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Topic: Michigan Central Railway Tunnel

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	Chicago's Unique Underground
		These tunnels are used for transferring goods between business houses and railway depots, for removing refuse and excavated material from building operations outside the city, and for delivering coal to the huge business and office premises situated in the city itself.
		The central business district of Chicago, the square mile known as the "loop," is not only the centre of retail, wholesale, administrative, and terminal facilities community, but its streets must also carry a large volume of through traffic moving from one part of the city to another.
		Tunnel coal trucks are loaded at the railway depots through chutes from above and travel underground to the large buildings of the city, where conveyers receive and carry the coal to the furnaces.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r047.html (3062 words)

	Grand Trunk Railway at AllExperts
		Common during 19th century railway construction in British colonies, GTR built to a broad gauge (Provincial Gauge) of 5 feet, 6 inches (1676 mm), however this was changed to the standard gauge of 4 ft 8.5 in (1435 mm) by 1873 to facilitate interchange with U.S. railroads.
		Sadly, Canada's worst railway accident based on loss of life happened on the GTR, occurring on June 28, 1864 when a passenger train operating between Levis and Montreal missed a signal for an open drawbridge on the Richelieu River, plunging onto a passing barge and killing 99 German immigrants.
		As the dominant railway in British North America, GTR was reportedly asked by the federal government soon after Confederation to consider building a rail line to the Pacific coast at British Columbia (B.C.) but refused, forcing the government to enact legislation creating the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) to meet B.C.'s conditions for joining Confederation.
	en.allexperts.com /e/g/gr/grand_trunk_railway.htm (1607 words)

	Detroit–Windsor Tunnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Detroit–Windsor Tunnel is a highway tunnel connecting Detroit, Michigan in the United States, with Windsor, Ontario in Canada.
		Clair Tunnel between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario and the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel between Detroit and Windsor.
		The Detroit–Windsor Tunnel is 120 feet short of a mile at 5,160 feet (1,573 m).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Detroit-Windsor_Tunnel (284 words)

	Michigan Central Railway Tunnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Michigan Central Railway Tunnel is a railroad tunnel under the Detroit River connecting Detroit, Michigan, USA with Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
		On the west (US) side, the tunnel connected to the Michigan Central Railroad main line west of downtown (later abandoned east of the junction), and the Michigan Central Station was built west of the junction, opening in 1913.
		In 1968 the tunnel passed from the New York Central Railroad to Penn Central, and in 1976 to Conrail.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Michigan_Central_Railway_Tunnel (464 words)

	11. The River Tunnels
		It may be noted, however, that the tunnels which had been previously built by sinking from the surface were for two tracks only, whereas, the new Harlem River tunnel is for four.
		The tunnels are to be driven by the shield method and thcre are two novel features which are to be tried to which attention mav be called at this time.
		The clearance between the shield and the tunnel is 0.75 in.
	www.nycsubway.org /dual/en_ch11.html (2736 words)

	The Oakland Press: Local News: Tunnel could be critical to area
		The partnership proposes that the two existing rail tunnels under the Detroit River be converted into a two-lane border crossing for commercial trucks and that a larger rail tunnel be bored within 100 feet of the existing rail tunnels and be able to handle modern rail cars.
		Without the additional crossing for trucks and the new tunnel for trains, Byington said both the economies of southeastern Michigan and southwestern Ontario will suffer, since trade between the two regions is expected to rise from $146 billion now to $240 billion by 2030.
		The trouble with the current rail tunnels is they are not large enough to accommodate the high-profile rail cars that have been in use since the automotive industry and its suppliers began depending on just-in-time inventory deliveries, Byington said.
	www.theoaklandpress.com /stories/041204/loc_20040412014.shtml (1113 words)

	The underground railroad (Metro Times Detroit) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Another tunnel was begun in 1878 to connect Michigan Central Railroad track on Grosse Ile with Amherstburg, Ontario.
		As the tunnel neared completion in 1910, the workers were still finishing the task of sinking the massive double-barreled tunnel sections of cast iron and concrete into a trench in the river’s bottom.
		Upon completion of the new tunnel, the old railroad tunnel is slated to be converted into a conduit for two-way truck traffic between the United States and Canada.
	www.metrotimes.com /editorial/story.asp?id=4555 (899 words)

	The Detroit & Windsor Tunnel Corporation
		This railway tunnel was 6,000 feet in length and at the time was the longest, subaqueous tunnel in the world.
		Construction of the river section of the tunnel was the most spectacular of the operations, as it involved sinking nine steel tubes into a trench dug across the bottom of the river.
		The Detroit Windsor Tunnel (Tunnel) is steeped in a history of serving the southeast Michigan and Windsor/Essex regions.
	www.dwtunnel.com /history.html (3397 words)

