoughts of the founder of the Baath Party eloquently and in depth.
		We will continue to publish some of the literature of this important and very impressive movement that introduced a revolutionary vision to the masses of the Arab World to liberate and reunify their Homeland in a single state that stretches from the Arab Gulf in the East to Mauritania in the West.
	www.iraq-news.de /index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=18&Itemid=201 (5329 words)

	Asia Times
		Saddam's intellectual master is Syrian Michel Aflak, a Greek Orthodox Christian professor who in 1940 co-founded the Ba'ath Party as a nationalist, socialist and pan-Arab party.
		Aflak thought that "an idea does not exist by itself: it is incarnated in the physical person who must be physically eliminated so the idea will also disappear".
		In this context, the American war plan might have been conceived by Aflak: to eliminate Saddam is to eliminate the Ba'ath system.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/EC14Ak05.html (3651 words)

	IslamiCity Forum: Iraq - Killing Field of the Kuffar
		Aflak was to complete what Mustafa Kemal had begun.
		By 1956 Aflak was publicly calling for political union between Egypt and Syria.
		In October 1957 Aflak had met with Nasser, and on 14 January 1958 with Salah al-Bitar, the Ba’athist Foreign Minister of Syria.
	www.islamicity.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=3280&PN=1 (4405 words)

	MidEast Web - A brief history of Islam and the Arabs
		In particular, the Ba'ath party was founded in Syria in 1928 by Michel Aflak and Salah al-Din Bitar with a pan-Arab nationalist program and elements of both Marxism and fascism.
		Aflak and Bitar were influenced by Arab nationalist trends that had begun in time of the Turks, inspired in part by the Islamic and Arab reform ideologies of
		While Aflak was a Greek Orthodox Christian, Ba'ath ideology adopted an affinity for Islam, and Pan-Arabists saw one of their goals as asserting the primacy of the Arabs in the Muslim world.
	www.mideastweb.org /islamhistory.htm (7487 words)

	IP5
		Movements such as the Green Shirts of Young Egypt, or Antun Sa'ada's Parti Popular Syrien were determined to break with the dominant British and French imperialisms in the Middle East, and to embark on a statist project to promote capitalist industrialization.
		All these movements were resolutely secular in their ideology, often with Christians, like Sa'ada and Aflak, providing the leadership.
		The Arab nation, not the Muslim umma, provided the social base which these movements sought to mobilize in the interests of the statist-developmentalist model that they instantiated.
	ca.geocities.com /red_black_ca/ip5.htm (1258 words)

	Gulfnews: Saddam and personality cult (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Its ideology was borne of centuries of occupation of Arab lands, first by the Ottoman Empire, then the British and French.
		The party was founded by Michel Aflak, a Syrian Christian, and Salah a-Din Bitar, a Syrian Muslim, while studying at the Sorbonne.
		"Imagine how charming I found these slogans, especially when supported by Aflak," said Dhirgham J. Kadhim, a former party member who fled Baghdad in the 1970s and is now a member of the expatriate opposition.
	archive.gulfnews.com /articles/03/04/08/83551.html (1185 words)

	Iraq and Syria: The Dilemma of Dynasty - Middle East Quarterly - Spring 2002
		This was not a completely new departure: Ba‘th ideologues had never conceived of Arab nationalism as a strictly secular ideology.
		Everything that Islam has achieved in victories and culture was in the germinal in the first twenty years of the message.
		Michel Aflak, Choice of Texts from the Ba‘th Party Founder's Thought (Florence: Cooperativa Lavoratori, 1977), pp.
	www.meforum.org /article/171 (5086 words)

	© Copyright 2006
		The now defunct Ba'ath movement was started in Damascus in the 1940's by the Christian, Michel Aflak and the Sunni-Muslim Salah ad-Din Bitar.
		In Syria those known as "Regionalists" led by Hafez Al Assad, as opposed to the "Nationalists" who were more in favor of a strictly Arab line, became the dominant force within the party after it gained power in 1963.
		Two pan-Arab headquarters were set up, one in Damascus, the other in Baghdad where Michel Aflak had found refuge after the Ba'ath Party had risen to power in July 1968 with Saddam Hussein (Husayn) in a key position.
	www.thesahara.net /what_happens_now_to_iraq.htm (1920 words)

	From Grandfather to Grandson
		ASSAD's son declared the BAATH party regional headquarters in Damascus the real party and MICHEL AFLAK's Baath party in Baghdad the fake one.
		The same story is repeating itself and the same tactics are used by ASSAD's Grandson with the Lebanese Phalange Party.
		THE ASSAD CLAN have proved to be very clever so far, but we have a saying in Lebanon that goes like this: "The mistake of the smart is worth thousand mistakes.
	www.clhrf.com /raphael/raphael22.7.02.htm (774 words)

	The Head Heeb: Comment on Two ways to be an Arab Jew
		But I'm not sure why you think this is the appropriate comparison than the equally simple comparison to Arab Christians, who are clearly Arabs who happen to be Christian.
		She should be free to be like anyone she wants to be, although certainly here I think it's interesting to think about the reasons for which some hail who she wants to be as an identity to be taken up and/or as "proof" of one thing or another.
		Actually, I think this is an incorrect reading of both the actual actions of Communist parties and their relationship to their respective nationalisms.
	www.blogmosis.com /cgi-bin/mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=19749 (4903 words)

