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Topic: Michel Micombero

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	Michel Micombero - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Michel Micombero (1940–July 16, 1983) was the President of Burundi from November 28, 1966 to November 1, 1976.
		Michel Micombero was a young Tutsi army captain who had been born in Rutovu.
		Micombero became Prime Minister on July 11, 1966 and was the real power in the nation technically ruled by King Ntare V.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Michel_Micombero (339 words)

	Burundi - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Loyalist police led by Captain Michel Micombero, a Tutsi, thwarted the rebels, but the mwami fled the country.
		In July 1966 he was declared deposed by his son, Mwami Ntare V. Four months later Micombero led a successful coup, declared Burundi a republic, appointed himself president, and established a National Revolutionary Committee to help stabilize his regime and develop the economy.
		Micombero was ousted in a bloodless coup in November 1976.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761573494___32/Burundi.html (1344 words)

	Burundi - MSN Encarta
		Police loyal to the Tutsi, led by Captain Michel Micombero, thwarted the Hutu rebels, but the mwami fled the country.
		Four months later Micombero led a successful coup, declared Burundi a republic, appointed himself president, and established a National Revolutionary Committee to help stabilize his regime and develop the economy.
		President Micombero was ousted in a bloodless coup in November 1976.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573494_6/Burundi.html (1456 words)

	History of Burundi
		The 1965 assassination of the Hutu prime minister set in motion a series of destabilizing Hutu revolts and subsequent governmental repression.
		In 1966, King Mwambutsa was deposed by his son, Prince Ntare IV[?], who himself was deposed by his prime minister Capt. Michel Micombero[?] in the same year.
		Micombero abolished the monarchy and declared a republic, although a de facto military regime emerged.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bu/Burundi___History.html (649 words)

	Burundi
		Later that year Charles, now Ntare V, was deposed by his prime minister, Capt Michel Micombero, who declared Burundi a republic.
		Micombero was a Tutsi, whose main rivals were the numerically superior Hutu.
		In 1976 Micombero was deposed in an army coup led by Col Jean-Baptiste Bagaza.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0020328.html (1576 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus - Self-Determination - Regional Conflict Profile - Burundi
		Micombero toppled Ntare V in a coup two months later and declared Burundi a republic and himself president.
		Micombero's Tutsi bias was explicit, and Hutus were marginalized in every sector of public life.
		Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza ousted Micombero in a coup in 1976 and was himself removed from power in a coup in 1987 by the armed forces commander-in-chief, Major Pierre Buyoya.
	selfdetermine.irc-online.org /conflicts/burundi_body.html (1925 words)

	Ntare V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He deposed his father, Mwambutsa IV in 1966.
		Ntare was deposed in a military coup lead by Michel Micombero in 1966.
		He went into exile in West Germany, where he died in 1972.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ntare_V (129 words)

	General Information on Burundi
		King Ntare was deposed by Micombero on Nov. 29, 1966, and Burundi was declared a republic with Micombero as president.
		In 1972 an attempt to restore the monarchy was unsuccessful, and in the fighting that followed King Ntare was killed, and as many as 150,000 Hutu, who were blamed by the government for the uprising, were slaughtered by the Tutsi and the Tutsi-dominated army.
		Micombero was ousted on Nov. 1, 1976, in a military coup led by Lt.-Col. Jean Baptiste Bagaza, who remained president when civilian rule was formally restored in 1979 and was reelected in 1984.
	www.gateway-africa.com /countries/burundi.html (531 words)

	Burundi POLITICAL BACKGROUND
		After political gains by the Hutu majority in 1965, Tutsi leaders moved to reassert their own power, leading to a bloodless coup in November 1966 that installed Tutsi army captain Michel Micombero as president.
		Conditions for the Hutu deteriorated under President Micombero, as they were gradually excluded from the army and administration.
		In 1972, fears of a potential Hutu rebellion led to massacres in which approximately 150,000 mostly professional and intellectual Hutu perished.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /World-Leaders-2003/Burundi-POLITICAL-BACKGROUND.html (437 words)

	Burundi Ethnic Strife, 1970-1974
		This second coup was led by the prime minister Captain Michel Micombero.
		Micombero, now president, abolished the monarchy and declared Burundi a republic.
		However, Micombero was later deposed in 1976 by Lt. Col.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/burundi1.htm (210 words)