	Central Michigan Area Railroads
		Bonds of The Michigan Central Railroad Company issued for $1,500,000 secured by a mortgage on the property of the Joliet and Northern Indiana Railroad Company (under which mortgage the issue of bonds of The Michigan Central Railroad Company to an amount not exceeding $3,000,000 is authorized), have been substituted for such funded debt.
		Bonds of The Michigan Central Railroad Company issued for $1,500.000 secured by a mortgage on the property of The Grand River Valley Railroad Company (under which mortgage the issue of Michigan Central bonds to an amount not exceeding $4,500,000 is authorized), have been substituted for such funded debt.
		Leased to The Michigan Central Railroad Company April 1, 1902, for a term of twenty-five years from January 1, 1903, at a rental of $12,000 per annum for five years from January 1, 1903, and $15,000 per year for twenty years thereafter; all taxes and assessments, and $150 per annum for organization expenses.
	www.shiawasseehistory.com /cmrr.html (2292 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan.
		In the mid-to-late 1990s, the Michigan Legislature removed the locally elected board of education amid allegations of mismanagement and replaced it with a reform board appointed by the mayor and governor.
		The University of Michigan was established in 1817 in Detroit and later moved to Ann Arbor in 1837, though in 1959, another campus was established in neighboring Dearborn.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Detroit,_Michigan (7689 words)

	__________ Welcome to the Marmaray Project Website ____________
		However, where the tunnel under the Istanbul Strait crosses the deepest parts of the Strait, the old-fashioned techniques would not allow the tunnel to be on or under the seabed, and therefore the design indicated a "floating" type of tunnel placed on pillars constructed on the seabed.
		However, such tunnels remained rare until a robust and well proven industrial technique was developed in the 1950s, thereby allowing the construction of large-scale projects in many countries.
		The desire to construct a railway mass transit connection from west to east in Istanbul and under the Istanbul Strait was becoming stronger and stronger in the early 1980s, and consequently the first comprehensive feasibility study was carried out and reported in 1987.
	www.marmaray.com /html/general.html (642 words)

	"The Tunnel Through New York" (1902)
		Having determined the route, the board's engineers, under the direction of their chief, William Barclay Parsons made a series of borings over the entire route to determine the precise nature of the ground in which the work was to be carried on.
		The work to be done was not only to dig the tunnel, but to lay the tracks in it, to build and equip the stations, provide elevators in several of them, install the necessary terminal loops and side-tracks, and furnish the rolling stock.
		The tunnel is built along that section, the pipes and electric subways are replaced, and the street surface is restored.
	www.nycsubway.org /articles/tunnelthruny.html (2999 words)

	Michigan from A-Z
		Michigan became a State in 1837 and a Michigan quarter was issued in the year 2004.
		Michigan State University at East Lansing is one of the largest universities in the country and was the first land grant college and first agricultural college in the country
		Michigan has several ZOOS The Detroit Zoo was the 1st zoo in the country to feature cageless, open-exhibits that allowed the animals more freedom to roam.
	www.geocities.com /statesaz2/Michigan.html (4005 words)

	Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum
		The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California was organized on June 28, 1861 by a group of Sacramento merchants known later as the "Big Four" (Collis P.
		They had made their calculations under poor visibility on a wildly uneven tunnel floor, plotting a bore not only divided into four distinct parts, but one that had to gradually rise, descend, and curve as it penetrated from west to east.
		The longest tunnel anyone had cut through natural granite, cut at a daunting altitude in an abominable climate, had been bored by a small army of Chinese thousands of miles from their ancestral home.
	www.cprr.org /Museum/index.html (4154 words)

	Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum
		The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California was organized on June 28, 1861 by a group of Sacramento merchants known later as the "Big Four" (Collis P.
		They had made their calculations under poor visibility on a wildly uneven tunnel floor, plotting a bore not only divided into four distinct parts, but one that had to gradually rise, descend, and curve as it penetrated from west to east.
		The longest tunnel anyone had cut through natural granite, cut at a daunting altitude in an abominable climate, had been bored by a small army of Chinese thousands of miles from their ancestral home.
	cprr.org /Museum/index.html (4181 words)

	Ohio Vintage Trolley Systems
		As of late 2003, the excellent Cincinnati Street Railway website is no longer on the internet, and I do not have any current status on the group's status or their proposal to create a Vintage Trolley operation in the city.
		The Central Area Loop Study, as it was known, concluded in October 2001 that any further study of monorail and PRT in the urban cores of Cincinnati, Covington and Newport should be eliminated.
		The light rail route from the riverfront originally was planned to traverse city streets in the Cincinnati core area and involve a new tunnel under Mt. Auburn to reach the University of Cincinnati area.
	www.railwaypreservation.com /vintagetrolley/cincinnati.htm (493 words)

	Dates in Canadian Railway History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This was the oldest constituent of the Dominion Atlantic Railway.
		One of the conditions of Confederation was the building of a railway by the newly constituted Dominion Government to connect Halifax with the St. Lawrence at or near Quebec.
		The railway lay idle from late 1910 until July 25, 1911 when it was bought by the Canadian Northern Railway as part of its new Montreal to Ottawa line.
	www.railways.incanada.net /candate/candate.htm (10554 words)