	Some questions to the FPM - FPM Forums
		even michel mouawad's revealed today that he used to have lunch at ghazi kanaan's house...
		The first plan was to just create chaos in the "east beirut" to make people uprise against Aoun; however since this is was not successful the confrontation escalated rapidly into an armed conflict.
		If you can read Fayez Kazi book "From Michel Aflak to Michel Aoun", it is a kind of autobiography, in which he talked abouthis political life and he also described the situation between 1988 and 1990, where he was involved in political life in a discreet manner.
	www.lfpm.org /forum/showthread.php?t=5398 (3161 words)

	Aflak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		AFLAK - 8, rue Vignemale - 64000 Pau - France.
		AFLAK, photographe et reportage dossiers aflak nama.jpg ashley*
		Samir J. As Aflak said write them, well, better to email them at this point.
	www.exact-incomparable-club.be /Aflak.php (2942 words)

	Friends of Democracy: March 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Baath Party founder Michel Aflaq also was heavily influenced by Fichte, who was an early proponent of German nationalism.
		The experiments of two peoples – Syrians and Iraqis – prove that terrorism is a part of the Baath’s ideology.
		The party relies in part on the Arab Nationalism of its founder Michel Aflak.
	www.friendsofdemocracy.info /2005/03 (5512 words)

	AEI - Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There is a lot of affinity between the Arab nations; they haven't managed so far to unite into what the great pan-Arab thinkers, Satiel Husseri [ph] in the 1920s, '30s, and '40s, and Michel Aflak, the founder of the Ba'ath party in the 1940's, '50s, '60s, '70s, wanted to happen.
		The ideology is a bizarre cocktail of Ba'ath historical ideology as created, so to say, by Michel Aflak and Salah al Din Bitar, those two great doyens of the Ba'ath party in the 1940's.
		And last but not least, this modernizing secular inclination--let us not forget the founding father of the party was a Christian Greek Orthodox Arab from Damascus, Michel Aflak.
	www.aei.org /events/eventID.24/transcript.asp (13948 words)

	The Gulf War
		In order to understand the nature of this ideological conflict a summarization of both are given.
		The Ba'ath party is a nationalist party that was established in Syria on April 7, 1947, by Michel Aflak.
		The main goals of this party, as stated by its constitution, is to achieve unity, freedom and socialism.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1990/TMF.htm (5725 words)

	Israel Studies--Reconciling Two Great Loves
		It seems fair to say that Habiby's literary endeavors were rather low on his agenda at this point in his career, and he had not yet come to regard himself as a "novelist." Other Arab writers, such as Michel Haddad, who was supposedly closely identified with the "Establishment," were also not invited.
		Jahshan added that, in the Arab world, there are those who speak about peace, such as the Syrian Michel Aflak, one of the founding fathers of the Ba'ath Party.
		Michel Haddad, A Variety of Arabic Poetry in Israel (Nazareth, 1958) [Arabic].
	iupjournals.org /israel/iss4-1.html (6755 words)

	Dhimmi Watch: Interview with Bat Ye'or (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The whole Arab nationalist movement of the early 20th century was constructed and supported with the rejection of Israel in mind.
		Ba'ath Party founder and convert to Islam, Michel Aflak, from the 1930s opposed the existence of the state of Israel on religious and political grounds.
		Opposition persisted even in England, which sought the mandate from the League of Nations for the Jewish National Homeland in Palestine.
	www.jihadwatch.org /dhimmiwatch/archives/2005/04/005619print.html (425 words)

	The Command Post - Iraq - Germany to work only with UN to rebuild Iraq
		Both Ba'ath founder Michel Aflak and Hitler are known to have been students and admirers of the theory and mechanisms used by Ataturk.
		Hitler and Ataturk shared more closely ideas of forging the state through ethnic cleansing and pushing boundries out for "living space" while Mussolini was more of a traditional "empire" advocate.
		Aflak varied in this more considerably from the others, in modern terms less expansionist, but that is not to say any less brutal.
	www.command-post.org /archives/004998.html (3157 words)

	Bulletins 241
		(Editor’s Note: Michel Aflak was one of the founders, and the main theoretician, of the Baath Party, of which Saddam Hussein was a member.) A storm of applause greeted these words.
		Then this historic fighter for the Kurdish cause found the right words to re-assure the Arab majority, and particularly the Sunni minority that had lost the power they had monopolised for decades.
		He swept aside the appeal from his French opposite number, Michel Barnier, for an “effort of memory” on Ankara’s part.
	www.institutkurde.org /en/publications/bulletins/bulletins.php?bul=241 (17854 words)

	Ecce Libano: Pharaonism Exhumed
		Ali Salem, another courageous Egyptian—and a non-Christian to boot—analyzed in great detail over at Across the Bay, advocates ideas perhaps stemming from Hussein’s Pharaonism, but more in tune with Michel Chiha’s “syncretic” Mediterraneanism.
		But just for our purposes here, look at his apt portrayal—in the last five lines of this excerpt—of the insularity and thuggish instincts of Arabism and the liberal diverse nature of Mediterraneanism.
		“I don’t advise you” of ignoring your pre-Arab forefathers, says an anthropomorphic Arab nationalism; “I order you!” The carcasses of Sati’ al-Husri and Michel Aflak should be proud of the blinkered “thinkers” and bullies their ideas continue to spawn!
	eccelibano.blogspot.com /2006/07/pharaonism-exhumed.html (2264 words)

	Research Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		And I was just going -- you know, this would be a good chance to just speak to me about its origins and its development, where it came from and how it developed to where it is today.
		GHADRY: Senator, the history of the Baath Party goes back to late '20s, early '30s, when a gentleman by the name of Michel Aflak, who was a Syrian, and another gentleman by the name of Salah a-Din.
		Aflak had had during his many visits to
	www.defenddemocracy.org /research_topics/research_topics_show.htm?doc_id=267272&attrib_id=9038 (9345 words)

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