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Topic: Microalgae

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	Microalgae separator apparatus and method - Patent 6524486
		Microalgae are particularly useful because of their high growth rate and tolerance to varying environmental conditions.
		Microalgae suspension from pond 12 is transferred by operation of pump 16 to microalgae separator 18, in which the processes of flocculation and flotation are carried out.
		Microalgae suspension from pond 12 is transferred by operation of pump 16 to reservoir 22.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6524486.html (4014 words)

	Microalgae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Microalgae are the most primitive form of plants.
		While the mechanism of photosynthesis in microalgae is similar to that of higher plants, they are generally more efficient converters of solar energy because of their simple cellular structure.
		The main distinction between the microalgae and the protozoans is that microalgae are usually autotrophic organisms, whereas protozoa are heterotrophic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Microalgae (133 words)

	Process for the production of ethanol from microalgae - Patent 5578472
		In a first step, a microalga is grown by culturing it photoautotrophically in the presence of light through carbon dioxide assimilation by photosynthesis, or by culturing it heterotrophically in the dark and in the presence of organic materials such as sugars and organic acids.
		In a second step, since the grown microalga stores starch mainly in the cells thereof, the starch is released from the cells with the aid of a mechanical means (e.g., ultrasonic or explosive disintegration) or an enzyme for the dissolution of cell walls.
		If the microalga is highly precipitable, the culture solution is first concentrated by natural precipitation in the microalga concentration means 2 so as to have a solid content of about 1%, and further concentrated by centrifugation, a belt filter or the like so as to have a solid content of 10 to 20%.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5578472.html (4853 words)

	CSIRO Microalgae Research Centre
		Microalgae are a largely untapped reservoir of novel and valuable bioactive compounds.
		Microalgae are grown using different culture systems to optimise growth and production of biomass and bioactive molecules.
		Aquaculture: Microalgae are used as essential live feeds and supplements in the aquaculture of larval and juvenile animals including oyster spat, juvenile abalone, finfish larvae and rotifer.
	www.marine.csiro.au /microalgae/biotech.html (297 words)

	Micro-Plants Yield Pharmaceutical New Wave
		Microalgae - single-cell marine plants at the base of the ocean food chain - produce a range of biochemicals with exciting potential, say researchers.
		The CSIRO Collection for Living Microalgae holds over 700 species of microalgae in the collection, which is the largest of its type in Australia and one of the largest in the world.
		Microalgae from the collection is presently used throughout Australia in the formulation of crucial live feeds for young aquaculture species such as oysters, prawns and abalone.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-06/CA-MYPN-040698.php (610 words)

	Cyanotech — Company Profile
		The Company is currently producing microalgae products for the nutritional supplement and immunological diagnostics markets in addition to microalgae-based products for the aquaculture feed/pigments and food coloring markets.
		Microalgae are a diverse group of over 30,000 species of microscopic plants which have a wide range of physiological and biochemical characteristics and naturally contain high levels of nutrients.
		Microalgae represent a largely unexplored and unexploited renewable natural resource, which grow much faster than land-based plants.
	www.cyanotech.com /html/company.html (358 words)

	Marine microalgae as a source of omega 3 fatty acids
		Three species of marine microalgae – Skeletonema costatum, a diatom, and two flagellates, Isochrysis galbana, and Tetra-selmis suecica are widely used as food for growing larvae in shellfish hatcheries along the Irish coast.
		The combination of the three organisms ensures a balanced supply of the v3 and v6 fatty acids for healthy growth and survival of the larvae, and several studies have shown that the critical factor in this diet is the content of EPA and DHA.
		There is growing evidence that EPA and DHA play an extremely important role in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and high blood pressure, of inflammatory conditions such as asthma, arthritis, migraine headache and psoriasis, and of cancer such as breast, colon and prostate cancers.
	www.irishscientist.ie /GITIF114.htm (508 words)