	Santiago Calaltrava: audacious architect with laminated glass
		A major factor in the Swiss Federal Railway's selection of Calatrava's design over that of nine other contestants for the job was the omission of a tunnel.
		The steel-arched roof has a laminated glass side-screen, slender steel mullions and horizontally-butted, 2.5 mm laminated glass panes of glass fill the area between the central concrete arches of the platform hall and two outer steel span of the concourse roof, stabilizing the structure.
		The Milwaukee Art Museum that overlooks Lake Michigan was, until 2000, made up of two structures designed in 1957 by Eero Saarinen and in 1975 by David Kahler respectively.
	www.dupont.com /safetyglass/lgn/stories/2301.html (1225 words)

	Detroit & Canada Tunnel Company 1931
		Completed in 1930, the tunnel is a major border crossing and a vital socio-economic pipeline between the United States and Canada.
		As workers on the U.S. and Canadian sides excavated approach tunnels sloping to the river's edge, barge crews on the river dug a 2,454-foot-long trench from shore to shore, dredging 700,000 tons of earth from the river bottom.
		It was the most spectacular of all tunnel operations and involved the sinking of steel tubes in the trench dug across the bottom of the river.
	www.scripophily.net /detcantuncom.html (1947 words)

	RRHX - Michigan First or Famous Menu
		World's first international submarine tunnel, the St. Clair Tunnel, was opened between Port Huron and Sarnia by the Grand Trunk system, forming a continuous rail route between eastern Canada and Chicago, the longest route in the world under single management - 9/19/1891 - [MDOT] - go to top.
		In 1857, the Blendon Lumber Company purchased a seven-year-old Michigan Central locomotive (a Locks and Haven Co. 0-4-0 locomotive dubbed the "St. Joseph") and began hauling logs on wooden rails.
		Michigan Central begins using the telegraph to control train operations, the first railroad in the nation to make widespread us of this technology - 1855 - [MDOT] - go to top.
	michiganrailroads.com /RRHX/MichiganFirsts/MichiganFirstsMenu.htm (694 words)

	Detroit MC Depot
		Detroit's Michigan Central station was completed in 1913, as part of a huge project to build a railway tunnel under the Detroit River, connecting Detroit and Windsor.
		The new station, two miles from downtown, was placed very near the west portal of the tunnel, and was arranged as a "run-through" station.
		Perhaps it could be preserved as it is; a towering hulk symbolizing the faded glory that was WAS Detroit and the Michigan Central.
	user.mc.net /~louisvw/depot/det-mc/det-mc.htm (1088 words)

	NYC Train Speeds in 1926
		The fastest was No. 48, “The Detroiter,” which usually covered the 227.8 miles from Windsor to Bridgeburgh, through Canadian territory, including a stop at St. Thomas, in 3 hr 47 min to 3 hr 49 min, as much time as possible having to be gained on schedule to allow for marshalling delays at Buffalo.
		The K80s were the first to run on the New York Central Lines, having been built from 1904 onwards for the Michigan Central, and later superheated.
		From Detroit to Windsor, electric traction was resorted to in the tunnel under the Saint Clair River joining Lake Huron and Lake Erie, comprising a down-gradient of 1/47 followed by an up-gradient of 1/67.
	www.michiganrailroads.com /RRHX/Stories/RailwayReminiscences.htm (1037 words)

	Windsor, Ontario - Free net encyclopedia
		It lies across the Detroit River and Lake St Clair from Detroit, Michigan, to which Windsor is linked by the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel for cars, and by the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel for rail traffic.
		Windsor is linked to the United States by the Ambassador Bridge, the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, and a Canadian Pacific Railway tunnel.
		On November 14, 2005, the joint Canadian-American committee studying the options for expanding the border crossing announced that its preferred option was to directly extend Highway 401 westward, using a new bridge or tunnel to cross the Detroit River and interchange with Interstate 75 somewhere between the existing Ambassador Bridge span and Wyandotte.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Windsor,_Ontario (2105 words)

	Pages 1--22 from BSR-STD-1129
		The provisions of this paragraph apply to installation and use of high-voltage power distribution and utilization equipment which is portable and/ or mobile, such as substations, trailers, cars, mobile shovels, draglines, hoists, drills, dredges, compressors, pumps, conveyors, and underground excavators.
		Enclosures for use in tunnels shall be drip-proof, weatherproof, or submersible as required by the environmental conditions.
		All nonenergized metal parts of electric equipment and metal raceways and cable sheaths shall be effectively grounded and bonded to all metal pipes and rails at the portal and at intervals not exceeding 1000 feet throughout the tunnel.
	www.michigan.gov /documents/CIS_WSH_part39_37980_7.htm (15992 words)

	Detroit, Michigan at AllExperts
		Detroit has four border crossings: the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel provides motor vehicle thoroughfare and the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel railroad access to and from Canada.
		The city is also home to the 36th District Court, as well as the 1st District of the Michigan Court of Appeals' and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.
		Detroit was once the home of the University of Michigan, which was founded in Detroit in 1817 but later moved to Ann Arbor in 1837.
	en.allexperts.com /e/d/de/detroit,_michigan.htm (6492 words)

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