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Topic: Michigan High School Athletic Association

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	FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY
		The [MHSAA] is the official association of the state for the purpose of organizing and conducting athletic events, contests, and tournaments among schools and shall be responsible for the adoption and enforcement of rules relative to eligibility of athletes in schools for participation in interschool athletic events, contests and tournaments.
		While local school districts may have the power to disregard MHSAA rules or policies, and the legal authority to leave the Association altogether, these are not realistic options given the nature of interscholastic sports in Michigan.
		First, an athletic association made up of schools from across the country, the majority of which are private schools, is not a state actor because no one state controls [40] the policy of the association**.
	www.faculty.piercelaw.edu /redfield/library/case-communities.htm (6748 words)

	Michigan High School Athletic Association Athletic Requirements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A student in grades 9 through 12 who transfers to another high school is not eligible to participate in an interscholastic contest for one full semester unless the student qualifies for immediate eligibility under one or more of the thirteen published exceptions.
		The use of undue influence by any person directly or indirectly associated with a school to secure or encourage the attendance of a student for athletic purposes shall cause the student to become ineligible for a minimum of one semester.
		After practicing with or participating with high school teams, students cannot participate in any athletic competition not sponsored by his or her school in the same sport during the same season.
	scnc.cps.k12.mi.us /mhsaarequirements.htm (635 words)

	Opinion #6352 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A public school district which is a member of the Michigan High School Athletic Association and adopts the rules of the association as its own rules is not bound by the rule violation determinations of the association.
		That opinion noted that the MHSAA is a private, nonprofit corporation and that all high schools, junior high schools, or other schools doing grade of work corresponding to such schools, both public and private, may become members of the MHSAA.
		It is my further opinion that, whether the violations involve athletic contests between high schools within the same district or between different school districts, each board of education which has adopted the rules as its own is ultimately responsible for their enforcement in its schools.
	www.ag.state.mi.us /opinion/datafiles/1980s/op06352.htm (1085 words)

	Michigan Appellate Digest - 123529 Breighner v Michigan High School Athletic Association, Inc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The authority for governance of high school athletics is vested in the school boards of individual districts, which voluntarily agree to adhere to the standards of the association if they become members of the association.
		In this case, the plaintiffs' son was a member of a high school ski team, and he participated in an unsanctioned ski race in Canada which disqualified him from competing on the high school team under the rules of the defendant MHSAA.
		In this case, the plaintiffs argued that the defendant association was an agent of the member schools, and thus was a public body.
	courtofappeals.mijud.net /Digest/newHTML/12352911.htm (758 words)

	Michigan High School Athletic Association Eligibility Standards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		High School student/athletes must have passed at least twenty (20) credit hours (3 of 4 regular block - 4 or 5 with a split block) the previous semester to be eligible to participate in athletics.
		Also, student athletes at the high school must be carrying and passing at least twenty (20) credit hours (3 or 4 regular block - 4 or 5 with a split block) during the present semester up to within seven (7) days of contest.
		Junior High School student/athletes must pass 50% of the total periods of work carried the previous semester.
	scnc.cps.k12.mi.us /mhsaa.htm (160 words)

	Sandison v. Michigan High School Athletic Asn.
		A student who competes in any interscholastic athletic contests must be under nineteen (19) years of age, except that a student whose nineteenth (19th) birthday occurs on or after September 1 of a current school year is eligible for the balance of that school year.
		However, the second part of the preliminary injunction--ordering the MHSAA to refrain from penalizing the high schools for permitting the plaintiffs to compete--is not moot.
		In this case, although playing high school sports undoubtedly helped the plaintiffs progress through high school, the waiver of the age restriction is not directed at helping them overcome learning disabilities; the waiver merely removes the age ceiling as an obstacle.
	classweb.gmu.edu /jkozlows/sandison.html (5032 words)

