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	Bat - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Though the vast majority of bats are insectivorous, a significant number from both suborders, Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera (see below), have developed the ability to feed on fruits and their juices.
		When adaptations to flight are discounted in a cladistic analysis the Megachiroptera are allied to the Primates by anatomical features that are not shared with Microchiroptera.
		Genetic evidence, however, has pointed to the common ancestry of Megachiroptera and at least some Microchiroptera; the genetic studies have not reached consensus acceptance.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/b/a/t/Bat.html (1728 words)

	Mammal Directory: Bats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Microchiroptera have a global distribution and include about 825 species worldwide.
		All microchiroptera have a well developed sonar system ("echolocation") that allows them to orient in the dark and to a varying degree to find food.
		They emit high-frequency sounds, most of them too high for humans to hear, that bounce off objects and allow bats to build up an acoustic image of their surroundings.
	www.csam.montclair.edu /ceterms/mammals/bats.html (2158 words)

	Bird Flight
		Bats are divided into two groups, or sub-orders, called microchiroptera and megachiroptera.
		Microchiroptera are the bats most people are familiar with.
		Echolocation capabilities better than any other land animal allow the microchiroptera to tap the abundant food source of nocturnal insects.
	www.ornithopter.org /birdflight/bats.shtml (218 words)

	Bat,Mammals,Bat Picture,Mammal Pictures,Catalog,Encyclopedia
		Nearly two thirds of the 950 species of bats feed mainly on insects, and all insectivorous bats are Microchiroptera.
		The torpor and hibernation of bats differ physiologically from that of other heterothermic mammals such as ground squirrels, at least in the number of times the animals arouse from torpor during the winter.
		All the Microchiroptera that have been studied and several species of dog-faced bats (Rousettus-Megachiroptera) use echolocation to orient themselves.
	www.4to40.com /earth/geography/htm/mammalsindex.asp?counter=14 (1032 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Bats Work"
		Microchiroptera - These bats are generally smaller than megachiroptera bats, and most have pushed-in snouts, like a pug-nosed dog.
		Most microchiroptera species, on the other hand, have a completely unique facial appearance, with wide, extended ears and peculiarly shaped nostrils.
		Bats have adapted to this lifestyle to avoid the fierce flying predators that are active in the daytime, and also to take advantage of the abundance of insect species that are active at night.
	www.howstuffworks.com /bat.htm/printable (3497 words)

	Bats of the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The two suborders of bats, the Microchiroptera (microbats) and Megachiroptera (megabats), appear to share many similarities suggesting a common ancestor and similar evolution.
		It is generally agreed that the shape of the teeth of Megachiroptera could not have evolved from the shape of teeth found in Microchiroptera.
		Those scientists who believe the Megachiroptera may not share an ancestor with the Microchiroptera suggest these larger, fruit-eating bats they may have evolved from the Primates.This theory is certainly interesting in that it suggests that flight evolved among mammals not just once but twice and that humans share a common ancestor with fruit bats!
	www.explorebiodiversity.com /Hawaii/BiodiversityForgotten/Wildlife/bats/evolution.htm (437 words)

	Vision in echolocating bats
		The Microchiroptera includes ca 800 species of echolocating bats but excludes the generally non-echolocating Megachiroptera or flying foxes, which are not considered in this thesis.
		In most Microchiroptera, a larger proportion of the nerves are projected to the ventral side of the lateral geniculate body, suggesting that vision is important for orientation rather than for cognitive tasks (Neuweiler 2000).
		Nevertheless, the eyes of Microchiroptera work well under low ambient illumination, although the sensitivity to different light levels and the ability of brightness discrimination vary considerably between the different families and species.
	hem.bredband.net /nyctalus/thesis.htm (9036 words)

	Bat - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		There is controversial evidence that Megachiroptera evolved flight separately from the Microchiroptera, a group of mammals which would then be of uncertain affinities.
		Megachiroptera are allied to the Primates by anatomical features that are not shared with Microchiroptera, so that when adaptations to flight are discounted in a cladistic analysis the Megachiroptera are found to be allied to Primates.
		Genetic evidence has pointed to the common ancestry of Megachiroptera and at least some Microchiroptera; however the validity of these studies is debatable, and most studies of Eutherian relationships have attempted to avoid this issue by assuming monophyly of Chiroptera.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=4659 (1693 words)

	bats of africa - nocturnal fliers
		It is thought that the Microchiroptera may be related to shrews, while the Megachiroptera might have affinities with primitive primates.
		The Microchiroptera (insectivorous bats) are characterised by small eyes, sharp pointed teeth, and strangely-shaped ears, while many also have bizarre nose structures.
		The majority of Microchiroptera are rather small - some are minuscule - and feed on small or medium-sized winged insects.
	www.wildwatch.com /resources/mammals/bats.asp (1189 words)