	DPI&F Note - Microalgae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In estuaries microalgae inhabit the few top millimeters (mm) of the sediment and live interstitially between the sediment grains so they are able to conduct photosynthesis (Underwood and Chapman, 1995).
		Microalgae are a major carbon source for higher trophic levels such as benthic macrofaunal communities.
		Extractive dredging in the coastal marine environment, impacts on marine plants, and local tidal fluctuations all influence the movement and distribution of sediments and extent of turbidity plumes throughout the water column.
	www2.dpi.qld.gov.au /fishweb/11622.html (2490 words)

	The Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland, Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Benthic Microalgae (= microphytobenthus) are microscopic single celled algae (diatoms and dinoflagellates) and cyanobacteria that inhabit the top 0-3 cm of aquatic sediments.
		Benthic microalgae biomass is detected and quantified by sediment chlorophyll a analysis.
		Benthic microalgae (BMA) are ecologically significant in coastal marine environments from corals reefs to estuaries.
	www.marine.uq.edu.au /marbot/marineplants/benticmicroalgae.htm (363 words)

	Edible Microalgae - Introduction
		For example, chlorophyll, an "invention" that allows organisms to capture sunlight and produce sugars, first appeared in blue-green microalgae billions of years ago and is now used as a survival strategy by all higher plants.
		Ancient organic molecules, such as amino acids, which were found in blue-green microalgae at the dawn of life, now act as basic building blocks for all of earth?s creatures.
		In short, microalgae at the bottom of the food chain provide an ancient biomolecular pharmacopoeia upon which most of cellular life now depends.
	www.ediblemicroalgae.com /intro (400 words)

	Microalgae
		Certain microalgae are effective in the production of hydrogen and oxygen through the process of biophotolysis while others naturally manufacture hydrocarbons which are suitable for direct use as high-energy liquid fuels.
		Microalgae have been found living in clouds and are long known to be essential components of coral reefs.
		Certain microalgae are very suitable for open system culture where the environmental conditions are very specific, such as high salt or high alkaline ponds lakes or lagoons.
	www.fao.org /ag/ags/Agsi/MICROALG.htm (948 words)

	IEA GHG - Biofixation Network
		Microalgae cultures have been investigated as a source of renewable fuels for almost fifty years.
		Microalgae ponds are also extensively used in many countries for wastewater treatment and at least one plant in California is using the methane obtained from the harvested algal biomass to produce electricity.
		This study evaluated the applications and potential contributions, on a regional and global scale, of microalgae biofixation processes mainly in conjunction with the treatment of municipal and agricultural wastewaters, as these are considered the nearest-term applications of such technologies for GHG abatement.
	www.co2captureandstorage.info /networks/Biofixation.htm (1075 words)

	Chapter 6 - Oil production
		The lipid and fatty acid contents of microalgae vary in accordance with culture conditions In some cases, lipid content can be enhanced by the imposition of nitrogen starvation or other stress factors.
		Owing to the energy-intensive nature of hydrocarbons, their mass accumulation in microalgae is less than that which occurs in typical unicellular green algae.
		On the basis of these findings, it is assumed that algae grown in CO -enriched air can be converted to oily substances, and that such an approach can contribute to solving two major problems: air pollution resulting from CO evolution, and future crises due to a shortage of energy sources.
	www.fao.org /docrep/w7241e/w7241e0h.htm (3241 words)

	Microalgae for a Healthy Heart 9/3/00 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Microalgae, like other plants, can be used to make foods and medicines.
		To grow microalgae, you cannot just use the technology for growing plants, and you cannot just use the technology for growing microbes.
		Huntley believes that now that Aquasearch's photobioreactor technology has made microalgae cultivation viable on a commercial scale, there will be a real effort to consciously exploit these plants for medicinal use.
	sites.mercola.com /2000/sep/3/microalgae.htm (1227 words)