	Parents Sue to Level High School Playing Fields
		In a case scheduled to go to trial in September, Roberts-Eveland is challenging her state's high school athletic association on behalf of her four athletically inclined daughters as well as all Michigan female high school athletes.
		Association spokesman John Johnson declined to comment because of the pending litigation, saying that no statements would be made until the judge makes a decision in the case.
		The athletic association countered that it was a private organization and as such should not be held to constitutional requirements of fairness.
	www.womensenews.org /article.cfm/dyn/aid/629 (1295 words)

	MHSAA Brief
		MHSAA was founded in 1924 "to exercise control over the interscholastic athletic activities of all schools of the state through agreement with the Superintendent of Public Instruction." 1978-79 MHSAA Handbook, Foreword (Tab 1).
		MHSAA incorporated itself in 1972 "to create, establish and provide for, supervise and conduct interscholastic athletic programs throughout the state consistent with educational values of the high school curriculums." MHSAA Articles of Incorporation (Apr. 18, 1972) (Tab 4).
		MHSAA must pre-approve any competition sponsored by a non-member school in which member schools participate, and limits participation in its state championship tournaments to member schools.
	www.usdoj.gov /crt/edo/documents/mhsaabr.htm (4471 words)

	UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
		MHSAA's executive director and members of the Representative Council have been referred to throughout the litigation as the "Individual Defendants." Plaintiffs' claims remain against only Defendant MHSAA, and not the Individual Defendants, who were dismissed from the lawsuit on a motion made pursuant to Fed. R.
		In 1972, the Michigan Legislature amended the School Code to move the authority for interscholastic athletics from the State Board of Education to the boards of individual school districts, permitting the districts to join the MHSAA as long as a representative of the State was a member of the MHSAA's governing body.
		Michigan girls who participate in high school volleyball are not able to participate in USAV club volleyball until April, after the MHSAA season has ended, while players in other states have been playing club volleyball since January.
	www.michbar.org /opinions/district/2001/121701/13502.html (8719 words)

	Michigan Appellate Digest - 108997 Kirby v Michigan High School Athletic Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Under a policy of the MHSAA, published in the association's bulletins, when a team forfeits a tournament victory because of breach of a rule, the team defeated in competition does not replace the forfeiting team in the tournament; the position of the victor is vacated in the tournament.
		In this case, the plaintiff wrestled in a high school tournament conducted by the defendant association.
		The plaintiff brought an action to compel the defendant to permit his school's participation in the tournament, and in granting relief the lower courts held that the association improperly applied an unpublished policy which conflicted with its own rules.
	courtofappeals.mijud.net /Digest/newHTML/10899711.htm (426 words)

	Boston.com / News / Nation / Washington / Lower court asked to review girls' sports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Michigan High School Athletic Association said the lawsuit should have been brought under the Title IX gender equity law, a question that the 6th Circuit did not address.
		Michigan is the only state that plays girls' volleyball in the winter, and one of two states to play girls basketball outside of winter.
		In its appeal, the Michigan athletic association argued that the lower ruling will create turmoil and burdens for academic institutions nationwide if they are forced to provide scheduling for girls' sports that exactly mirrors the boys' teams.
	www.boston.com /news/nation/washington/articles/2005/05/02/lower_court_asked_to_review_girls_sports?mode=PF (480 words)

	WMU News
		Commissioned in 1999 by the Michigan High School Athletic Association and its general counsel, the Sports Season Survey was conducted by the Evaluation Center's Lori Wingate.
		She obtained survey responses from 1,131 female athletes from 60 high schools around the state to identify their opinions about proposed changes in the placement of girls' sports seasons.
		Schools included in the survey correspond quite closely to the size and geographic distribution of the 729 Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) member schools, according to Wingate.
	www.wmich.edu /wmu/news/2001/0103/0001-227.html (562 words)

	MICHIGAN HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION
		This application to participate in athletics is voluntary on my part and the information submitted is truthful to the best of my knowledge.
		I hereby give my consent for the above high school student to engage in interscholastic athletics in MHSAA approved sports and understand the possibility that serious injury may result from participating in athletic activities.
		I further understand that my son/daughter will be expected to adhere firmly to all established athletic policies of the school district and the Michigan High School Athletic Association.
	www.swartzcreek.org /medical_history.htm (355 words)