	Chiroptera
		The smallest bat, Craseonycteris thonglongyai (Microchiroptera), weighs less than 2 g and has a wingspan of 12-13 cm, while the largest bats, those of the genus Pteropus (Megachiroptera), weigh up to 1.5 kg and may have a wing span over 2m (Fenton, 1992).
		The bat monophyly hypothesis states the Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera are each others closest relatives in an evolutionary sense (i.e., they form a clade).
		In this case, the characteristics common to both groups of bats either evolved as a result of convergent evolution or are simply the result of retention of primitive features.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Chiroptera&contgroup=Eutheria (2797 words)

	Arial Ancestors? CHEM-647 Case Study Problem 2 Pg 1 - Fall 2000
		There are two major subdivisions of bats: the large diurnal vegetarian Megachiroptera (fruit bats and flying foxes of the Old World) and the smaller, nocturnal, often insectivorous Microchiroptera (typical bats found in Delaware).
		For example, fruit bats and primates are unable to synthesize ascorbic acid (4,5).
		In addition, the anatomy of the nerve connections between the eye and the midbrain are very similar while that of the Microchiroptera is typical of other mammals (6, but see 7).
	www.udel.edu /chem/white/C647/CSP2BatsPg1.html (524 words)

	Bats of the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Under Chiroptera bats are divided into two suborders; the Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera..
		The Microchiroptera is the more diverse of the two sub-orders.
		The mega- and microchiroptera are further split into 18 living families of bats.
	www.explorebiodiversity.com /Hawaii/BiodiversityForgotten/Wildlife/bats/taxonomy.htm (403 words)

	ADW: Chiroptera: Information
		In the late 1980's and early 1990's some researchers argued that Megachiroptera, which consists solely of the family Pteropodidae (Old World fruit bats), is a sister group to the primates rather than to Microchiroptera.
		This taxonomic scheme remains controversial, as some molecular and morphological evidence suggests that Microchiroptera is a monophyletic group, sister to Megachiroptera.
		The suborder names, Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera, imply that megabats are all large and microbats are all small, which is is not always the case.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Chiroptera.html (4696 words)

	Vision in Echolocating Bats
		In general, the eyes of frugivorous and nectarivorous Microchiroptera are larger than those of insectivorous species.
		Bats roosting in relatively exposed sites, and those that sometimes are active in dusk- and daylight conditions such as many members of the family Emballonuridae also have relatively large eyes.
		Tab 2 - Visual acuity in Microchiroptera (expressed as degrees of arc).
	www.fladdermus.net /thesis.htm (10976 words)

	CDC - Public Health Surveillance for Australian Bat Lyssavirus in Queensland, Australia, 2000–2001
		One strain was isolated from a species of insectivorous Microchiroptera, Saccolaimus flaviventris (1).
		The small sample size in this study limits meaningful interpretation of this observation (the 95% CI for 0% prevalence with a sample size of 34 is 0% to 10%).
		Although this finding could indicate a lower incidence of ABLV in communities of Microchiroptera, downplaying the risk for human exposure posed by Microchiroptera in Australia would be premature.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol9no2/02-0264.htm (1878 words)

	Amazon.com: Microchiroptera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Auditory features and affinities of the Eocene bats Icaronycteris and Palaeochiropteryx (Microchiroptera, incertae sedis): Michael J. Novacek (American Museum novitates) by Michael J Novacek (Unknown Binding - 1987)
		Hemoglobin electrophoresis in the systematics of bats (Microchiroptera) (Life sciences occasional papers) by J. R Tamsitt (Unknown Binding - 1969)
		know that most bats (the microchiroptera, to be precise) perceive the...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Microchiroptera&tag=tabularasa0f&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (777 words)

	Systematics of the Chiroptera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The bats with which most people are familiar belong to the Microchiroptera.
		Microchiropterans, or "microbats," generally nagivate by sending out pulses of high-frequency sound and hearing the echos.
		Find out more about bats and how they relate to other mammals at the Tree of Life site.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /mammal/eutheria/chirosy.html (341 words)