	Burundi: Page-2
		The country was governed by constitutional monarchy until 1966 when Prime Minister Captain Michel Micombero declared a republic.
		Shortly after this, in 1966, there was a coup d’etat, and Colonel Micombero announced that the country would now be a republic.
		In 1976 Micombero was overthrown by Colonel Jean Baptiste Bagaza, who in turn was deposed by Major Pierre Buyoya in 1987.
	us-africa.tripod.com /burundi2.html (968 words)

	BURUNDI HISTORY
		Ntare V is overthrown by prime minister Michael Micombero (Tutsi) and leaves Burundi.
		The Micombero regime announced that a Hutu-engineered coup had been planned for the night of September 16-17.
		Micombero suddenly decides to dismiss all the members of the cabinet.
	homepage.mac.com /trondsc/Burundi/History/1.Dates.html (2051 words)

	UNHCR - Burundi: Descent Into Chaos or a Manageable Crisis?
		First and foremost, it was a move by the Army as a social group, to take power from the hands of a confused and divided civilian regime and to empower a new and less educated elite.
		Micombero was a 'small' Tutsi using his Tutsi identity to persuade the 'big' Tutsi to support him.
		For some of the extremists in the Micombero entourage, this was in fact a blessing[18]18, an occasion to strike both at their Tutsi rivals and at the potentially dangerous Hutu mass which had so far showed almost infinite patience.
	www.unhcr.org /cgi-bin/texis/vtx/publ/opendoc.htm?tbl=RSDCOI&id=3ae6a6c00&page=publ (15074 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Tutsi retaliated and most of the Hutu politicians were killed, along with thousands of common Hutu who had supported the attempted coup.
		Captain Michel Micombero was appointed by Mwambutsa's son (who succeeded Mwambutsa as mwami) as prime minister in 1966.
		Micombero declared Burundi a republic, and since the monarchy was destroyed the Tutsi gained more power because Hutu members of government were purged.
	www.earlham.edu /~pols/globalprobs/burundi/description2.html (449 words)

	Burundi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Minister louis michel arrived here from kinshasa where he had been attending the 40th ANNIVERSARY OF THE D.R of CONGO IN spITE OF BELGIAN PARLEMENTARIANS’s opposition to his visit.
		according to some westernsources, this deep interest in the region may be hiding minister louis michel’s personnal ambitions,he is campaining so as to replaceitalian aldo ajello as european union’s special representative to the region.
		general vincent niyungeko thus becomes the 3rd ever general burundi has had after the late michel micombero the first ever burundi president who used to be lieutenant general and his chief of staff, major general thomas ndabemeye.
	www.netpress.bi /Ago/027e.htm (737 words)

	TIME.com: Revolt of the Hutu -- May 22, 1972 -- Page 1
		At first Micombero insisted that the uprising was a plot by Tutsi royalists who were trying to free the King.
		Soon, though, it became clear that the rebels were Hutu revolutionaries whose real aim was to overthrow the Micombero government.
		At that point, President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire (formerly known as the Congo) decided to help Micombero by airlifting to Burundi a planeload of veterans from his own army.
	www.time.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,879084,00.html (491 words)

	Situation Reports: Great Lakes, Burundi - AlertNet country profile
		Burundi, formerly a Belgian trusteeship under the United Nations, was governed by Tutsi military men after Captain Michel Micombero overthrew King Ntare V in 1996.
		Micombero ended the system of alternately appointing Hutu and Tutsi prime ministers and helped the Tutsi consolidate control.
		Micombero was overthrown in 1976 by Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, whose 1977 land reforms put an end to Tutsi feudal overlords.
	www.reliefweb.int /w/rwb.nsf/480fa8736b88bbc3c12564f6004c8ad5/55be77689efa9152c1256a31004b5117?OpenDocument (1053 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		In July, 1966, Mwambutsa IV was deposed by his son, who became Ntare V. The new ruler was himself deposed by a military coup in Nov., 1966, when a republic was established.
		Michel Micombero, a Tutsi, became president; a new constitution was adopted in 1970.
		Renewed fighting between Tutsis and Hutus in the early 1970s resulted in the death of many thousands of Hutus.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:burundi (1430 words)

	A short history of Burundi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In 1966 King Mwambutsa is deposed by his son prince Ntare IV, who himself is deposed the same year by a military coup lead by Michel Micombero.
		Micombero abolishes the monarchy and declares the Republic of Burundi, although a de facto military regime dominated by Batutsi emerges.
		After another coup in 1976 Micombéro is succeeded as dictator by Jean-Baptiste Bagaza.
	www.electionworld.org /history/burundi.htm (464 words)