	Communities for Equity v. Michigan High School Athletic Association, No. 02-1127 (6th Cir. July 27, 2004)
		The Communities for Equity (CFE), representing female high school student-athletes and their parents, brought the suit, alleging that the MHSAA’s scheduling, in contrast to its scheduling of boys' athletic seasons and tournaments, discriminated against girls and put them at a disadvantage as to tournaments and college recruiting and scholarships.
		Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association, 531 U.S. 288 (2001), the district court found that the MHSAA is "so entwined with public schools and the state of Michigan" as to be deemed a state actor for purposes of equal protection analysis, even though it is a private organization.
		Rejecting the MHSAA's justification for scheduling girls' sports out of traditional seasons, the district court found that the scheduling was not "substantially related" to the stated objective of maximizing high school athletic participation through optimal use of existing facilities, officials, and coaches.
	www.nsba.org /site/view.asp?TRACKID=&VID=50&ACTION=PRINT&CID=435&DID=34218 (370 words)

	USATODAY.com - Gender equity trial begins in Michigan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Attorneys for the high school association, Carole Bos and William Azkoul, insisted that the group's 1,300 member schools set the sports seasons, and the association just follows the wishes of its members.
		In 43 states, high school girls teams play volleyball in the fall and basketball in the winter, same as in college sports.
		Michigan is one of five states in which girls play basketball in the fall and volleyball in the winter, and the other four are all reversing the seasons in the next couple of years.
	www.usatoday.com /sports/preps/stories/2001-09-24-gender.htm (496 words)

	Opinion #5346 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A rule of the Michigan High School Athletic Association prohibiting football coaches from working with more than three players at one time is not binding upon boards of education.
		It was further noted that the Michigan Supreme Court had determined in Richards v Birmingham School District, 348 Mich 490 (1957), that interscholastic athletics are part of the governmental education function vested in school districts by law and, therefore, this governmental function could not be delegated to a private corporation.
		Absent such a provision, supervision and control of interscholastic athletics is the responsibility of the board of education of each local school district.
	www.ag.state.mi.us /opinion/datafiles/1970s/op05346.htm (539 words)

	Court: High School Athletic Group Not a Public Body
		Michigan High School Athletic Association, COA docket No. 243618) that by any of several tests the body which oversees high school sports is not required to release information when requested.
		The court ruled the association was not a public body because it was not created by the state or local governments and was not required of schools to join, although the vast majority of school districts in the state do join it.
		The case revolved around parents who sued the association for information of athletic rules after their son was ruled ineligible to compete on his high school ski team.
	www.bridges4kids.org /articles/3-03/Gongwer3-7-03b.html (253 words)

	Michigan Appellate Digest - 243618 Breighner v Michigan High School Athletic Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Michigan High School Athletic Association was originally established by statute, but the statutory authority of the association was repealed and it became a nonprofit corporation with a voluntary membership.
		In this case, the plaintiffs' son was a member of a high school ski team, and he participated in an unsanctioned ski race in Canada which disqualified him from competing on the high school team under the rules of the defendant Michigan High School Athletic Association.
		In this case, the plaintiffs apparently argued that the defendant association was an agent of the member schools, and thus was a public body.
	courtofappeals.mijud.net /Digest/newHTML/24361821.htm (975 words)

	Michigan High School Athletic Association - About the MHSAA
		The MHSAA is a private, not-for-profit corporation of voluntary membership by over 1,800 public and private senior high schools and junior high/middle schools which exists to develop common rules for athletic eligibility and competition.
		No government funds or tax dollars support the MHSAA, which was the first such association nationally to not accept membership dues or tournament entry fees from schools.
		Member schools which enforce these rules are permitted to participate in MHSAA tournaments, which attract approximately 1.6 million spectators each year.
	www.mhsaa.com /about (113 words)