	Algaculture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The majority of algae that are intentionally cultivated fall into the category of microalgae, also referred to as phytoplankton, microphytes, or planktonic algae.
		Research into algae for the mass-production of oil is mainly focused on microalgae; organisms capable of photosynthesis that are less than 2 mm in diameter, including the diatoms and cyanobacteria; as opposed to macroalgae, e.g.
		[4]Greenfuels photobioreactor at M.I.T. www.aquasearch.comMethods of microalgae cultivation, photobioreactor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Algaculture (2799 words)

	Microalgae - SINTEF
		Microalgae are found in high numbers of species, and many have properties that can be exploited industrially.
		We study how marine microalgae can be used for production of compounds with special properties, such as regulation of bacterial growth, immunostimulation and for production of high-value fatty acids.
		Microalgae can be cultivated in batch or continous cultures, and we have long experience in optimalisation of culture technology for production of algae and characterization of compounds of industrial interest.
	www.sintef.no /content/page1____5588.aspx (126 words)

	Alginet - Microalgae as Cell Factories for Chemical & Biochemical Productions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms that form the base of the food chain.
		The main products are microalgae used as animal feed or as human food supplements, but a number of companies are marketing products directly obtained from microalgae (e.g.
		To survey physiological adaptations of microalgae that are of industrial interest.
	www.search-labs.com /Alginet/awareness.html (442 words)

	Microalgae Culturing - General information
		By growing microalgae, then feeding it to a growing culture of rotifers, or brine shrimp, more complex molecules are formed which can be utilized by even higher forms of life such as fish.
		Of course this is what happens in nature as the zooplanktons continuously feed on the microalgae until they themselves are consumed.
		If you are culturing a salt water microalgae, then use sea water, or a suitable sea salt mix (follow the directions on the product for mixing.) Whether you are using salt or fresh water, you’ll need to sterilize the water.
	www.aquaculturestore.com /info/microal.html (880 words)

	Microalgae at wastewater treatment in cold climate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The thesis concludes that microalgae may improve wastewater treatment in ponds in cold climate, from a treatment perspective as well as a sustainability perspective.
		A literature review revealed that the microalgae biomass produced may find economic use, depending on what species will come to dominate, since there are many possible products from microalgae biomass.
		Laboratory experiments showed that microalgae collected in the Mid Sweden region can grow readily in wastewater from the same region also under cold climatic conditions.
	epubl.luth.se /1402-1757/2002/35/index.html (154 words)

	Nutrient and Biogeochemical Cycling ~ Benthic Microalgae and Nutrients
		Nutrient and Biogeochemical Cycling ~ Benthic Microalgae and Nutrients
		Benthic microalgae, also known as microphytobenthos, consist of the microscopic plant community that lives at the surface of illuminated sediments.
		The sediment record indicates that algae associated with the surface of sediments and rooted aquatic plants were once a dominant part of the photosynthetic community in the Chesapeake Bay.
	www.hpl.umces.edu /geo/benmicronuts.htm (207 words)

	CSIRO Microalgae Research Centre
		Key to CSIRO's microalgae research is the Collection of Living Microalgae, a culture collection of over 800 strains, including representatives from all classes of marine microalgae, some freshwater microalgae, and unusual marine microheterotrophs.
		The culture collection specialises in the Australian region, with microalgae from tropical to polar waters, as well as microalgae from around the world.
		Housed in world-class microalgal culture facilities, the collection is a resource for investigations into the growth, physiology, taxonomy, biodiversity, chemistry and molecular genetics of microalgae.
	www.marine.csiro.au /microalgae (148 words)

	State Board OKs Genetically Modified Microalgae On Big Island
		Mera Pharmaceuticals will begin the process immediately to import the microalgae from a California laboratory, even as opponents seek to block the permit, which was approved on a 6-2 vote after nearly three hours of testimony and an hour of discussion.
		The majority of those who testified were against the project, and were specifically concerned about unintentional releases of the organism from its enclosed modules.
		Una Greenaway, a certified organic farmer, said she was concerned it might still be viable if it were inadvertently released and crossed into the existing native strains of algae.
	www.plantpharma.org /ials/index.php?id=292 (391 words)