	East Africa Living Encyclopedia
		On July 8th Charles deposes his father suspending the constitution and appointing Colonel Michel Micombero, a Tutsi Hima, as Prime Minister.
		A number of Banyaruguru ministers and officers are tried on charges of conspiracy in 1971 and later sentenced to imprisonment or death.
		1976 Micombero is overthrown on November 1 and forced into exile by army officers who have formed a Supreme Revolutionary Council.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /NEH/bhistory.htm (1977 words)

	Kulanu: Burundi timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		1965 - King Mwambutsa refuses to appoint a Hutu prime minister even though Hutus win a majority in parliamentary elections; attempted coup by Hutu police led by Michel Micombero brutally suppressed.
		1966 July - Mwambutsa deposed by his son, Ntare V. 1966 November - Micombero stages a second coup, this time successfully, and declares himself president.
		1976 - Micombero is deposed in a military coup and is replaced by Jean-Baptiste Bagaza as president.
	www.kulanu.org /africa/burunditimeline.html (699 words)

	International Crisis Group - Conflict prevention and resolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Michel Micombero, Tutsi, replaced monarchy with presidential republic after 1966 coup, and following abortive Hutu uprising April 1972, engaged in campaign against Hutu population leading to some 150,000 Hutu deaths and displacement of similar number.
		Micombero installed Tutsi controlled one-party state under UPRONA following uprising.
		Micombero himself overthrown in coup 1976 by another Tutsi officer, Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, leading to further decline in Hutu political representation and increased inter-clan intrigue among Tutsi military class.
	www.crisisgroup.org /home/index.cfm?action=conflict_search&l=1&t=1&c_country=20 (553 words)

	presspage_explorer
		In July 1962, the Kingdom of Burundi regained independence, but its existence since then has been scarred by increased ethnic hostility between the ruling Watusi minority and the Hutu majority.
		When Burundiâs predominantly Watusi army overthrew the monarchy in 1966, Captain Michel Micombero â“ a Tutsi from southern Burundi â“ seized authority (there were no elections) and became the first president of the new republic.
		In many ways, he is treated by the people like the mwami he deposed: the first lines in several of the songs on this record extol his virtues, and two songs are almost entirely devoted to his glorification.
	nonesuch.com /Hi_Band/press_explor2.cfm?albumid=480 (722 words)

	Cascon Case BUR: Burundi 1965- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The new king was deposed by Captain Michel Micombero who declared a republic.
		Differences within the military elite were contained until 1976 when Micombero was overthrown by Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza who sought to pacify Hutu with land reform and economic development instead of political reform.
		He was replaced by coup in 1987 by Major Pierre Buyoya who continued the exclusion of Hutu from real power.
	web.mit.edu /cascon/cases/case_bur.html (650 words)

	Polity IV Country Report 2003: Burundi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		After a brief experiment with a multiethnic constitutional monarchy in the early 1960s, increasing ethnic tensions triggered the 1966 coup by Prime Minister Michel Micombero who subsequently declared Burundi a republic, reasserted Tutsi political hegemony and established a one-party military state.
		For the next two and one-half decades Burundi was run by a series of military-backed Tutsi leaders.
		President Micombero was ousted in a 1976 coup led by Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza who, in turn, was replaced by Major Pierre Buyoya in a 1987 coup.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/polity/Bui1.htm (1447 words)

	International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi: Final Report Part 2: Burundi: Truth Commissions: Library and Links: ...
		The Army, under the command of Captain Michel Micombero, a Tutsi officer from the Hima clan from the Province of Bururi, carried out a bloody ethnic repression, sided by Tutsi militias.
		The Micombero regime responded with a genocidal repression that is estimated to have caused over a hundred thousand victims and forced several hundred thousand Hutus into exile.
		In the aftermath of the repression in Burundi, Hutus were deprived of all effective political power, down to the local level.
	www.usip.org /library/tc/doc/reports/burundi_coi/burundi_coi1996pt2.html (3336 words)

	The Head Heeb: Princess diaries
		His close relative, Princess Esther, during the week was nominated the party's presidential candidate.
		Burundi was a monarchy from the late 17th century until 1966, when it was abolished by Tutsi strongman Michel Micombero, who later massacred some 200,000 Hutus.
		Kamatari, who is a published author and conducted relief work for Burundians during her Paris exile, is promoting the return of the kingdom as a unifying force for the war-torn country.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/026320.html (283 words)

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