	Homeschooling - NHEN.org Legal & Legislative Forum - Court Decision, Homeschool Sports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Michigan High School Athletic Association requirements include passing 20 credit hours a semester, not having been enrolled in more than eight semesters, and not changing schools unless a move is involved.
		Part of the suit was that the MHSAA was denying the children equal protection under the law, because the enrollment requirement restricts participation and doles out scholarships benefiting only citizens that enroll their children in public school.
		A) All high school sports in SC are governed by the High School League (an independent body, not associated with the Dept. of Education).
	www.nhen.org /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=622 (2385 words)

	Farm Bureau Insurance of Michigan - Michigan High School Athletic Association Scholar/Athlete Award
		In partnership with the Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA), we are a major sponsor of high school sports in this state.
		To be eligible for the award, students must have a minimum cumulative grade point average of 3.50 unrounded on a 4.0 scale, and have previously won a varsity letter in the sport in which they are applying.
		Students are also asked to show involvement in other school and community activities, submit two letters of recommendation and a 500-word essay on the importance of sportsmanship in educational athletics.
	www.farmbureauinsurance-mi.com /pages/events/mhsaa.htm (139 words)

	Southwest Michigan Independent Educator Sports
		The Michigan Court of Appeals in March 2004 upheld the Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) enrollment requirements designed to eliminate recruiting or 'ringers' in high school athletics, which also keep homeschooled athletes from participating in public school team sports without attending the school.
		The MHSAA requirements include passing 20 credit hours a semester, not having been enrolled in more than eight semesters, and not changing schools unless a move is involved.
		School districts informed the plaintiffs in the suit that the homeschoolers were ineligible for sports unless they were enrolled in a public school for at least twenty hours a week.
	www.geocities.com /nonamenewsletter/sports.html (1194 words)

	Sports Gone Sour? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There's a disturbing trend in high schools across the country: Violence and unsportsmanlike conduct are on the rise.
		In Michigan, a girls' state basketball championship was marred when an angry female coach threw a chair across the court.
		Michigan will also publish the names of coaches who engage in unseemly behavior -- as well as those whose records are unblemished.
	www.familyeducation.com /article/0,1120,22-658,00.html (475 words)

	City of Petersburg Municipal Building destroyed by fire
		A presentation of the commemmorative good sportsmanship banner for the gymnasium, a crystal trophy, and a $1,000 donation to the wrestling program was made at the Dundee Community Schools Board of Education meeting on Monday, May 14 in the high school library.
		John Johnson represented the Michigan High School Athletic Association at the meeting and made the presentations.
		Dundee High School was awarded the “Good Sports are Winners” sports-manship award from the Michigan High School Athletic Association for the Team Dual Wrestling Finals in Battle Creek in March.
	www.dundeeonline.com /articles/20.1_01.html (355 words)

	Archives: Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In Michigan, high school girls basketball is played in the fall and volleyball is played in the winter.
		The Supreme Court is expected to make a decision on whether or not to hear the case some time in April, leaving Michigan's high school athletic directors, referees, coaches, players, and fans in a state of uncertainty as to what the final outcome will be.
		Grayling High School's boys ski team qualified for the state finals and placed 6th at the meet.
	avalanche.townnews.com /articles/2005/03/17/news/news08.txt (600 words)

	Coaches and Parents Reminded of Heat Precautions During Practices
		Deaths from heat stress are preventable and with high school athletic practice during the hot August weather, the Michigan Department of Community Health, the Governors Council on Physical Fitness, Health and Sports and the Michigan High School Athletic Association are reminding coaches and parents to take hot weather precautions.
		As a new school sports season begins, we hope that coaches, athletes and parents are aware of how heat related illnesses can be prevented, and how to recognize the early warning signs when they do occur," said John Johnson, Communications Director for the Michigan High School Athletic Association.
		The Michigan High School Athletic Association has sent to each high school in Michigan the following precautions for coaches to observe.
	www.michigan.gov /mdch/0,1607,7-132-8347-17965--M_2001_8,00.html (972 words)

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