	AMNH Scientific Publications: Item 2246/5207
		Auditory features and affinities of the Eocene bats Icaronycteris and Palaeochiropteryx (Microchiroptera, incertae sedis) / Michael J. Novacek.
		There is clear justification for reference of Icaronycteris and Palaeochiropteryx to the Microchiroptera.
		Conversely, there is no reason to recognize a 'primitive-ancestral' group, Eochiroptera, that is excluded from Microchiroptera or Megachiroptera.
	hdl.handle.net /2246/5207 (197 words)

	Gander Academy's Types of Bats
		Most bats are small and insectivorous and members of the suborder "Microchiroptera".
		The larger "Megachiroptera" or Megabats feed on fruit and blossoms.
		The thousand species of bats are divided into two main groups - Megachiroptera (big hand-wing) and Microchiroptera (small hand-wing).
	www.cdli.ca /CITE/bat_types.htm (390 words)

	Bat Classification
		Megachiroptera are "fruit-bats" and "flying foxes" that generally navigate by sight (although a few use echolocation).
		In contrast to Microchiroptera, these bats have a longer face, and a claw on their second finger.
		They live in the tropical forests of India, Africa, Asia, and Australia.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/EEB/EML/background/bat_classification.htm (194 words)

	Bat Facts
		The group of generally small, insect eating (insectivorous) bats, all of which have the ability to echolocate.
		16 are Microchiroptera families while only 1 is a Megachiroptera family.
		The first letter is always capitalized, and the word is underlined or italicized.
	www.chiropteracabins.com /BatFacts.htm (383 words)

	Wildlifeonline - Natural History of Bats
		Chiropterans are subdivided into two main groups (suborders): Megachiroptera (the Old World Fruit Bats or Flying Foxes) and Microchiroptera (any bat that isn’t a Fruit bat!).
		The Microchiroptera is the larger of the suborders, consisting of the remaining 17 families, 133 genera and somewhere in the region of 743 species.
		John Pettigrew at the University of Queensland’s Neuroscience Lab to suggest that the mega- and microchiroptera evolved independently from two separate groups of non-flying mammals – this idea is often referred to as the diphyly hypothesis.
	www.wildlifeonline.me.uk /bats.html (10135 words)

	IngentaConnect A moveable face: deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new cla... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		IngentaConnect A moveable face: deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new cla...
		A moveable face: deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats
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	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/miiz/actac/2006/00000008/00000001/art00001 (185 words)

	Find in a Library: Phylogenetic relationships of Icaronycteris, Archaeonycteris, Hassianycteris, and Palaeochiropteryx ...
		Phylogenetic relationships of Icaronycteris, Archaeonycteris, Hassianycteris, and Palaeochiropteryx to extant bat lineages, with comments on the evolution of echolocation and foraging strategies in Microchiroptera
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		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/39d4c37a0c6b8cfaa19afeb4da09e526.html (129 words)

	San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: Bat
		Many eat fruit, pollen, or nectar; some eat small land animals, and some eat fish.
		The other major group is Microchiroptera, or micro bats, containing smaller bats that mostly eat insects.
		They use echolocation, detecting sound waves to navigate and identify the flying insects they eat.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /animalbytes/t-bat.html (1090 words)

	Durham Bat Group entry page
		Bats (Chiroptera) are mammals that have evolved to fly.
		My interest is mostly in British bats (MicroChiroptera).
		These feed on flying insects and avoid predators by hunting just after dusk and sometimes before dawn.
	www.durhambats.org.uk (428 words)

	Mystacinid bats (Microchiroptera) from the Australian Tertiary Journal of Paleontology - Find Articles
		Mystacinid bats (Microchiroptera) from the Australian Tertiary Journal of Paleontology - Find Articles
		The prefix P refers to specimens held in the fossil collections of the Northern Territory Museums and Art Galleries, Darwin; QM F refers to specimens held in the fossil collections of the Queensland Museum, Brisbane.
		Type species.-Mystacina tuberculata Gray, 1843 Familial assignment.-The bats described here share with mystacinids (Mystacina species) the unique condition in which two lower incisors are lost but P2 is large, though single-rooted, and M3 is only moderately reduced.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_199805/ai_n8805991 (790 words)

	Amazon.com: "Microchiroptera Body": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		See all pages with references to Microchiroptera Body.
		Real Bats Mexican Free-tailed Bat Just the Facts Suborder: Microchiroptera Body: 2.5 inches (6.
		Key Phrases in this book: Just the Facts Suborder, United States, Microchiroptera Body, Bracken Cave, echolocation calls, baby bats, most bats, bat house, many bats, flying fox
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Microchiroptera-Body (87 words)

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