	Edible Microalgae
		The primitive character of microalgae’s cellular organization gives it a number of advantages over higher plants and animals as a food source.
		Microalgae are among the most productive organisms on the planet.
		Not least, “microalgae are considered to be the primary source of unsaturated fatty acids in the food chain.” Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are two relatively rare and valuable fatty acids found in microalgae.
	www.ediblemicroalgae.com /algae (526 words)

	Rupi - green microalgae tablets manufacturer - Medica AD
		Many civilisations knew a long time ago the benefits of using green algae for their natural-giving properties.
		The green microalgae that comprise the Rupi food supplement are cultivated in an ecologically clean area, with pure thermal water.
		These properties make Rupi a uniquely valuable source of natural and balanced nutrition, a stimulator for the growth and functions of the human body, and a source of vitamins and minerals.
	www.medica.bg /en/products/rupitablets.htm (297 words)

	THE IOC HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM PROGRAMME
		New Zealand, the IOC courses have become reference for laboratories to be approved for carrying out regulatory monitoring for harmful microalgae.
		The aim is to improve the standards in harmful algae monitoring in IOC Member States by awarding certificates of competence in identification and enumeration to scientists and technicians.
		The pass mark is high (90%) but analyses based on data that is less accurate are of little value.
	ioc.unesco.org /hab/courses.htm (1517 words)

	Green microalgae manufacturer - Medica AD
		Green microalgae are the oldest food source and the earliest form of life on the Earth.
		Numerous studies on the green microalgae show their beneficial effect in several areas:
		- the cell wall of the green microalgae has the ability to bind with heavy metals, pesticides and toxins, and carry these substances out of the body.
	www.medica.bg /en/products/greenmicroalgae.html (308 words)

	Cyanotech Company
		Cyanotech has designed, developed and implemented proprietary production and harvesting technologies, systems, and processes that eliminate many of the stability and contamination problems frequently encountered in the production of microalgae.
		Cyanotech maintains an environmentally responsible philosophy in the development and production of its products, using natural production methods and resources that employ extensive recycling of raw materials and nutrients.
		Cyanotech was the first microalgae company in the world to obtain ISO 9001:2000.
	www.cyanotech.com /company.html (229 words)

	The role of microalgae in aquaculture: situation and trends
		This report deals principally with the nutritional role of microalgae in aquaculture.The larvae of molluscs, echinoderms and crustaceans as well as the live prey of some fish larvae feed on microalgae.
		Though attempts have been made to substitute inert particles for these micro-organisms which are difficult to produce, concentrate and store, only shrimp and live prey for fish will accept inert food, and only shrimp accept it fully.
		Other applications of microalgae in aquaculture, from green water to making salmon flesh pinker, are examined.
	www.ifremer.fr /docelec/notice/2000/notice497.htm (284 words)

	Indicator: Benthic microalgae biomass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This indicator documents the benthic microalgae biomass in intertidal sand/mudflat communities.
		“Benthic microalgae (BMA) are single-celled microscopic plants (primarily diatoms and dinoflagellates) and cyanobacteria which inhabit the top 0-3 cm of aquatic sediments.
		Their biomass can be detected and quantified by chlorophyll a analysis using the same method described previously [see chlorophyll a indicator] for determination of phytoplankton biomass in the water column.” (Dennison and Abal, 1999).
	www.coastal.crc.org.au /ozcoast/issues/indicators/bma_biomass.html (1466 words)

	SpirulinaSource.com \| Spirulina Scientific Health Library
		The microalgae chlorella, dunaliella and scenedesmus, and the cyanobacteria spirulina and aphanizomenon flos-aquae, are being used as nutrient dense foods and sources of fine chemicals.
		Numerous examples of traditional use of inland microalgae are cited from more than 15 countries.
		How microalgae can address world hunger problems is addressed with mention of harvesting wild algae and village scale production systems.
	www.spirulinasource.com /library-food.html (627 words)

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